冷轧加工率对5182-O铝合金汽车板性能和织构的影响

目的研究冷轧变形量对5182铝合金汽车板力学性能、塑性应变比、金相及织构的影响,系统解释5182铝合金汽车板的强化机理和成形性变化机理。方法采用X射线衍射仪、金相显微镜和万能拉伸试验机研究不同冷轧加工率下5182-O铝合金的力学性能和显微组织变化规律。结果50%和75%冷轧加工率的样品强度无明显差异,25%冷轧加工率的样品偏低约3 MPa。塑性应变比加权平均值rm随冷轧加工率的增大而减小,几乎呈线性关系,塑性应变比各向异性度Δr则先减小后增大,延伸率和应变硬化指数则无明显差异。当冷轧加工率从25%增至50%时,平均晶粒尺寸减小了约24%,当冷轧加工率从50%增至75%时,平均晶粒尺寸仅减小了1~2μm。不同冷轧加工率下的5182铝合金连退再结晶后均表现出较弱的织构强度,Cube织构未占主导地位,仍保留了较多的轧制织构。S、Copper和Brass织构的体积分数随冷轧加工率的增大而有所减小,Goss和Q织构的占比有所增大,Cube织构的占比则变化不大。结论冷轧加工率影响了5182-O铝合金汽车板连退后的晶粒尺寸,进而改变了强度。晶粒尺寸和屈服强度的关系符合经典Hall-Petch以及新Hall-Petch关系式。受不同再结晶形核机制竞争关系的影响,轧制织构随冷轧加工率的增大而稍有减少,导致45°方向的塑性应变比和rm逐渐减小,Δr则先减小后增大。

不同变形量5182-O铝合金汽车板PLC效应表现和吕德斯带演变

目的系统研究变形量对5182-O合金吕德斯效应、PLC效应和吕德斯带演变的影响,为提高汽车用5182-O合金冲压零件表面质量、扩大其应用范围奠定理论基础。方法采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、拓扑仪和万能拉伸试验机等手段表征变形时材料的位错演变、局部变形带形成、宏观形貌演变规律等。结果当材料变形量较小时,位错密度较低,呈现随机散布状态,随着变形量的增大,位错快速增殖且密度迅速增大,位错相互缠结,当材料变形发展至PLC效应临界区时,逐渐演变形成小范围位错塞积群,当材料变形发展至PLC效应深入发展区时,最终演变形成大范围位错塞积群和林位错墙,而与之相对应的材料表面的宏观形貌演变规律如下:由低变形量时的光滑表面演变为单条变形条带、多条变形条带和最终致密粗糙的变形条带。结论不同变形量对材料吕德斯效应、PLC效应、局部变形条带形成影响显著。当变形量较小时,位错密度低,位错增殖速度缓慢,吕德斯效应、PLC效应弱,材料表面无明显变形条带。而当变形量较大时,位错增殖迅速,位错相互缠结,位错与第二相、晶界交互作用,形成位错塞积群和林位错墙,PLC效应剧烈,变形不均,导致表面形成变形条带。

Influences of tool plunge speed and tool plunge depth on friction spot joining of AA5454-O aluminum alloy plates with different thicknesses

AA5454-O aluminum alloy plates with the thicknesses of 1.4 and 1.0 mm were friction-spot-joined (FSJed).The plunge speed of the joining tool was changed in a range of 100 500 mm/min under a constant rotation speed of 500 r/min.The plunge depth was ranged from 1.6 mm to 2.2 mm.The tool plunge speed did not make a remarkable effect on the surface appearance and macro-structure of the FSJed zone.The average hardness of the FSJed zone was greater than or equal to that of the base metal.However,there was no remarkable tendency in the average hardness change of the FSJed zone in spite of the variation in the tool plunge speed and tool plunge depth.The increase of the tool plunge depth resulted in the increase of the tensile shear load.However,the change of the tool plunge speed did not lead to the remarkable variation in the tensile shear load of the FSJed plates.It was noteworthy that the FSJed plate exhibited the highest tensile shear load of about 4.0 kN.

