Plasma Surface Modification of Li_(2)TiSiO_(5) Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Solving intrinsic structural problems such as low conductivity is the main challenge to promote the commercial application of Li_(2)TiSiO_(5).In this study,Li_(2)TiSiO_(5) is synthesized by the sol-gelmethod,and the surface modification of Li_(2)TiSiO_(5) is carried out at different temperatures using low-temperature plasma to enhance its lithium storage performance.The morphological structure and electrochemical tests demonstrate that plasma treatment can improve the degree of agglomeration.The peak position of the plasma-treated Li_(2)TiSiO_(5) is shifted to a lower angle,and the shift angle increases with increasing sputtering power.Li_(2)TiSiO_(5) after 300 W bombardment shows excellent capacity(144.7 mA·hg^(−1)after 500 cycles at 0.1 Ag^(−1))and rate performance(140 mA·hg^(−1)at 5 Ag^(−1)).Electrochemical analysis indicates that excellent electrochemical performance is attributed to the enhancement of electronic and ionic conductivity by plasma bombardment.

Succinylation modification:a potential therapeutic target in stroke

Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide.Ischemic cell death triggered by the compromised supply of blood oxygen and glucose is one of the major pathophysiology of strokeinduced brain injury.Impaired mitochondrial energy metabolism is observed minutes after stroke and is closely associated with the progression of neuropathology.Recently,a new type of posttranslational modification,known as lysine succinylation,has been recognized to play a significant role in mitochondrial energy metabolism after ischemia.However,the role of succinylation modification in cell metabolism after stroke and its regulation are not well understood.We aimed to review the effects of succinylation on energy metabolism,reactive oxygen species generation,and neuroinflammation,as well as Sirtuin 5 mediated desuccinylation after stroke.We also highlight the potential of targeting succinylation/desuccinylation as a promising strategy for the treatment of stroke.The succinylation level is dynamically regulated by the nonenzymatic or enzymatic transfer of a succinyl group to a protein on lysine residues and the removal of succinyl catalyzed by desuccinylases.Mounting evidence has suggested that succinylation can regulate the metabolic pathway through modulating the activity or stability of metabolic enzymes.Sirtuins,especially Sirtuin 5,are characterized for their desuccinylation activity and have been recognized as a critical regulator of metabolism through desuccinylating numerous metabolic enzymes.Imbalance between succinylation and desuccinylation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of stroke.Pharmacological agents that enhance the activity of Sirtuin 5 have been employed to promote desuccinylation and improve mitochondrial metabolism,and neuroprotective effects of these agents have been observed in experimental stroke studies.However,their therapeutic efficacy in stroke patients should be validated.

Dysregulation of RNA modification systems in clinical populations with neurocognitive disorders

The study of modified RNA known as epitranscriptomics has become increasingly relevant in our understanding of disease-modifying mechanisms.Methylation of N6 adenosine(m^(6)A)and C5 cytosine(m^(5)C)bases occur on mRNAs,tRNA,mt-tRNA,and rRNA species as well as non-coding RNAs.With emerging knowledge of RNA binding proteins that act as writer,reader,and eraser effector proteins,comes a new understanding of physiological processes controlled by these systems.Such processes when spatiotemporally disrupted within cellular nanodomains in highly specialized tissues such as the brain,give rise to different forms of disease.In this review,we discuss accumulating evidence that changes in the m^(6)A and m^(5)C methylation systems contribute to neurocognitive disorders.Early studies first identified mutations within FMR1 to cause intellectual disability Fragile X syndromes several years before FMR1 was identified as an m^(6)A RNA reader protein.Subsequently,familial mutations within the m^(6)A writer gene METTL5,m^(5)C writer genes NSUN2,NSUN3,NSUN5,and NSUN6,as well as THOC2 and THOC6 that form a protein complex with the m^(5)C reader protein ALYREF,were recognized to cause intellectual development disorders.Similarly,differences in expression of the m^(5)C writer and reader effector proteins,NSUN6,NSUN7,and ALYREF in brain tissue are indicated in individuals with Alzheimer's disease,individuals with a high neuropathological load or have suffered traumatic brain injury.Likewise,an abundance of m^(6)A reader and anti-reader proteins are reported to change across brain regions in Lewy bodies diseases,Alzheimer's disease,and individuals with high cognitive reserve.m^(6)A-modified RNAs are also reported significantly more abundant in dementia with Lewy bodies brain tissue but significantly reduced in Parkinson's disease tissue,whilst modified RNAs are misplaced within diseased cells,particularly where synapses are located.In parahippocampal brain tissue,m^(6)A modification is enriched in transcripts associated with psychiatric disorders including conditions with clear cognitive deficits.These findings indicate a diverse set of molecular mechanisms are influenced by RNA methylation systems that can cause neuronal and synaptic dysfunction underlying neurocognitive disorders.Targeting these RNA modification systems brings new prospects for neural regenerative therapies.

