The ground state hydrogen conformations and vibrational analysis of 3-deazauracil(3DAU)and 6-azauracil(6AU)tautomers(4-enol and 2,4-diol forms)have been calculated using ab initio Hartree-Fock(HF)and density functiona...The ground state hydrogen conformations and vibrational analysis of 3-deazauracil(3DAU)and 6-azauracil(6AU)tautomers(4-enol and 2,4-diol forms)have been calculated using ab initio Hartree-Fock(HF)and density functional theory(B3LYP)methods with 6-311++G(d,p)basis set level.The calculations have shown that the most probably preferential tautomer of 3DAU and 6AU are the 4-enol form,which gives best fit to the corresponding experimental data.The ground state conformer of the 2,4-diol form has two O—H bonds which are oriented externally and internally(to the N—H bond).The vibrational analyses of the ground state conformer of each tautomeric form of 3DAU and 6AU were done and their optimized geometry parameters(bond lengths and bond angles)were given.Furthermore,from the correlations values it was concluded that the B3LYP method is superior to the HF method for both the vibrational frequencies and the geometric parameters.展开更多
In search for new antioxidant agents derived from 6-azauracil, the spiro-5-(flurin-9’-yl)-6-azauracil <strong>3</strong> and their <em>N</em>,<em>N</em>-disubstituted-6-azauracils ...In search for new antioxidant agents derived from 6-azauracil, the spiro-5-(flurin-9’-yl)-6-azauracil <strong>3</strong> and their <em>N</em>,<em>N</em>-disubstituted-6-azauracils <strong>4</strong> - <strong>17</strong> have been synthesized using various methods and reaction conditions. Structure of the new synthesized compounds was deduced from elemental analysis and spectral measurements, for example IR, 1H/13C NMR and mass spectroscopy. The antioxidant evaluation of the new targets showed that the activity increases in the order of <strong>8</strong> > <strong>10</strong> > <strong>6</strong> > <strong>7</strong> > <strong>9</strong> in comparison with 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ascorbic acid as standards.展开更多
利用第六次国际耦合模式比较计划(CMIP6)中的18个模式,基于欧洲中期天气预报中心第五代再分析资料(ERA5)再分析数据对青藏高原夏季降水数据进行了偏差校正,并从平均降水和极端降水两方面评估了校正前后的CMIP6数据以及单个模式在1979-2...利用第六次国际耦合模式比较计划(CMIP6)中的18个模式,基于欧洲中期天气预报中心第五代再分析资料(ERA5)再分析数据对青藏高原夏季降水数据进行了偏差校正,并从平均降水和极端降水两方面评估了校正前后的CMIP6数据以及单个模式在1979-2014年的表现。研究结果表明,该校正方法高度依赖于用于偏差校正的ERA5再分析数据在研究区域的质量,尽管偏差校正后的青藏高原夏季平均降水的误差和误差率上有所改善,但在年际时间变化特征方面却不如偏差校正前的数据。大多数CMIP6模式能够较好地模拟1979-2014年青藏高原上由西北至东南逐渐递增的平均降水空间变化特征。偏差校正前的降水数据在高原上会出现显著的高估,误差率为60.4%,经过偏差校正后的数据相对观测数据误差降低,误差率为-13.9%,并且偏差校正后的数据与ERA5的平均误差仅为0.003 mm·d^(-1),与ERA5的空间相关性高达0.999。空间趋势方面,观测数据表明青藏高原大部分地区夏季降水在1979-2014年呈现轻微增加的趋势,只有东缘出现明显降低的趋势。偏差校正前后的数据都能够大致刻画出这一空间分布特征,然而,未经偏差校正的大多数单个CMIP6模式与ERA5的空间相关系数未超过0.5。与由独立观测降水数据的年际变化特征相比,偏差校正前的数据高估了高原上的降水量,而偏差校正后的数据相比观测结果则偏低。通过确定95%分位阈值选取了极端降水个例,其集合平均极端降水空间分布与年平均降水类似,也呈西北向东南递增的趋势。部分CMIP6模式较好地模拟了这一特征,如MRI-ESM2-0(The Meteorological Research Institute Earth System Model version 2.0)和ACCESSCM2(Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator Climate Model Version 2),与观测结果的空间相关系数分别为0.851和0.821。但偏差校正后的数据在空间相关性方面下降,由偏差校正前的0.861降为0.730,未能准确刻画高原极端降水阶梯式递增的特点。偏差校正后的极端降水数据误差分布与偏差校正前相似,偏低区域主要集中在高原南部腹地和东部。进一步的极端降水贡献率分析结果表明,观测结果与CMIP6降水数据均显示1979-2014年期间极端降水贡献率变化趋势不明显。单个CMIP6模式中,EC-Earth3-Veg(European Community Earth-Vegetation model version 3)和EC-Earth3(European Community Earth Model version 3)及CanESM5(The Canadian Earth System Model version 5)在多个统计评估指标上排名靠前,展示出较好的模拟能力;IPSL-CM6A-LR(Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace Climate Model 6A Low Resolution)在平均降水误差和极端降水的误差指标上表现出色。展开更多
