Cooperative Relay Networks Based on the OAM Technique for 5G Applications

Orbital Angular Momentum(OAM)is an intrinsic property of electro-magnetic waves.Great research has been witnessed in the last decades aiming at exploiting the OAM wave property in different areas in radio and optics.One pro-mising area of particular interest is to enhance the efficiency of the available communications spectrum.However,adopting OAM-based solutions is not priceless as these suffer from wave divergence especially when the OAM order is high.This shall limit the practical communications distance,especially in the radio regime.In this paper,we propose a cooperative OAM relaying system consisting of a source,relay,and destination.Relays help the source to transmit packets to the destination by providing an alternative connection between source and desti-nation.This cooperative solution aims on the one hand,through best-path selection,on increasing the communications range.On the other hand,through the parallel transmission orders allowed by OAM carrying waves,the system could raise its total transmission throughput.Simulation results show that combining a cooperative relay with OAM improves the system throughput compared to using each element separately.In addition,the proposed cooperative relaying OAM out-performs the cooperative relaying non-orthogonal multiple access scheme,which is a key spectrally efficient technique used in 5G technology.

Cooperative NOMA Based on OAM Transmission for Beyond 5G Applications

Cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)is heavily studied in the literature as a solution for 5G and beyond 5G applications.Cooperative NOMA transmits a superimposed version of all users’messages simultaneously with the aid of a relay,after that,each user decodes its own message.Accordingly,NOMA is deemed as a spectral efficient technique.Another emerging technique exploits orbital angular momentum(OAM),where OAM is an attractive character of electromagnetic waves.OAM gathered a great deal of attention in recent years(similar to the case with NOMA)due to its ability to enhance electromagnetic spectrum exploitation,hence increasing the achieved transmission throughput.However,OAM-based transmission suffers from wave divergence,especially at high OAM orders.This OAM limitation reduces the transmission distance.The distance can be extended via cooperative relays(part of cooperative NOMA).Relay helps the source to transmit packets to the destination by providing an additional connection to handle the transmission and provide a shorter distance between source and destination.In this paper,we propose employing OAM transmission in the cooperative NOMA network.Simulation experiments show that OAM transmission helps cooperative NOMA in achieving higher throughput compared to the conventional cooperative NOMA.Concurrently,the cooperation part of cooperative NOMA eases the divergence problem of OAM.In addition,the proposed system outperforms the standalone cooperative OAM-based solution.

Design of an Interconnection Architecture and Sizing of Two (2) EPC Core Networks: The Case of Orange-Guinea

With the arrival of the 4G and 5G,the telecommunications networks have experienced a large expansion of these networks.That enabled the integration of many services and adequate flow,thus enabling the operators to respond to the growing demand of users.This rapid evolution has given the operators to adapt,their methods to the new technologies that increase.This complexity becomes more important,when these networks include several technologies to access different from the heterogeneous network like in the 4G network.The dimensional new challenges tell the application and the considerable increase in demand for services and the compatibility with existing networks,the management of mobility intercellular of users and it offers a better quality of services.Thus,the proposed solution to meet these new requirements is the sizing of the EPC(Evolved Packet Core)core network to support the 5G access network.For the case of Orange Guinea,this involves setting up an architecture for interconnecting the core networks of Sonfonia and Camayenne.The objectives of our work are of two orders:(1)to propose these solutions and recommendations for the heart network EPC sizing and the deployment to be adopted;(2)supply and architectural interconnection in the heart network EPC and an existing heart network.In our work,the model of traffic in communication that we use to calculate the traffic generated with each technology has link in the network of the heart.

对4G-5G双连接技术的几点探讨

5G网络具有高速率、安全性、可靠性的特征,成为商用通信网络的未来发展趋势,通过对4G-5G网络中的双连接技术的原理进行分析,对解决4G+网络中一些顽固性问题十分有益,结合4G-5G网络应用中的场景,探究了4G-5G网络中双连接技术需要结合的重点问题。

Investigation and Technological Comparison of 4G and 5G Networks

Mobile cellular data networks have allowed users to access the Internet whilst on the move. Many companies use this technology in their products. Examples of this would be Smart Meters in the home and Tesla cars having their “over the air updates”. Both of these two companies use the 4G and 5G technology. So this report will include a technical overview of the technology and protocols (LTE Advanced) used in 4G and 5G networks and how they provide services to the user and how data is transferred within the networks. And there are lots of different parts about the network architecture between the 4G and 5G systems. This report will talk about some different parts between these two systems and some challenges in them.