热处理橡胶木中糠醛及5−甲基糠醛测定方法研究

建立高效液相色谱方法,使用C_(18)色谱柱,以甲醇-水(75∶25,V/V)为流动相,流速1.0 mL/min,糠醛和5-甲基糠醛的检测波长分别为271、284 nm,保留时间分别为4.969、9.246 min,可以同时准确测定糠醛和5-甲基糠醛的含量。结果表明:测定方法具有简便易操作、灵敏度高、重复性好的优点;优化了橡胶木中糠醛和5-甲基糠醛的提取方法,用高效液相色谱法测定了橡胶木素材和不同温度(125、155、185℃)热处理橡胶木中糠醛和5-甲基糠醛的含量变化。随着热处理温度升高,热处理橡胶木中糠醛和5-甲基糠醛的含量由3.4μg/g和1.9μg/g逐渐升高至103.5μg/g和54.1μg/g,此结果为调控热处理橡胶木工艺提供参考。

微量掺杂Mn改性Ni/ZSM-5用于等离子催化甲烷部分重整制氢

使用微量的Mn元素对浸渍法制备的Ni/ZSM-5催化剂进行了掺杂改性,并将其应用于低温等离子体催化甲烷重整制氢的反应中。研究结果表明,掺杂后的双金属催化剂可以有效提升甲烷转化率。同时利用XRD、EDS和H_(2)-TPR等技术手段对催化剂进行了表征,表征结果表明,催化剂改性后金属分散度得到改善、氧化还原能力提升。活性评价证实了改性催化剂在介质阻挡放电等离子中的制氢活性得到增强。

碱处理改性ZSM-5分子筛孔结构对VOCs吸附性能的影响

采用氢氧化钠和四丙基氢氧化铵混合碱溶液处理制备一系列改性ZSM-5分子筛,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、N_(2)吸附、水接触角测定等手段对改性样品进行了分析表征,采用固定床吸附器对比评价5A、NaY和不同碱改性ZSM-5分子筛吸附剂对正己烷和乙酸乙酯的动态吸附性能。结果表明:氢氧化钠和四丙基氢氧化铵摩尔浓度均为0.2 mol/L的碱改性ZSM-5-G-3样品的比表面积及总孔体积分别为425 m^(2)/g和0.585 cm^(3)/g,比改性前高硅ZSM-5-G-1样品分别提高了17.7%和174.6%,介孔比表面积增加8.6倍,达到317 m^(2)/g,介孔体积增加12.3倍,达到0.531 cm^(3)/g;随着碱溶液浓度的增加,改性分子筛材料水接触角减小;25℃时,正己烷和乙酸乙酯在ZSM-5-G-3吸附剂床层上的穿透吸附量分别为76.99和101.08 mg/g,比改性前ZSM-5-G-1吸附剂床层分别提高了40.3%和17.4%。改性ZSM-5-G-3样品对挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)吸附性能的显著提高主要归因于碱改性提供了更多的吸附位和介孔结构。

Removal of Organochlorine from Model Oil Using Mg-Modified ZSM-5 Zeolite:Dechlorination Performance,Regeneration,and Thermodynamics