Salsolinol(1-methyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline,Sal)is a catechol isoquinoline that causes neurotoxicity and shares structural similarity with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine,an environme...Salsolinol(1-methyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline,Sal)is a catechol isoquinoline that causes neurotoxicity and shares structural similarity with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine,an environmental toxin that causes Parkinson's disease.However,the mechanism by which Sal mediates dopaminergic neuronal death remains unclear.In this study,we found that Sal significantly enhanced the global level of N~6-methyladenosine(m~6A)RNA methylation in PC12 cells,mainly by inducing the downregulation of the expression of m~6A demethylases fat mass and obesity-associated protein(FTO)and alk B homolog 5(ALKBH5).RNA sequencing analysis showed that Sal downregulated the Hippo signaling pathway.The m~6A reader YTH domain-containing family protein 2(YTHDF2)promoted the degradation of m~6A-containing Yes-associated protein 1(YAP1)mRNA,which is a downstream key effector in the Hippo signaling pathway.Additionally,downregulation of YAP1 promoted autophagy,indicating that the mutual regulation between YAP1 and autophagy can lead to neurotoxicity.These findings reveal the role of Sal on m~6A RNA methylation and suggest that Sal may act as an RNA methylation inducer mediating dopaminergic neuronal death through YAP1 and autophagy.Our results provide greater insights into the neurotoxic effects of catechol isoquinolines compared with other studies and may be a reference for assessing the involvement of RNA methylation in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.展开更多
基金supported by Research Fund of the Erzincan University(Project no:FEN-A-150615-0149)
文摘The ground state hydrogen conformations and vibrational analysis of 3-deazauracil(3DAU)and 6-azauracil(6AU)tautomers(4-enol and 2,4-diol forms)have been calculated using ab initio Hartree-Fock(HF)and density functional theory(B3LYP)methods with 6-311++G(d,p)basis set level.The calculations have shown that the most probably preferential tautomer of 3DAU and 6AU are the 4-enol form,which gives best fit to the corresponding experimental data.The ground state conformer of the 2,4-diol form has two O—H bonds which are oriented externally and internally(to the N—H bond).The vibrational analyses of the ground state conformer of each tautomeric form of 3DAU and 6AU were done and their optimized geometry parameters(bond lengths and bond angles)were given.Furthermore,from the correlations values it was concluded that the B3LYP method is superior to the HF method for both the vibrational frequencies and the geometric parameters.
文摘In search for new antioxidant agents derived from 6-azauracil, the spiro-5-(flurin-9’-yl)-6-azauracil <strong>3</strong> and their <em>N</em>,<em>N</em>-disubstituted-6-azauracils <strong>4</strong> - <strong>17</strong> have been synthesized using various methods and reaction conditions. Structure of the new synthesized compounds was deduced from elemental analysis and spectral measurements, for example IR, 1H/13C NMR and mass spectroscopy. The antioxidant evaluation of the new targets showed that the activity increases in the order of <strong>8</strong> > <strong>10</strong> > <strong>6</strong> > <strong>7</strong> > <strong>9</strong> in comparison with 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ascorbic acid as standards.
