A 5G Perspective of an SDN-Based Privacy-Preserving Scheme for IoT Networks

The ever-increasing needs of Internet of Things networks (IoTn) present considerable issues in computing complexity, security, trust, and authentication, among others. This gets increasingly more challenging as technology advances, and its use expands. As a consequence, boosting the capacity of these networks has garnered widespread attention. As a result, 5G, the next phase of cellular networks, is expected to be a game-changer, bringing with it faster data transmission rates, more capacity, improved service quality, and reduced latency. However, 5G networks continue to confront difficulties in establishing pervasive and dependable connections amongst high-speed IoT devices. Thus, to address the shortcomings in current recommendations, we present a unified architecture based on software-defined networks (SDNs) that provides 5G-enabled devices that must have complete secrecy. Through SDN, the architecture streamlines network administration while optimizing network communications. A mutual authentication protocol using elliptic curve cryptography is introduced for mutual authentication across certificate authorities and clustered heads in IoT network deployments based on IoT. Again, a dimensionality reduction intrusion detection mechanism is introduced to decrease computational cost and identify possible network breaches. However, to leverage the method’s potential, the initial module's security is reviewed. The second module is evaluated and compared to modern models.

A blockchain-based trustworthy collaborative power trading scheme for 5G-enabled social internet of vehicles

Social Internet of Vehicles(SIoV)falls under the umbrella of social Internet of Things(IoT),where vehicles are socially connected to other vehicles and roadside units that can reliably share information and services with other social entities by leveraging the capabilities of 5G technology,which brings new opportunities and challenges,e.g.,collaborative power trading can address the mileage anxiety of electric vehicles.However,it relies on a trusted central party for scheduling,which introduces performance bottlenecks and cannot be set up in a distributed network,in addition,the lack of transparency in state-of-the-art Vehicle-to-Vehicle(V2V)power trading schemes can introduce further trust issues.In this paper,we propose a blockchain-based trustworthy collaborative power trading scheme for 5G-enabled social vehicular networks that uses a distributed market mechanism to introduce trusted power trading and avoids the dependence on a centralized dispatch center.Based on the game theory,we design the pricing and trading matching mechanism for V2V power trading to obtain maximum social welfare.We use blockchain to record power trading data for trusted pricing and use smart contracts for transaction matching.The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in improving social welfare and reducing the load on the grid.

High Performance Electrically Small Huygens Rectennas Enable Wirelessly Powered Internet of Things Sensing Applications:A Review

Far-field wireless power transfer(WPT)is a major breakthrough technology that will enable the many anticipated ubiquitous Internet of Things(IoT)applications associated with fifth generation(5G),sixth generation(6G),and beyond wireless ecosystems.Rectennas,which are the combination of rectifying circuits and antennas,are the most critical components in far-field WPT systems.However,compact application devices require even smaller integrated rectennas that simultaneously have large electromagnetic wave capture capabilities,high alternating current(AC)-to-direct current(DC)(AC-to-DC)conversion efficiencies,and facilitate a multifunctional wireless performance.This paper reviews various rectenna miniaturization techniques such as meandered planar inverted-F antenna(PIFA)rectennas;miniaturized monopole-and dipole-based rectennas;fractal loop and patch rectennas;dielectric-loaded rectennas;and electrically small near-field resonant parasitic rectennas.Their performance characteristics are summarized and then compared with our previously developed electrically small Huygens rectennas that are proven to be more suitable for IoT applications.They have been tailored,for example,to achieve batteryfree IoT sensors as is demonstrated in this paper.Battery-free,wirelessly powered devices are smaller and lighter in weight in comparison to battery-powered devices.Moreover,they are environmentally friendly and,hence,have a significant societal benefit.A series of high-performance electrically small Huygens rectennas are presented including Huygens linearly-polarized(HLP)and circularly-polarized(HCP)rectennas;wirelessly powered IoT sensors based on these designs;and a dual-functional HLP rectenna and antenna system.Finally,two linear uniform HLP rectenna array systems are considered for significantly larger wireless power capture.Example arrays illustrate how they can be integrated advantageously with DC or radio frequency(RF)power-combining schemes for practical IoT applications.

