5E原则在预防老年癌症患者术后跌倒护理中的应用价值

目的 探究5E原则在预防老年癌症患者术后跌倒护理中的应用价值。方法 选取厦门大学附属第一医院2020年11月—2021年11月期间收治的85例老年癌症患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为常规组(42例)和观察组(43例)。常规组采用常规护理,观察组采用5E原则护理,对比2组满意度评分、霍普金斯跌倒风险评估量表评分、生活质量测定量表(European Organization for research and treatment of cancer quality of life questionnaire,EORTC QLQ-C30)评分。结果 观察组满意度评分明显高于常规组(P<0.05);护理后,观察组霍普金斯跌倒风险评估量表评分明显低于常规组(P<0.05),EORTC QLQ-C30评分也明显低于常规组(P<0.05)。结论 采取5E原则护理可以有效减小老年癌症患者术后跌倒风险,提高患者的生活质量,患者满意度高。

5E原则在预防老年癌症患者跌倒护理中的应用

目的探讨5E原则在预防老年癌症患者跌倒护理中的运用效果。方法 2009年5月～2010年8月本院共收治老年癌症患者200例,随机分为观察组和对照组各100例。对照组采用常规护理,观察组在此基础上运用5E原则的护理干预模式,采用问卷调查法进行效果评价。结果观察组患者在预防跌倒知识的掌握情况和跌倒发生率方面与对照组比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论 5E原则护理干预模式的应用可明显提高患者的自护能力,促进患者早日康复。

引入海外临床数据时要考虑人种因素:ICH E5指导原则在国际药物开发中的作用

The discovery and development of new drugs is an expensive and lengthy process that can cost several hundred million dollars and over a decade of development. The need to repeat large-scale clinical trials in new regions for a drug already deemed safe and efficient for human use in a specific ICH region adds to the cost and delays availability of potentially useful medications in the new region. A case can also be made that this represents unnecessary human experimentation in some instances. The adoption of the ICH E5 guidance by Japan, US, EU has led to more streamlined development and made important new drugs available more quickly in new regions. Central to this is the concept of a bridging study. A bridging study, while it can have multiple objectives and can take one of several designs, allows one to extrapolate to a new region, safety and efficacy data obtained in a foreign region. Clinical pharmacology principles play a key role in the E5 process and help determine the nature and extent of the bridging study. Thus, a medicinal agent is characterized as less or more sensitive to ethnic factors based on PK/PD characteristics. These include pharmacokinetic linearity or lack thereof, flat or steep dose/effect response curve, single or multiple pathways of metabolism, low potential for drug-drug and drug food interactions, and high or low bioavailability. In addition to PK/PD principles, several other aspects need to be considered. These include medical practice and conduct of clinical trials in different regions. If a medicinal agent is ethnically insensitive based on PK/PD characteristics, and medical practice and clinical conduct are similar between two regions, a bridging study may not be needed. On the other hand, a drug which is characterized as more sensitive to ethnic factors is likely to need more extensive bridging studies, or if necessary, confirmatory clinical trials. Thus, the ICH E5 guidance provides a rational scientific framework by which decisions on extrapolation of data obtained in foreign regions can be made. The rapid adoption of this framework is especially noticeable in Japan, where the successful registration of new drugs using principles of the ICH E5 guidance has been increasing since the guidance went into effect. Using several examples of drugs that have been successfully registered using the ICH E5 guidance, the central role of PK/PD principles and approaches will be highlighted. The importance of this guidance for emerging large pharmaceutical markets such as China will also be discussed.

低碳绩效审计“5E”评价指标体系构建与评价方法研究

低碳审计是我国节能减排的一项重要措施,对我国的低碳经济发展具有重大意义。低碳绩效审计作为低碳审计的一个重要部分,也十分重要。因此,在开展低碳绩效审计相关工作时,应当建立一套完整的、全面的低碳绩效审计评价指标体系,对碳排放量的削减和环境的改善等方面进行更加全面、综合地评价。文章依据“5E”原则,从经济性、效率性、效果性、环境性、公平性这五个方面建立了一套低碳绩效审计评价指标体系,并进一步以中石化为例,利用层次分析法进行权重赋值和采用环境优值模型来进行绩效审计评价。研究结论能为低碳绩效审计提供较为可行的评价指标,以为低碳审计政策制定提供参考依据。

探讨“5E”伤害预防策略对住院高血压老年患者跌倒坠床风险的影响

目的:采取“5E”伤害预防策略对住院高血压老年患者进行跌倒坠床风险管理,为临床护理中降低老年住院患者跌倒坠床发生率提供科学护理手段。方法:采用随机抽样法选取中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九四〇医院中医康复科高血压老年患者90例随机分为两组各45例,对照组实施病区常规护理,试验组入院后进行详细系列护理评估、健康宣教预防、病房环境改善、工程学改善以及深入强化护理人员及患者家属遵医嘱执行“5E”伤害预防对策。结果:试验组患者跌倒坠床的发生率低于对照组,跌倒坠床的认知率以及对护理工作的满意度高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:“5E”预防策略有利于提高高血压老年患者跌倒坠床的认知率,降低跌倒坠床的发生率,提高患者人身安全和对护理人员及护理工作的满意度。

宝钢股份碳绩效评价指标体系构建

“双碳”愿景代表的是全球人民的期盼,对世界可持续发展、人类命运共同体都有着非凡的意义。本文对碳绩效的研究放在指标体系这一环,在对相关研究进行了解、学习后决定使用“5E”视角并以钢铁行业中的龙头企业——宝钢股份为例,通过经济性、效率性、效果性、环境性、公平性等五个维度对碳绩效指标进行选取,搭建评价体系。

我国房地产宏观调控绩效评价分析

2003年以来,我国政府实施了一系列政策对房地产市场进行宏观调控,以促进房地产市场的健康发展,对房地产宏观调控绩效评价可以检验调控政策有效性。本文首先按照经济性、效率性、效果性、公平性、生态性目标构建了房地产宏观调控的绩效评价指标体系,并且建立了我国房地产市场宏观绩效评价模型,最后利用建立的房地产宏观调控绩效评价体系对2011年上海市宏观调控效果进行实证分析,并得出相关的政策建议。