Friction stir butt welding of A5052-O aluminum alloy plates

Friction stir butt welding (FSW) between A5052-O aluminum alloy plates with a thickness of 2 mm was performed.The rotation speeds of the welding tool were 2000 and 3000 r/min,respectively.The traverse speed was ranged from 100 mm/min to 900 mm/min.The defect-free welds with the very smooth surface morphology were successfully obtained,except for at the welding condition of 3000 r/min and 100 mm/min.The onion ring structure was observed in the friction-stir-welded zone (SZ) at the condition of 2000 r/min and 100 mm/min.For all the welding conditions,the grain size of the SZ was smaller than that of the base metal,and was decreased with the decrease of the tool rotation speed and with the increase of the tool traverse speed.The stir zone exhibited higher average hardness than the base metal.The decrease of the tool rotation speed and the increase of the tool traverse speed resulted in the increase in the average hardness of the SZ.The tensile strength of the FSWed plates was similar to that of the base metal,except for at the welding condition of 3000 r/min and 100 mm/min.The total elongation of the FSWed plates was lower than that of the base metal.

Effect of Sc on Al_(3)Fe phase and mechanical properties of as-cast AA5052 aluminum alloy

The AA5052 aluminum alloy is widely used in automobile and aerospace manufacturing,and with the development of light-weight alloys,it is required that these materials exhibit better mechanical properties.Previous studies have demonstrated that the addition of Sc to aluminum alloys can improve both the microstructure and properties of the alloys.In this study,the effect of Sc on the Fe-rich phase and properties of the AA5052 aluminum alloy was studied by adding 0%,0.05%,0.2%,and 0.3%Sc.The results show that with the increase of Sc,the coarse needle-like Fe-rich phase gradually transforms into Chinese-script and then nearly spherical particles,reduce the size of Fe-rich phase,and refine the grain with increase of high angle grain boundaries(HAGBs).These microstructure changes enhance the strength of the AA5052 alloy through Sc addition.The ductility of the alloy is obviously improved because the addition of a lower amount of Sc changes the morphology of Fe-rich phase from needle-like into a Chinese-script,and it is subsequently reduced as a result of significant increase in HAGBs with increasing Sc content.

Effects of cold rolling and heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of AA 5052 aluminum alloy

The microstructures and mechanical properties of homogenized-rolled AA5052 aluminum alloys with different rolling reductions and following annealing treatments were investigated by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, micro-hardness and tensile tests. The results show that with increasing rolling reduction, the equiaxed grains are elongated along the rolling direction obviously, and accumulation of rolling reduction increases the work hardening effect, which results in the enhanced strength and degraded plasticity. When rolling reduction is 87%, the ultimate tensile strength reaches 325 MPa but elongation is only 2.5%. There are much more secondary phase precipitates after annealing treatment. With an increase of annealing temperature, the amount of precipitates increases and work hardening diminishes continuously. The elongation is improved to ~23% but the tensile strength is decreased to 212 MPa after annealing at 300 °C for 4 h, which are comparable to those of as-homogenized alloy.

3D FEM simulation of flow velocity field for 5052 aluminum alloy multi-row sprocket in cold semi-precision forging process

Based on the design of the multi-row sprocket with a new tooth profile,a cold semi-precision forging process for manufacturing 5052 aluminum alloy multi-row sprocket was presented.Through simulating the forging process of 5052 aluminum alloy sprocket billet with 3D rigid-viscoplastic FEM,both the distributions of flow velocity field in axial(U_Z),radial(U_R) and circumferential(U_θ) directions and the curves of velocity component in different deformation regions were respectively obtained.By comparison and analysis of the velocity varying curves,the velocity component relation conditions for filling the die cavity were clarified.It shows that when the die cavity is almost fully filled,the circumferential velocity U_θ increases sharply,implying that U_θplays a key role in fully filling the die cavity.

Effect of semi-solid processing on microstructure and mechanical properties of 5052 aluminum alloy

The microstructure and mechanical properties of rheocasted 5052 aluminum alloy were investigated.The semi-solid slurry of this alloy was prepared by ultrasonic vibration(USV) process and then shaped by gravity casting(GC) and high press diecasting(HPDC).The experimental results indicate that fine and globular primary α(Al) particles are distributed uniformly in the rheocasting samples.The tensile strength and elongation of the rheo-GC sample are 191 MPa and 7.5%,respectively.Compared with the conventional GC samples,they increase by 22.4% and 82.9% respectively.The tensile strength and elongation of the rheo-HPDC samples reach 225 MPa and 8.6%,respectively,and they are 14.8% and 75.5% higher than those of the conventional HPDC samples,respectively.It is also found that the ductile fracture mode prevails in the rheocasting samples.