Various metal-modified ZSM-5 zeolite adsorbents prepared by the impregnation method were applied to the removal of organic chlorides from model naphtha.The adsorption performance and regeneration stability were investigated by static adsorption experiments.The morphologies,structural features,and physicochemical properties of the adsorbents were characterized by X-ray diffraction,Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis,NH3 temperature-programmed desorption,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and pyridine adsorption infrared spectroscopy.The Mg/ZSM-5 zeolite adsorbent possessed a relatively high specific surface area and good metal dispersion and exhibited the best dechlorination and regeneration performance.The characterization results revealed that introduction of the metal exerted a significant influence on the acidic properties of the catalyst surface.A decrease in the ratio of Brønsted acidic sites to Lewis acidic sites and an increase in the amount of moderately acidic sites were confirmed to be responsible for the excellent adsorption performance of the Mg-modified ZSM-5 zeolite.Furthermore,the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model was applied to study the adsorption equilibrium and thermodynamics of the Mg/ZSM-5 adsorbent under mild conditions.The results revealed that the removal of 1,2-dichloroethane by the Mg/ZSM-5 adsorbent was endothermic,spontaneous,disordered,and primarily involved physical adsorption.

Enhancing hydrothermal stability of nano-sized HZSM-5 zeolite by phosphorus modification for olefin catalytic cracking of full-range FCC gasoline

In this study, phosphorus modification by trimethyl phosphate impregnation was employed to enhance the hydrothermal stability of nano‐sized HZSM‐5 zeolites. A parallel modification was studied by ammonium dihydrogen phosphate impregnation. The modified zeolites were subjected to steam treatment at 800 °C for 4 h (100% steam) and employed as catalysts for olefin catalyticcracking (OCC) of full‐range fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline. X‐ray diffraction, N2 physicaladsorption and NH3 temperature‐programmed desorption analysis indicated that, although significantimprovements to the hydrothermal stability of nano‐sized HZSM‐5 zeolites can be observedwhen adopting both phosphorus modification strategies, impregnation with trimethyl phosphatedisplays further enhancement of the hydrothermal stability. This is because higher structural crystallinityis retained, larger specific surface areas/micropore volumes form, and there are greaternumbers of surface acid sites. Reaction experiments conducted using a fixed‐bed micro‐reactor(catalyst/oil ratio = 4, time on stream = 4 s) showed OCC of full‐range FCC gasoline-under a fluidized‐bed reaction mode configuration-to be a viable solution for the olefin problem of FCC gasoline.This reaction significantly decreased the olefin content in the full‐range FCC gasoline feed, andspecifically heavy‐end olefins, by converting the olefins into value‐added C2–C4 olefins and aromatics.At the same time, sulfide content of the gasoline decreased via a non‐hydrodesulfurization process.Nano‐sized HZSM‐5 zeolites modified with trimethyl phosphate exhibited enhanced catalytic performance for OCC of full‐range FCC gasoline.

磷改性ZSM-5分子筛的制备及其催化苯酚烷基化反应性能

为了解决ZSM-5分子筛催化苯酚烷基化对甲酚选择性低的问题,采用等体积浸渍法对制备的ZSM-5分子筛进行硅、磷、镁改性得到系列改性ZSM-5催化剂。采用XRD、Py-IR和BET等手段对改性前后ZSM-5分子筛进行表征,并采用固定床反应器考察了改性ZSM-5分子筛催化苯酚烷基化反应性能。结果表明:磷负载质量分数15%的15P-ZSM-5分子筛的比表面积和总酸量分别从未改性前的395 m^(2)/g和406μmol/g降低到了309 m^(2)/g和128μmol/g,外表面酸量从未改性前的18μmol/g降低到了3μmol/g;在质量空速12 h^(-1)、反应温度420℃、反应压力1.5 MPa条件下进行催化苯酚烷基化反应,磷负载质量分数10%的10P-ZSM-5分子筛作用下的苯酚转化率为52.4%、对甲酚选择性为15.4%;磷改性可以通过磷酸根离子覆盖ZSM-5分子筛外表面的酸位点对表面酸性酸量进行调节,提高对甲酚的选择性,与其他改性分子筛相比,磷改性分子筛具有最佳的苯酚烷基化反应性能。