刍议4G-5G双连接技术

随着我国5G技术的日益成熟,5G无线网络系统的建设,也成为当前网络运营企业技术研究的重要内容。但是随着5G网络建设过程的推进,如何解决5G网络运行中出现的负载不均、切换冗余以及干扰严重等技术问题,提高网络运行质量就成为技术研究的重要组成部分。因此技术研究者提出了利用4G-5G双连接技术措施,开展5G网络建设。

Challenges for beyond 5G:ultra-densification of radio access network

Ultra-densification of radio access network(RAN)is a key to efficiently support the exponentially growing mobile data traffic in 5 G era.Furthermore,extremely high frequency band like mm Wave band was utilized to solve the bandwidth shortage problem.However,untra-dense reusing the same radio resource produced severe interference.And the mm Wave link was very harsh due to frequent blockage by obstacles.Therefore a new RAN architecture needed to be introduced to realize ultra-reliable communications in such a severe radio propagation environment.An architecture of distributed MIMO based RAN was presented.Then,enhanced interference coordination(e IC)was described.Finally,the effectiveness of distributed MIMO based RAN with e IC by computer simulation was showed.

5G组网与部署探讨

5G即将正式商用,5G网络部署与演进已经成为运营商迫切且需要认真思考的问题。分析了5G核心网络和无线网络的架构特点,通过综合评估和分析,提出了中国电信5G网络架构建议和以"省层面集中部署控制云、CU/DU合一"为核心的5G网络部署建议。

Semi-Supervised Learning Based Big Data-Driven Anomaly Detection in Mobile Wireless Networks

With rising capacity demand in mobile networks, the infrastructure is also becoming increasingly denser and complex. This results in collection of larger amount of raw data(big data) that is generated at different levels of network architecture and is typically underutilized. To unleash its full value, innovative machine learning algorithms need to be utilized in order to extract valuable insights which can be used for improving the overall network's performance. Additionally, a major challenge for network operators is to cope up with increasing number of complete(or partial) cell outages and to simultaneously reduce operational expenditure. This paper contributes towards the aforementioned problems by exploiting big data generated from the core network of 4 G LTE-A to detect network's anomalous behavior. We present a semi-supervised statistical-based anomaly detection technique to identify in time: first, unusually low user activity region depicting sleeping cell, which is a special case of cell outage; and second, unusually high user traffic area corresponding to a situation where special action such as additional resource allocation, fault avoidance solution etc. may be needed. Achieved results demonstrate that the proposed method can be used for timely and reliable anomaly detection in current and future cellular networks.

基因多态性对儿童肾病综合征糖皮质激素治疗效果的影响

目的 探讨CYP3A4*18B(G20230A)、CYP3A5(A6986G)、ABCB1(C3435T)、NR1I2(A7635G)、MIF(G-173C)与儿童肾病综合征糖皮质激素治疗效果的相关性。方法 收集糖皮质激素敏感和糖皮质激素耐药的肾病综合征患儿各29例,采用序列特异引物引导的聚合酶链反应技术分析CYP3A4*18B(G20230A)、CYP3A5(A6986G)、ABCB1(C3435T)、NR1I2(A7635G)、MIF(G-173C)多态性在各组中的分布,并进行统计学分析。结果 糖皮质激素敏感组和糖皮质激素耐药组CYP3A4*18B(G20230A)、CYP3A5(A6986G)、ABCB1(C3435T)、NR1I2(A7635G)、MIF(G-173C)基因型和等位基因分布频率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 CYP3A4*18B(G20230A)、CYP3A5(A6986G)、ABCB1(C3435T)、NR1I2(A7635G)、MIF(G-173C)基因多态性与儿童肾病综合征糖皮质激素治疗效果无明确关联。