Dissimilar friction stir welding between 5052 aluminum alloy and AZ31 magnesium alloy

Dissimilar friction stir welding between 5052 Al alloy and AZ31 Mg alloy with the plate thickness of 6 mm was investigated.Sound weld was obtained at rotation speed of 600 r/min and welding speed of 40 mm/min.Compared with the base materials,the microstructure of the stir zone is greatly refined.Complex flow pattern characterized by intercalation lamellae is formed in the stir zone.Microhardness measurement of the dissimilar welds presents an uneven distribution due to the complicated microstructure of the weld,and the maximum value of microhardness in the stir zone is twice higher than that of the base materials. The tensile fracture position locates at the advancing side(aluminum side),where the hardness distribution of weld shows a sharp decrease from the stir zone to 5052 base material.

Influences of tool plunge speed and tool plunge depth on friction spot joining of AA5454-O aluminum alloy plates with different thicknesses

AA5454-O aluminum alloy plates with the thicknesses of 1.4 and 1.0 mm were friction-spot-joined (FSJed).The plunge speed of the joining tool was changed in a range of 100 500 mm/min under a constant rotation speed of 500 r/min.The plunge depth was ranged from 1.6 mm to 2.2 mm.The tool plunge speed did not make a remarkable effect on the surface appearance and macro-structure of the FSJed zone.The average hardness of the FSJed zone was greater than or equal to that of the base metal.However,there was no remarkable tendency in the average hardness change of the FSJed zone in spite of the variation in the tool plunge speed and tool plunge depth.The increase of the tool plunge depth resulted in the increase of the tensile shear load.However,the change of the tool plunge speed did not lead to the remarkable variation in the tensile shear load of the FSJed plates.It was noteworthy that the FSJed plate exhibited the highest tensile shear load of about 4.0 kN.

Influence of tool plunge depth and welding distance on friction stir lap welding of AA5454-O aluminum alloy plates with different thicknesses

AA5454-O aluminum alloy plates with thicknesses of 1.4 and 1.0 mm were friction-stir-lap-welded (FSLWed).The influences of the tool plunge depth and welding distance on surface appearance,macrostructure and mechanical properties of the FSLWed plates were experimentally investigated.The tensile shear load of the FSLWed plates was compared with that of the adhesive-bonded plates.Defect-free FSLWed zones were successfully obtained in all the tool plunge depths and the welding distances.The FSLWed zones exhibited the relatively smooth surface morphologies.Under all the FSLWed conditions,the FSLWed zone exhibited higher average hardness than the base metal.In addition,the upper plate exhibited a higher average hardness than the lower plate,although there was no special tendency in spite of the change in the tool plunge depth and the welding distance.The maximum tensile shear load of the FSLWed plates was much higher than that of the adhesive-bonded aluminum alloy plate.Especially,under the FSLW condition of the plunge depth of 1.8 mm and the welding distance of 40 mm,the tensile shear load of the FSLWed plate reached a level about 41% greater than that of the adhesive-bonded aluminum alloy plate.In addition,the maximum tensile shear load of the FSLWed plate was increased with the increase of the welding distance.

5052-O铝合金电阻点焊裂纹产生机理及抑制

首先以5052-O铝合金(Al-Mg合金)为分析材料通过单脉冲电阻点焊工艺分析裂纹的产生及其机理,然后利用SORPAS软件模拟分析单脉冲、多脉冲工艺的裂纹倾向性,探讨采用平直端面电极+多脉冲工艺对接头热影响区液化裂纹的作用,并在优化电极+多脉冲工艺下结合模拟结果验证并分析抑制特定区域液化裂纹产生的机理.结果表明,多脉冲工艺相对于单脉冲而言,其裂纹危险分布系数有所降低,多脉冲工艺对裂纹产生的倾向性影响仍然较小,但是在优化电极+多脉冲工艺下电极端面的环状凹痕能够完全抑制裂纹的产生,并能够提升点焊接头的力学性能.