Recrystallization model for hot-rolling of 5182 aluminum alloy

A recrystallization model for hot rolling of 5182 aluminum alloy was presented by means of the fractional softening during double interval deformation. It is found that the recrystallization rate depends on strain rate more sensitively than deformation temperature, and the time for full recrystallization is very short as strain rate is greater than 1?s -1 . Using the recrystallization—time—temperature curves, the desirable hot rolled microstructure can be obtained by controlling the rolling speed, temperature and cooling rate before cooling during the last pass in reversing mill.[

Friction stir butt welding of A5052-O aluminum alloy plates

Friction stir butt welding (FSW) between A5052-O aluminum alloy plates with a thickness of 2 mm was performed.The rotation speeds of the welding tool were 2000 and 3000 r/min,respectively.The traverse speed was ranged from 100 mm/min to 900 mm/min.The defect-free welds with the very smooth surface morphology were successfully obtained,except for at the welding condition of 3000 r/min and 100 mm/min.The onion ring structure was observed in the friction-stir-welded zone (SZ) at the condition of 2000 r/min and 100 mm/min.For all the welding conditions,the grain size of the SZ was smaller than that of the base metal,and was decreased with the decrease of the tool rotation speed and with the increase of the tool traverse speed.The stir zone exhibited higher average hardness than the base metal.The decrease of the tool rotation speed and the increase of the tool traverse speed resulted in the increase in the average hardness of the SZ.The tensile strength of the FSWed plates was similar to that of the base metal,except for at the welding condition of 3000 r/min and 100 mm/min.The total elongation of the FSWed plates was lower than that of the base metal.

Influence of tool plunge depth and welding distance on friction stir lap welding of AA5454-O aluminum alloy plates with different thicknesses

AA5454-O aluminum alloy plates with thicknesses of 1.4 and 1.0 mm were friction-stir-lap-welded (FSLWed).The influences of the tool plunge depth and welding distance on surface appearance,macrostructure and mechanical properties of the FSLWed plates were experimentally investigated.The tensile shear load of the FSLWed plates was compared with that of the adhesive-bonded plates.Defect-free FSLWed zones were successfully obtained in all the tool plunge depths and the welding distances.The FSLWed zones exhibited the relatively smooth surface morphologies.Under all the FSLWed conditions,the FSLWed zone exhibited higher average hardness than the base metal.In addition,the upper plate exhibited a higher average hardness than the lower plate,although there was no special tendency in spite of the change in the tool plunge depth and the welding distance.The maximum tensile shear load of the FSLWed plates was much higher than that of the adhesive-bonded aluminum alloy plate.Especially,under the FSLW condition of the plunge depth of 1.8 mm and the welding distance of 40 mm,the tensile shear load of the FSLWed plate reached a level about 41% greater than that of the adhesive-bonded aluminum alloy plate.In addition,the maximum tensile shear load of the FSLWed plate was increased with the increase of the welding distance.

稳定化处理和Cu元素含量对罐盖用5182铝合金板材β相分布的影响

研究了两种Cu元素含量的罐盖用5182铝合金成品板材经不同温度稳定化处理后的β相分布情况。结果表明:(1)当稳定化温度低于120℃时,两种板材均有大量β相沿晶界和剪切带连续析出;当稳定化温度为160℃时,两种板材β相连续析出现象显著减少;当稳定化温度高于160℃时,随稳定化温度的升高,β相连续析出现象逐渐减少;当稳定化温度为220℃时,β相分布最均匀,无明显连续析出现象,推测此时材料的抗应力腐蚀断裂敏感性最佳。(2)Cu元素质量分数为0.1%的5182板材比Cu元素质量分数为0.06%的5182板材β相析出更少,分布更均匀。

5182铝合金罐车料热轧表面起皮原因及对策

某公司生产5182铝合金罐车料时,部分产品表面出现热轧起皮缺陷导致产品报废,损失较大。经研究发现,5182铝合金罐车料热轧起皮的原因为铸锭质量不良,局部有较多数量的铝镁氧化物夹渣。鉴于此,强化熔铸炉内精炼效果,并提高在线过滤精度,新生产的5182铝合金铸锭热轧未再出现问题,保证了5182铝合金罐车料产品稳定供货。

预拉伸对5182-O和5754-O铝合金屈服平台的影响

O状态的高Mg含量铝合金室温变形时材料表面容易出现吕德斯带。为了深入了解其机制,试验研究了不同预拉伸变形量对5182-O和5754-O铝合金板屈服平台的影响,并且对预拉伸试样进行了TEM分析。试验结果表明:随着预拉伸量的增加屈服平台长度减少,预变形量达到1.0%时屈服平台消失,同时屈服平台的长度与合金成分有关。TEM分析表明位错密度对5182-O和5754-O铝合金的屈服平台的形成起关键作用。