A Review of Road Accidents Detection through Wireless Technology—5G, MIMO and Internet of Things

Road transport is been used for moving people and all kinds of goods throughout the world. However, it is one mode of transportation that is prone to accidents and it faces a plethora of never-ending challenges, such as the frequent loss of lives and valuables when accident occurs. The best course of action to handle these issues is to set up an autonomous incident detection system using wireless communication, 5G technologies and the Internet of Things. IoT is a seamless technology that increases the connectivity between humans and machines. It is web-based, and improves communication between vehicle to vehicle, vehicle to infrastructures, transfer of data and information to predict incident occurrences through various networks and frameworks such as eCall, OneM2M and integration of mobile broadband. Additionally, internet of things is being adopted for public safety;for instance, it can speed up first responders’ response times to situations by displaying the best routes to a scene of an accident. The rapid development of 5G is happening in parallel with developments of internet of things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and smart platforms for novel applications such as mission-critical communications. 5G is a new generation technology that operates on the Ultra High Spectrum Band UHSB. It is an innovation that uses the pedestrians-vehicle-road-cloud, and the communication between vehicle locations and temperature of high-quality connection. It is essential for intelligent transport systems because it allows for information sharing, prediction of incidences as safety is the primary concern of road transport. This review examines accident detection through 5G technology, integrated mobile broadband, and multiple inputs multiple outputs (MIMO) wireless system. Finally, we conclude by examining recent technology, challenges, present and future research trends.

一种基于NB-IoT的智能井盖监测系统设计

针对城市井盖保有量大、安全事故频发、人工巡检困难、管理组织混乱等问题,提出一种基于窄带物联网(NB-IoT)技术的窨井盖自动监测系统。该系统以STM32作为主控模块,包含倾角、水位等传感器,实现对井盖状态以及井内重点数据的采集,配合云端服务器和客户端完成井盖数据远程可视化显示。结果表明,所提系统可以实现故障井盖自动报警、精确定位,降低人工巡检的难度,让城市井盖管理更加智能化,让故障检修更加便捷化,提高城市管理的智能化水平。

A Green Paradigm for Internet of Things: Ambient Backscatter Communications

Internet of Things (IoT) has attracted extensive interest from both academia and industries, and is recognized as an ultimate infrastructure to connect everything at anytime and anywhere. The implementation of IoT generally faces the challenges from energy constraint and implementation cost. In this paper, we will introduce a new green communication paradigm, the ambient backscatter (AmBC), that could utilize the environmental wireless signals for both powering a tiny-cost device and backscattering the information symbols. Specifically, we will present the basic principles of AmBC, analyze its features and advantages, suggest its open problems, and predict its potential applications for our future IoT.

Directed Acyclic Graph Blockchain for Secure Spectrum Sharing and Energy Trading in Power IoT

Peer-to-peer(P2P)spectrum sharing and energy trading are promising solutions to locally satisfy spectrum and energy demands in power Internet of Things(IoT).However,implementation of largescale P2P spectrum sharing and energy trading confronts security and privacy challenges.In this paper,we exploit consortium blockchain and Directed Acyclic Graph(DAG)to propose a new secure and distributed spectrum sharing and energy trading framework in power IoT,named spectrum-energy chain,where a set of local aggregators(LAGs)cooperatively confirm the identity of the power devices by utilizing consortium blockchain,so as to form a main chain.Then,the local power devices verify spectrum and energy micro-transactions simultaneously but asynchronously to form local spectrum tangle and local energy tangle,respectively.Moreover,an iterative double auction based micro transactions scheme is designed to solve the spectrum and energy pricing and the amount of shared spectrum and energy among power devices.Security analysis and numerical results illustrate that the developed spectrum-energy chain and the designed iterative double auction based microtransactions scheme are secure and efficient for spectrum sharing and energy trading in power IoT.

DDoS Detection for 6G Internet of Things: Spatial-Temporal Trust Model and New Architecture

With the rapid development of the sixth generation(6G)network and Internet of Things(IoT),it has become extremely challenging to efficiently detect and prevent the distributed denial of service(DDoS)attacks originating from IoT devices.In this paper we propose an innovative trust model for IoT devices to prevent potential DDoS attacks by evaluating their trustworthiness,which can be deployed in the access network of 6G IoT.Based on historical communication behaviors,this model combines spatial trust and temporal trust values to comprehensively characterize the normal behavior patterns of IoT devices,thereby effectively distinguishing attack traffic.Experimental results show that the proposed method can efficiently distinguish normal traffic from DDoS traffic.Compared with the benchmark methods,our method has advantages in terms of both accuracy and efficiency in identifying attack flows.