Influence of blank holder type on drawability of 5182-O aluminum sheet at room temperature

To study the influence of blank holder type on the drawability of 5182-O aluminum sheet at room temperature, the flat blank holder and curved blank holder were employed during the deep drawing process. The microstructures were characterized by optical microscopy （OM）. The results reveal that the limiting drawing ratio （LDR） of 5182-O aluminum alloy sheet is 1.7 using the flat blank holder. The drawn cup have severe earring. Compared with using flat blank holder, the LDR of 5182-O aluminum alloy sheet is enhanced to 2.0 using curved blank holder. In addition, the earring ratio also reduces and flange wrinkling is prevented when the curved blank holder is used. These are due to a more uniform sheet flow in different directions with curved blank holder.

单体种类对光固化增材制造5052铝合金的影响

针对光固化增材制造5052铝合金时存在的浆料不稳定、烧结体密度偏低和碳残留量较高等问题,研究了树脂单体种类对铝合金光固化增材制造的影响。结果表明,单体种类对光固化增材制造5052铝合金的成型工艺和烧结体性能具有重要影响。采用单体TMPTA或PEG400DA的铝浆黏度大于30 Pa·s,沉降时间大于120 h,成型的铝合金坯体结构完整但表面孔洞较多;采用单体PEG200DA或HDDA的铝浆黏度低于30 Pa·s,但沉降时间小于16 h,成型的铝合金坯体表面无孔洞但结构易残缺;采用单体PS-PCL的铝浆黏度低于30 Pa·s且稳定不易沉降,坯体表面无孔洞且结构完整。采用优选单体PS-PCL制备固含量55%铝浆,打印成型并烧结后,其相对密度大于95%,碳残留量相对较低(0.259 17%),断口烧结颈明显,硬度相对较高(29.94HV)。

5052铝合金成形极限预测及数值模拟

基于Nakazima半球凸模胀形实验,利用有限元软件建立其简化模型。分析了润滑条件、冲压速度和凹模圆角半径对5052铝合金成形极限的影响。结果显示:随着摩擦因数的增大,成形极限曲线(FLC)向下偏移,表明理想的润滑条件有利于板材在复杂工艺下的成形;增大冲压速度也使FLC呈现下降的趋势,即在不考虑实际生产效率的情况下,降低冲压速度可以改善材料的延展性;而增大凹模圆角半径使FLC向上偏移,提高了板料的成形极限。将模拟结果与实验结果对比,两者较高的吻合度验证了有限元预测的可靠性。

石墨烯添加量对5052铝合金力学性能的影响

以5052铝合金为基体,采用搅拌摩擦加工制备复合材料,研究了不同石墨烯添加量对复合材料中石墨烯的分散与复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,当石墨烯添加量不超过1.0wt%时,复合材料中石墨烯可实现较好地分散;随石墨烯添加量的提高,复合材料的显微硬度呈上升的趋势,当石墨烯添加量为2.0wt%时,复合材料的平均显微硬度为87.44 HV,较同等条件基体的显微硬度提高了64.3%;复合材料的强度呈先升后降的趋势,当石墨烯添加量为1.5wt%时,复合材料的屈服强度与抗拉强度分别为139.0 MPa和247.5 MPa,相比同等条件基体的屈服强度与抗拉强度分别提高了63.1%和24.5%。

自阻加热温度对5052铝合金板力学性能和组织的影响

通过扫描电镜、显微硬度、自阻加热拉伸实验等方法对自阻加热温度对5052铝合金板力学性能、组织和断口形貌的影响规律进行研究。结果表明,在25℃时5052铝合金板的抗拉强度、显微硬度、强塑积、变形抗力均最大,伸长率最小,随着自阻加热温度的逐渐升高,抗拉强度、显微硬度、强塑积、变形抗力均变小,伸长率变大。在350℃时伸长率为26%,抗拉强度为87 MPa。断口形貌有明显的韧窝,自阻加热温度从200℃到350℃,在断口表面有少许熔断的痕迹。随着温度的升高,韧性断裂明显,200~300℃时韧窝数量逐渐增多,韧窝深度增大,塑性提高。随着自阻加热温度的逐渐升高,5052铝合金组织中的β相熔入基体增加,β相减少,β相分布越来越均匀,纤维组织逐渐减少,塑性提高。

6061/5052异种铝合金钨极惰性气体保护焊接头的组织与性能

制备了6061/5052异种铝合金钨极惰性气体保护焊(TIG)接头,研究了接头的显微组织、晶粒尺寸、硬度、抗应力腐蚀性能和预腐蚀疲劳性能。结果表明:6061铝合金母材,焊缝和5052铝合金母材的平均晶粒尺寸分别为38.42,47.13,41.17µm;母材区显微硬度高于热影响区和焊缝区,硬度最小值(51 HV)出现在6061铝合金侧热影响区;接头在NaCl溶液和空气中应力腐蚀后,断裂位置均在6061铝合金侧距焊缝中心14 mm处,在NaCl溶液中的抗拉强度、屈服强度和断后伸长率略高于在空气中,抗应力腐蚀性能略强;随着NaCl溶液中HCl含量增加,焊接接头的晶间腐蚀深度增加,疲劳寿命缩短,断裂位置由焊缝区向5052铝合金母材转变。