压边圈类型对5182-O铝合金薄板室温拉深性能的影响（英文）

采用平面和曲面两种压边圈来研究压边圈类型对5182-O铝合金板材室温拉深性能的影响。通过光学显微镜(OM)来研究铝合金板材的显微组织。结果表明:使用平面压边圈的极限拉深比为1.7,而且拉深杯出现了严重的制耳。相比之下,使用曲面压边圈,板材的极限拉深比提高到2.0。曲面压边圈提供的压边力能弱化制耳,阻止板材法兰起皱,这是因为板材在曲面压边圈作用下,在不同方向的流动更均匀。

5182-O铝合金板材自冲铆接工艺参数对接头组织和性能的影响

在D、F两种底模作用下,采用4种长度的铆钉(5.0 mm、5.5 mm、6.0 mm和6.5 mm)对5182-O铝合金板材1.5 mm+1.5 mm组合接头进行自冲铆接试验,对接头剖切面进行关键特征值测量,利用EBSD、硬度测试及拉伸试验对接头的组织和强度、吸能进行了研究;并基于5182-O板材在不同应变速率下的本构模型及Johnson-Cook损伤模型,建立自冲铆接成形过程模型,并与试验结果进行对比验证。结果表明:随着铆钉长度的增加,接头的强度、吸能呈先提高后降低的变化趋势,铆钉长度为6.0 mm时,接头性能最佳;在相同铆钉长度下,D组接头力学性能明显高于F组,原因是D组接头板材变形程度明显大于F组,加工硬化程度更高。利用DEFORM-2D软件对自冲铆接成形过程进行模拟,仿真结果与真实试验误差在15%以内,验证了模型的准确性。

Numerical simulation on microstructural evolution during multipass hot-rolling of aluminum alloys

Numerical simulation on microstructural evolution during multipass hot rolling of aluminum alloys was performed by using DEFORM TM software and incorporating Zener Hollomon parameter Z . The distributions of equivalent stress, equivalent strain, equivalent strain rate and temperature, as well as the distribution of recrystallization fraction through the thickness of deformed specimen during multipass hot rolling of 5182 aluminum alloy, were all calculated. The results agree well with the metallographic examination of the deformed specimen on Gleeble 1500. [

6016-T4和5182-O铝合金回填式搅拌摩擦点焊力学性能研究

利用回填式搅拌摩擦点焊(FSSW)技术焊接6016-T4和5182-O异种金属接头,研究其显微组织及力学性能。以剪切拉伸性能为评价指标,得出最优工艺参数是:下压深度1.5 mm,旋转速度2200 r/min,焊接时间2.5 s,平均剪切力2 950 N。疲劳极限载荷F=296 N,疲劳断裂时裂纹起源于上下板搭接处,同时向板厚和板宽方向扩展。接头显微组织中没有铸态的柱状晶,均为等轴晶和较母材晶粒略有长大的组织,接头性能良好。

Hot-compression behavior of Al alloy 5182

Hot-compression of aluminum alloy 5182 was carried out on a Gleeble-1500 thermo-simulator at deformation temperatureranging from 350 °C to 500 °C and at strain rate from 0.01 s 1to 10 s 1with strain range from 0.7 to 1.9. The microstructures andmacro-textures evolution under different conditions were investigated by polarized optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis,respectively. The basic trend is that the hot-compression stress increases with the decrease of temperature and increase of strain rate,which is revealed and elucidated in terms of Zener-Hollomon parameter in the hyperbolic sine equation with the hot-deformationactivation energy of 143.5 kJ/mol. An empirical constitutive equation is proposed to predict the hot-deformation behavior underdifferent conditions. As deformation temperature increases up to 400 °C, at strain rate over 1 s 1, dynamic recrystallization (DRX)occurs. Cube orientation {100} 001 is detected in the recrystallized sample after hot-compression.