The Roles of 5G Mobile Broadband in the Development of IoT, Big Data, Cloud and SDN

The fast technology development of 5G mobile broadband (5G), Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data Analytics (Big Data), Cloud Computing (Cloud) and Software Defined Networks (SDN) has made those technologies one after another and created strong interdependence among one another. For example, IoT applications that generate small data with large volume and fast velocity will need 5G with characteristics of high data rate and low latency to transmit such data faster and cheaper. On the other hand, those data also need Cloud to process and to store and furthermore, SDN to provide scalable network infrastructure to transport this large volume of data in an optimal way. This article explores the technical relationships among the development of IoT, Big Data, Cloud, and SDN in the coming 5G era and illustrates several ongoing programs and applications at National Chiao Tung University that are based on the converging of those technologies.

Cloud control for IIoT in a cloud-edge environment

The industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)is a new indus-trial idea that combines the latest information and communica-tion technologies with the industrial economy.In this paper,a cloud control structure is designed for IIoT in cloud-edge envi-ronment with three modes of 5G.For 5G based IIoT,the time sensitive network(TSN)service is introduced in transmission network.A 5G logical TSN bridge is designed to transport TSN streams over 5G framework to achieve end-to-end configuration.For a transmission control protocol(TCP)model with nonlinear disturbance,time delay and uncertainties,a robust adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller(AFSMC)is given with control rule parameters.IIoT workflows are made up of a series of subtasks that are linked by the dependencies between sensor datasets and task flows.IIoT workflow scheduling is a non-deterministic polynomial(NP)-hard problem in cloud-edge environment.An adaptive and non-local-convergent particle swarm optimization(ANCPSO)is designed with nonlinear inertia weight to avoid falling into local optimum,which can reduce the makespan and cost dramatically.Simulation and experiments demonstrate that ANCPSO has better performances than other classical algo-rithms.

基于eDRX模式的NB-IoT阀控水表的研究

当前市场上NB-IoT电池供电阀控水表使用PSM模式,关阀期间通过增加上报频率,尽可能降低阀控响应延时。但上报频率的增加会造成功耗的显著增加,功耗和阀控响应延时两个变量相互制约,为满足电池使用寿命,一般阀控期间上报频率1小时,阀控响应实时性低,时延达1小时。针对该问题,提出一种在不增加功耗的前提下,缩短阀控响应时延的方法。该方法通过基于NB-IoT技术的eDRX模式,采用网络快速释放方法并优化通讯交互逻辑,实现缩短阀控响应时延并降低整机功耗。测试结果显示,与现有PSM模式的阀控水表相比,电池使用年限正常,阀控响应时延由1小时降低至40.96秒,对阀控水表产品未来的发展具有一定的参考意义。

面向物联网的NB-IoT低功耗通信协议优化研究

文章深入研究物联网中的窄带物联网(Narrow Band Internet of Things,NB-IoT)技术,重点探讨基于省电模式(Power Saving Mode,PSM)机制的优化方法,分析NB-IoT的数学原理,研究一种基于PSM机制的动态调整算法,并利用MATLAB平台上的Simulink工具进行仿真实验。实验结果显示,相比传统方法,文章方法能显著降低平均功耗,在实际应用中具有有效性和稳定性。

NB-IoT中的通信数据传输优化方法

文章旨在探讨窄带物联网(Narrow Band Internet of Things,NB-IoT)中通信数据传输的优化方法。通过分析NB-IoT的特点和数据传输过程中的瓶颈,提出一系列针对性的优化策略,包括数据压缩与封装优化、数据聚合与帧结构设计、时间间隔调整与功耗控制、自适应重传机制以及网络优化与协议改进等,以提高NB-IoT的数据传输效率并降低能耗,为NB-IoT的进一步发展和应用提供参考。

一种基于NB-IoT的无线井下数据采集终端设计

针对城市窨井数量大、位置分散、安全事故频发、管理困难等问题,设计出一种基于窄带物联网技术(Narrow Band Internet of Things,NB-IoT)的井下数据无线采集终端。终端采用低功耗STM32芯片作为主控制器,NB-IoT无线通信模块采用BC26模组,数据采集终端具有自动采集数据、主动预警、初始蓝牙配置等功能。实验结果表明:所设计的无线采集终端功耗低、稳定性高,让城市井盖管理更加智能化,让故障检修更加便捷化,提高城市管理的智能化水平。