5052铝合金本构模型和断裂模型研究

为了探究铝合金的成形性能,需要建立正确的材料模型以反映材料的变形行为和断裂现象,设计了单轴拉伸、平面应变和压缩3种各向异性试样以及两端缺口、中心圆孔和剪切3种断裂试样,结合数字图像相关法进行试验。基于试验和建模,标定了Yld2000-3d各向异性屈服准则、Swift-Voce硬化模型以及DF2014断裂模型。结果表明:5052铝合金具有明显的各向异性,采用Yld2000-3d各向异性屈服准则能准确表征铝合金的各向异性行为,Swift-Voce模型能准确预测缩颈之后的整段硬化曲线,利用DF2014断裂模型对5052铝合金的断裂行为进行预测,并结合有限元仿真得到断裂模型的参数,显示断裂模型能准确预测铝合金的断裂行为。

富铈混合稀土对5052铝合金流动性及净化效果的影响

采用扫描电镜和光学显微镜等研究了富铈混合稀土对5052铝合金铸造流动性及净化效果的影响。结果表明:在加入0.3%RE时,5052合金的流动性提高约60%;随着RE含量的增加,原晶界处呈针状及骨骼状的相显著减少,球状的含RE析出相逐渐形成,并呈点链状分布;RE含量进一步增加,形成的含RE析出相又转变为针状和多边形状;富铈混合稀土在983K能与铝熔体中的氢和氧化夹杂自发反应,使5052合金得到明显净化。

超声振动制备5052合金半固态浆料的研究

研究了超声振动制备5052合金半固态浆料中各工艺参数对半固态浆料组织的影响。对665℃的铝合金熔体进行了超声振动试验。结果表明,合金熔体在超声场中作用90s左右,可得到晶粒尺寸约为110μm的非枝晶半固态浆料;随着超声作用时间的延长,晶粒越来越圆整,但90s后变化不大。启振温度是影响浆料组织的重要因素,在675℃时导入超声对熔体处理90s后,浆料的平均晶粒尺寸约为95μm,且呈球状。浆料在保温2min的过程中晶粒增长缓慢,4min时晶粒已开始大量融合。

5052铝合金CO_2激光-MIG复合焊接工艺对焊缝成形的影响

以10 mm厚的5052铝合金为研究对象,研究CO2激光-MIG复合焊接工艺参数对其焊缝成形的影响规律。结果表明:焊缝熔深及熔宽随电弧电流的增加先增加后减少而后再增加,随激光功率的增加逐渐增加,随焊接速度的增加迅速下降;热源间距对焊缝熔深影响较大,对焊缝外观形貌影响很小。在He气中加入Ar气对改善焊缝表面成形和咬边等有明显的效果,随着加入的Ar气量增大,效果越明显;加入少量的Ar气有利于提高焊缝熔深,过量反而降低焊缝熔深。激光功率低于1 500 W有轻微咬边,在2 500 W有激光"匙孔"现象出现;当焊接电流为130～145 A、激光功率为3.5～4.5 kW、焊接速度为1～2 m/min、离焦量为-1～0 mm、热源间距为2～3 mm、Ar气流量为5～15 L/min、He气流量为10～20 L/min时,得到较好的焊缝形貌及焊缝熔深。

5052铝合金板材热轧过程塑性变形及应力分布的三维热力耦合模拟

对5052铝合金板材热轧过程进行了三维热力耦合模拟,综合考虑热轧过程中轧制速度、变形温度、道次压下量和摩擦系数等因素对热轧过程中轧件变形区内塑性变形和应力分布的影响,建立了多参数的热力耦合热轧模型。结果表明,在轧件变形区内,因加工硬化与动态软化的综合作用,其流变应力呈典型的动态再结晶特征。在变形区内轧件表面因金属流动剧烈,其等效塑性应变和应变速率远远大于轧件心部,塑性变形显著。轧制速度是轧件温度场分布最重要的影响因素之一,轧制速度越大,轧件的温升就越高;而温度是影响等效应力大小的主要因素,温度升高和应变速率降低都使得流变应力降低。