5182铝合金易开盖开裂的原因与改善措施

针对5182铝合金易开盖开裂问题,结合罐盖料生产和制盖工艺特点,系统分析了漏盖和爆盖原因,并提出相应的改善措施。易开盖的开裂原因包括熔体夹渣,盖料力学性能异常偏高,表面涂蜡量不足,制盖过程异物压入,应力腐蚀,刻线不均,残余金属厚度过薄,等等。相应的改善措施:盖料熔铸生产时使用更高精度的板式过滤器;盖料设定合适的涂蜡量和力学性能控制范围,重点监控涂漆后盖料的实际力学性能;制盖过程控制刻线和清洁生产;易开盖使用、存储和运输环节中保持干燥,必要时进行“暖罐”处理,避免应力腐蚀导致的铝易开盖爆盖问题。采取以上措施后,易开盖开裂问题得到解决。

罐盖用5182铝合金熔铸过程夹杂物的演变规律

重点研究了罐盖用5182铝合金熔铸过程中夹杂物的演变规律。采用PoDFA(Porous Disc Filtration Apparatus)开展离线测渣分析,考察了熔铸线上典型位置(精炼前保温炉内、静置后保温炉出口、在线除气后、深床过滤后)夹杂物的种类及含量。结果表明:利用电解铝生产5182铝合金铸锭,保温炉内及保温炉出口的熔体夹杂物含量偏高,分别为0.371 mm^(2)/kg、0.249 mm^(2)/kg,夹杂物以氧化物夹杂为主,同时含有一定量的TiB2颗粒和骨粉(Bone ash)。经在线除气后,夹杂物含量有一定程度的降低(降低0.182 mm2/kg),氧化物夹杂含量明显降低,TiB2颗粒含量大幅增加。经深床过滤后,夹杂物的含量降至0.019 mm^(2)/kg,绝大部分的夹杂物被去除,夹杂物的种类为少量的氧化物夹杂和TiB2颗粒。通过合理选择深床过滤参数,可有效保证最终产品的质量。

汽车用5182铝合金板材的温拉伸流变行为

在变形温度为323～573 K、应变速率为0.001～0.1/s条件下,采用Instron?8032电子拉伸实验机对汽车用5182铝合金板的流变行为进行研究,采用修正后的Fields-Backofen方程描述5182铝合金温拉伸时的流变行为,建立5182铝合金在温拉伸时的应力-应变本构模型。结果表明:在同一应变速率下,合金的流变应力随温度升高而降低;对于较高温度(448、523和573 K)、较低应变速率(ε=0.001/s),合金的流变应力出现明显的峰值应力,表现出动态再结晶特征;随着应变速率增加,合金的流变应力呈现稳态,表现出动态回复特征。

汽车用5182铝合金的温拉深成形性能

在变形温度为303～573K,拉深速度为0.1～1.5mm/s,压边力为2.0～3.5N/mm2的条件下,采用差温拉深试验,对汽车用5182铝合金板拉深成形性能进行研究。研究结果表明:5182铝合金的极限拉深比LDR并不随着变形温度的升高而单调增加,在523K时达到最大值2.5,之后随着温度的继续升高,极限拉深比反而下降;当压边力小于3.0N/mm2时,随着压边力的增加,LDR逐渐增大,但当压边力超过3.0N/mm2时,LDR迅速减小;5182铝合金板低速拉深时的成形性能(小于0.5mm/s)比快速拉深的成形性能好。

电磁铸造5182铝合金锭的组织与性能研究

采用电磁铸造技术铸造了易拉罐用5182变形铝合金,采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜分析了其显微组织,而且对其进行了均匀化处理和对比实验.结果表明,电磁铸造锭有更加良好的内部组织和优良的力学性能,电磁铸造试样的硬度大约是普通连续铸造试样的两倍,疲劳性能是普通连续铸造铸锭的3倍,电磁铸造铸锭还有良好的耐磨性.电磁铸造锭的优良性能得宜于电磁搅拌的作用使整个铸锭获得均匀细小的晶粒组织.电磁铸造技术是一种无模铸造技术,它依靠电磁力约束液体金属成型,液体金属不与铸模接触,铸锭表面光滑如镜;相反,普通连续铸造锭表面因存在振动痕和亚表面偏析等铸造缺陷,力学性能大大降低.

汽车用5182铝合金板温冲压实验研究及数值模拟

以5182铝合金板本构方程为基础,采用ABAQUS有限元模拟软件对5182铝合金板温冲压过程进行数值模拟,研究冲压温度和冲压速度等工艺因素对板材成形性能的影响;通过温冲压实验探讨5182铝合金板在不同冲压温度、冲压速度下的极限拉深比(LDR)。实验及模拟结果表明:冲压速度为0.1 mm/s时,合金的LDR值并非随着温度的升高而单调增加;冲压温度为523 K时,随着冲压速度的增加,LDR值逐渐降低;5182铝合金板的冲压性能主要受变形过程中板材的温度梯度与应变速率的影响;模拟结果与实验结果具有良好的一致性。