Energy-Efficient Power Allocation for IoT Devices in CR-NOMA Networks

Non-orthogonal multiple access is a promising technique to meet the harsh requirements for the internet of things devices in cognitive radio networks.To improve the energy efficiency(EE)of the unlicensed secondary users(SU),a power allocation(PA)algorithm with polynomial complexity is investigated.We first establish the feasible range of power consumption ratio using Karush-Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions to support each SU’s minimum quality of service and the effectiveness of successive interference cancellation.Then,we formulate the EE optimization problem considering the total transmit power requirements which leads to a non-convex fractional programming problem.To efficiently solve the problem,we divide it into an inner-layer and outer-layer optimization sub-problems.The inner-layer optimization which is formulated to maximize the sub-carrier PA coefficients can be transformed into the difference of convex programming by using the first-order Taylor expansion.Based on the solution of the inner-layer optimization sub-problem,the concave-convex fractional programming problem of the outer-layer optimization sub-problem may be converted into the Lagrangian relaxation model employing the Dinkelbach algorithm.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has a faster convergence speed than the simulated annealing algorithm,while the average system EE loss is only less than 2%.

雾化零信任组件的5G电力失陷终端威胁检测

5G技术在电力行业的普及推进了海量电力终端接入网络,但众多电力终端暴露在互联网中,攻击者可以先入侵脆弱的电力终端进行远程控制,然后以失陷终端作为跳板,纵向渗透到5G电力物联网内部从而窃取敏感数据。零信任的出现为失陷终端威胁检测提供了可能,然而电力终端分布具有广泛性,致使中心化零信任安全架构无法直接应用于5G电力物联网。提出一种雾化零信任组件的失陷终端威胁检测方案。采用分布式多点方式将零信任组件雾化部署到电力终端周围,并设计一套宕机组件应急响应流程用于及时发现单点失效的零信任组件。建立一种突发信任评估模型,充分利用安装在电力终端的零信任代理持续性地收集终端行为因素,从中提取突发因子并量化反映到信任值,以快速发现和阻断具有突发异常行为的失陷终端。仿真结果表明,该方案能有效缓解零信任组件部署于5G电力物联网时的检测压力,在失陷终端比例为20%的条件下对突变异常失陷终端的检测率高达92.3%,具有较好的非法访问抑制效果。

基于NB-IoT的低功耗野生保护动物监测系统研制

针对野生保护动物跟踪与监测的低功耗、远程监测、可定制、低成本要求,提出了基于窄带物联网(narrow band internet of things,NB-IoT)的分布式系统设计方案,给出了高效能耗管理、并发通信处理、网络透传关键技术的解决方法。系统由跟踪器和监测信息系统组成,跟踪器包括NB-IoT通信与定位模块、低功耗微控制器、锂电池太阳能复合供电组件、高效率电源转换器;监测信息系统包括数据通信设备、服务器和监控终端。实验表明:系统能长期远程采集动物的位置并在WEB地图上显示实时位置和活动轨迹,能对数据进行定制化统计分析并生成报表,跟踪器平均功耗小于50 mW,平均定位误差小于20 m。系统监测范围大、成本低,已试用于某野生动物保护站,效果良好。

基于5G通信技术的改进电力物联网架构研究

针对电力物联网(IoT)数据传输量低、通信速度慢的问题,通过融合5G技术对电力IoT通信系统进行改进。设计云边协同组织架构,保证三维层级间的串联性,加强数据交互。在设计终端直通(D2D)通信模型时,应用即安全设备管理器(SDM)算法,能够计算出各信道的误码率(BER),并提出抑制方案。该研究能够避免数据传输信道的阻塞。在信息控制时,采用了现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)技术,实现网络架构控制。通过Proteus软件,对电力IoT通信过程进行仿真。试验结果表明,该电力IoT通信系统总数据量最高为47.5 TB、通信速度为9.16 MB/s、算法编制平均BER为0.54%,大大提高了IoT数据信息通信能力。

Security Attacks on the IoT Network with 5G Wireless Communication

The term Internet of Things has increased in popularity in recent years and has spread to be used in many applications around us,such as healthcare applications,smart homes and smart cities,IoT is a group of smart devices equipped with sensors that have the ability to calculate data,and carry out actions in the environment in which they are located,they are connected to each other through the Internet and recently it has become supported by 5G technology due to many advantages such as its ability to provide a fast connection,despite the efficiency of the IoT supported by the five G technology,it is subject to many security challenges.In this paper,we conducted a comprehensive review of previous research related to the security requirements of the IoT and security attacks.

基于5G通信技术发展视域下的物联网产业链发展

5G通信技术的大规模应用对物联网(Internet of Things,IoT)的产业发展起到了极大的推动.研究了5G通信技术发展视域下物联网产业链的总体架构、产业规模、应用特点,给出了多个具体应用场景实例,并对基于5G通信技术的物联网产业链尚存问题及未来发展进行了探讨.