External surface modification of as-made ZSM-5 and their catalytic performance in the methanol to propylene reaction

Post-synthetic treatment of high-silica as-made ZSM-5 with organic template in the micropores was explored to reduce/remove the external surface acid density of ZSM-5. It is found that Na_2H_2 EDTA treatment can selectively remove the surface Al atoms, but generates new acid sites（likely silanol nests） on the external surface. H_3PO_4 treatment is unable to remove surface Al atoms, while small amount of P is left on the external surface, which effectively decreases the acid density. The catalytic performance of the resultant materials is evaluated in the methanol conversion reaction. H_3PO_4 treatment can effectively improve both the catalytic lifetime and the stability of propene selectivity.This occurs due to a combination of the increased tolerance to the external coke deposition and the depressed coking rate（reduced side reactions）. Na_2H_2 EDTA treatment only prolongs the catalytic lifetime, resulting from the improved tolerance to the external coke deposition. Under the optimized H_3PO_4 treatment condition, the resultant ZSM-5 gives a catalytic lifetime of about 1.5 times longer than the precursor. Moreover, the propene selectivity is improved, showing a slight increasing trend until the deactivation.

缺陷型ZSM-5沸石金属改性特征

MFI沸石中普遍存在骨架缺陷。但由于某些原因,迄今为止人们仅对于S-1沸石的骨架缺陷进行了一些较为系统的研究。实际上,与S-1沸石同样具有MFI拓扑结构的ZSM-5沸石也普遍存在不同程度的骨架缺陷。这些骨架缺陷会使ZSM-5沸石产生不同数量和形式的羟基窝缺陷位。然而,关于羟基窝对缺陷型ZSM-5沸石物化性质的研究却鲜有报道,所以有必要对缺陷型ZSM-5沸石中羟基窝的物化性质进行系统研究。因此,研究了缺陷型ZSM-5沸石的金属离子改性规律,考察羟基窝对金属离子在缺陷型HZSM-5上的改性行为,以便为将来开发利用缺陷型ZSM-5沸石打下基础。

金属改性缺陷型ZSM-5分子筛用于丙烷催化转化的研究

锌离子改性的缺陷型HZSM-5分子筛的表面酸性和锌离子改性常规HZSM-5分子筛明显不同,其丙烷转化反应催化性能更优。用缺陷型HZSM-5分子筛制备的Zn、Sn、Pt三金属组元改性催化剂也可能在催化性能上优于用常规HZSM-5分子筛(骨架缺陷较少)制备的Zn、Sn、Pt三金属组元改性催化剂。因此,选择高硅铝比(n(SiO_(2))/n(Al_(2)O_(3))=100)缺陷型HZSM-5分子筛(Z100)及其(NH_(4))_(2)SiF_(6)修复样品,分别制备了Zn、Sn、Pt三金属组元改性催化剂,并在此基础上研究了不同催化剂对丙烷探针分子反应的催化性能。脉冲微反应实验结果表明:在丙烷探针分子反应中,Zn、Sn、Pt改性缺陷型HZSM-5分子筛催化剂的烯烃和芳烃产物总选择性与参比催化剂相近,但催化活性提高近1倍。

P改性ZSM-5纳米片催化裂解丁烯的研究

制备了一系列低P负载量的P/ZSM-5纳米片分子筛,通过X射线衍射仪､低温N2吸附-脱附､NH_(3)-TPD､SEM等表征手段考察了P改性对纳米片分子筛晶型､孔结构､酸性质和形貌的影响,并将各催化剂用于催化正丁烯裂解反应。结果表明,由于P负载量较低,改性后的ZSM-5纳米片分子筛的比表面积､微孔孔容和形貌基本不变,而纳米片强酸位点的数量显著降低;P改性后可显著改善催化剂在正丁烯催化裂解中的稳定性和乙丙烯的选择性;与未改性的ZSM-5相比,当P负载量达0.45%时催化剂失活速率降低了1倍以上,且产物中乙烯､丙烯选择性可达58%左右。

m5C甲基化修饰及其在肿瘤免疫治疗中的研究进展

表观遗传修饰在真核细胞生物学过程中有重要的调节作用。肿瘤免疫疗法是治疗癌症的重要手段和临床策略。5⁃甲基胞嘧啶(5⁃methylcytosine,m5C)是继N6甲基腺苷(N6⁃methyladenosine,m6A)之后发现的表观遗传调控网络的重要组成部分。RNA的m5C甲基化修饰能影响被修饰RNA分子的命运,并在包括RNA稳定性、蛋白质合成和转录调控在内的各种生物学过程中发挥重要作用。最近研究表明,m5C甲基转移酶、去甲基化酶、甲基化识别蛋白与多种细胞生物学过程和系统性疾病有关,包括肿瘤的发生、转移和肿瘤免疫微环境等。m5C甲基化修饰可在多个水平上广泛影响基因表达和肿瘤发生发展的生物学过程,但其具体机制及与其他表观遗传修饰的相互作用尚未阐明,其在恶性肿瘤中的调控机制、风险评估和靶向治疗的研究有待深入。本文将从m5C的动态调节网络、m5C修饰在实体瘤中的生物学作用及在肿瘤免疫治疗中的潜在靶点等进行综述。

改性纳米ZSM-5分子筛催化甲醇制对二甲苯的反应性能

通过水热合成的方法合成纳米ZSM-5分子筛,并采用等体积浸渍法制备ZnO,MgO和P_(2)O_(5)复合改性分子筛,用于催化甲醇高选择性制对二甲苯反应中。采用XRD、SEM、氮气吸附-脱附以及NH_(3)-TPD等手段对催化剂进行表征分析,并在固定床微型反应装置上进行甲醇直接制对二甲苯(MTPX)反应性能评价。结果表明:相比于常规微米ZSM-5分子筛,纳米分子筛具有大量晶间介孔,提高总芳烃选择性;Zn改性减少强酸量,增加中强酸酸量,有利于芳烃产物的生成;分子筛上进一步引入适量的MgO和P_(2)O_(5)可以有效覆盖分子筛的部分孔口和外表面的酸性位,对孔道扩散限制产生影响,对位选择性提高至81.1%,对二甲苯选择性提高至23.3%。

A facile finger-paint physical modification for bilateral electrode/electrolyte interface towards a stable aqueous Zn battery

Since the electrode/electrolyte interface(EEI)is the main redox center of electrochemical processes,proper manipulation of the EEI microenvironment is crucial to stabilize interfacial behaviors.Here,a finger-paint method is proposed to enable quick physical modification of glass-fiber separator without complicated chemical technology to modulate EEI of bilateral electrodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs).An elaborate biochar derived from Aspergillus Niger is exploited as the modification agent of EEI,in which the multi-functional groups assist to accelerate Zn^(2+)desolvation and create a hydrophobic environment to homogenize the deposition behavior of Zn anode.Importantly,the finger-paint interface on separator can effectively protect cathodes from abnormal capacity fluctuation and/or rapid attenuation induced by H_(2)O molecular on the interface,which is demonstrated in modified MnO_(2),V_(2)O_(5),and KMn HCF-based cells.The as-proposed finger-paint method opens a new idea of bilateral interface engineering to facilitate the access to the practical application of the stable zinc electrochemistry.

HZSM-5 的低温水热改性及其己烯芳构化性能

对HZSM-5在70,100和150℃下进行低温水热改性,分别制得催化剂T 70-HZ-5,T 100-HZ-5和T 150-HZ-5,利用X射线衍射仪、X射线荧光光谱仪、物理吸附仪、化学吸附分析仪和红外光谱仪等对上述催化剂进行表征,并对其己烯芳构化催化性能进行了评价。结果表明:低温水热改性保持了HZSM-5的完整晶相结构,提高了其硅铝比[n(Si)/n(Al)],B酸和L酸酸量比(B/L)及平均孔径;酸量的降低和孔径的增大有利于HZSM-5寿命的延长,B/L值的增大有利于选择性的提高;在反应温度405℃,反应压力0.2 MPa,质量空速2 h-1的条件下,T 100-HZ-5的催化寿命可达44 h,比改性前延长了36 h;当反应8 h时,HZSM-5的苯、甲苯和二甲苯混合物(BTX)选择性已迅速降到35%左右,而T 100-HZ-5的仍接近55%。

Ni-MgO复合改性对HZSM-5分子筛催化性能的影响

采用等体积浸渍法制备了Ni和MgO改性的HZSM-5催化剂,考察Ni和MgO含量对甲醇制备丙烯的影响,并利用XRD、SEM、BET、NH 3-TPD等方法考察了Ni和MgO对HZSM-5分子筛的酸强度和结构的影响,结果表明,少量的Ni-Mg复合改性的HZSM-5分子筛MFI结构没有改变,但有效改变了催化剂的酸强度和孔径结构,显著降低催化剂中强酸含量,微孔孔径由0.5105 nm降为0.5016 nm,0.5%Ni-0.5%Mg/HZSM-5分子筛表现出较佳的丙烯选择性,丙烯的选择性提高了11.5%。

家蚕生长抑制蛋白ING5乙酰化修饰在杆状病毒侵染过程中的调控作用

生长抑制蛋白5(inhibitor of growth protein 5,ING5)是生长抑制蛋白家族的成员之一,参与调节细胞周期、细胞增殖和凋亡等多种生命活动。家蚕核型多角体病毒(Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus,BmNPV)侵染家蚕卵巢细胞BmN前后的蛋白质乙酰化修饰差异组学分析结果显示,BmN细胞中的ING5蛋白有3个赖氨酸残基位点(K136、K137和K154)的乙酰化修饰水平在BmNPV感染后显著下调。为了探究ING5乙酰化修饰对其功能的影响以及在BmNPV侵染过程中的调控作用机制,首先克隆了家蚕ING5基因,并将BmNPV感染后乙酰化修饰水平显著下调的赖氨酸(K)定点突变为谷氨酰胺(Q)以模拟乙酰化修饰,突变为精氨酸(R)以模拟去乙酰化修饰。然后构建瞬时表达载体并转染BmN细胞,结果显示ING5蛋白过表达具有显著抑制细胞活力的作用,而ING5乙酰化修饰则可以显著提高细胞活力。进一步研究发现,过表达ING5蛋白具有显著促细胞凋亡作用,而ING5乙酰化修饰则显著抑制细胞凋亡。酵母双杂交试验结果显示,野生型ING5与凋亡相关蛋白P53可以互作,但ING5的乙酰化修饰影响了该互作关系;同时还发现ING5的乙酰化可显著降低P53蛋白稳定性。上述结果表明,家蚕ING5可能通过P53依赖的方式参与细胞凋亡调控,但K136、K137和K154位点的乙酰化修饰改变了ING5与P53的相互作用,进而影响细胞凋亡。研究结果将为深入解析家蚕ING5家族蛋白调控BmNPV侵染的作用机制提供试验依据,同时也可为家蚕的抗病毒育种提供新的理论依据。

纳米ZSM-5分子筛的磷改性

采用浸渍法制备了不同磷含量的工业微米ZSM-5分子筛(Z-0)和纳米ZSM-5分子筛(NZ-0),并利用XRD、低温N_(2)吸附-脱附、Py-IR、SEM、NH3-TPD等方法进行了表征,对结构性能进行了分析。实验结果表明,随着磷含量的增加,两种改性分子筛的结晶度、比表面积、孔体积、酸量均逐渐下降,改性磷含量建议不高于6%(w);与Z-0改性试样相比,NZ-0改性试样具有更高的结晶度保留率、介孔孔体积和比表面积,同时NZ-0改性试样的B酸酸量降幅更小,具有更高的B/L比值,且中强酸酸量降幅更小。与Z-6相比,采用NZ-6制备的丙烯助剂具有更高的丙烯产率。