文摘利用第六次国际耦合模式比较计划(CMIP6)中的18个模式,基于欧洲中期天气预报中心第五代再分析资料(ERA5)再分析数据对青藏高原夏季降水数据进行了偏差校正,并从平均降水和极端降水两方面评估了校正前后的CMIP6数据以及单个模式在1979-2014年的表现。研究结果表明,该校正方法高度依赖于用于偏差校正的ERA5再分析数据在研究区域的质量,尽管偏差校正后的青藏高原夏季平均降水的误差和误差率上有所改善,但在年际时间变化特征方面却不如偏差校正前的数据。大多数CMIP6模式能够较好地模拟1979-2014年青藏高原上由西北至东南逐渐递增的平均降水空间变化特征。偏差校正前的降水数据在高原上会出现显著的高估,误差率为60.4%,经过偏差校正后的数据相对观测数据误差降低,误差率为-13.9%,并且偏差校正后的数据与ERA5的平均误差仅为0.003 mm·d^(-1),与ERA5的空间相关性高达0.999。空间趋势方面,观测数据表明青藏高原大部分地区夏季降水在1979-2014年呈现轻微增加的趋势,只有东缘出现明显降低的趋势。偏差校正前后的数据都能够大致刻画出这一空间分布特征,然而,未经偏差校正的大多数单个CMIP6模式与ERA5的空间相关系数未超过0.5。与由独立观测降水数据的年际变化特征相比,偏差校正前的数据高估了高原上的降水量,而偏差校正后的数据相比观测结果则偏低。通过确定95%分位阈值选取了极端降水个例,其集合平均极端降水空间分布与年平均降水类似,也呈西北向东南递增的趋势。部分CMIP6模式较好地模拟了这一特征,如MRI-ESM2-0(The Meteorological Research Institute Earth System Model version 2.0)和ACCESSCM2(Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator Climate Model Version 2),与观测结果的空间相关系数分别为0.851和0.821。但偏差校正后的数据在空间相关性方面下降,由偏差校正前的0.861降为0.730,未能准确刻画高原极端降水阶梯式递增的特点。偏差校正后的极端降水数据误差分布与偏差校正前相似,偏低区域主要集中在高原南部腹地和东部。进一步的极端降水贡献率分析结果表明,观测结果与CMIP6降水数据均显示1979-2014年期间极端降水贡献率变化趋势不明显。单个CMIP6模式中,EC-Earth3-Veg(European Community Earth-Vegetation model version 3)和EC-Earth3(European Community Earth Model version 3)及CanESM5(The Canadian Earth System Model version 5)在多个统计评估指标上排名靠前,展示出较好的模拟能力;IPSL-CM6A-LR(Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace Climate Model 6A Low Resolution)在平均降水误差和极端降水的误差指标上表现出色。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82271283(to XC),91854115(to JW),31970044(to JW)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,No.7202001(to XC)the Scientific Research Project of Beijing Educational Committee,No.KM202010005022(to XC)。
文摘Salsolinol(1-methyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline,Sal)is a catechol isoquinoline that causes neurotoxicity and shares structural similarity with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine,an environmental toxin that causes Parkinson's disease.However,the mechanism by which Sal mediates dopaminergic neuronal death remains unclear.In this study,we found that Sal significantly enhanced the global level of N~6-methyladenosine(m~6A)RNA methylation in PC12 cells,mainly by inducing the downregulation of the expression of m~6A demethylases fat mass and obesity-associated protein(FTO)and alk B homolog 5(ALKBH5).RNA sequencing analysis showed that Sal downregulated the Hippo signaling pathway.The m~6A reader YTH domain-containing family protein 2(YTHDF2)promoted the degradation of m~6A-containing Yes-associated protein 1(YAP1)mRNA,which is a downstream key effector in the Hippo signaling pathway.Additionally,downregulation of YAP1 promoted autophagy,indicating that the mutual regulation between YAP1 and autophagy can lead to neurotoxicity.These findings reveal the role of Sal on m~6A RNA methylation and suggest that Sal may act as an RNA methylation inducer mediating dopaminergic neuronal death through YAP1 and autophagy.Our results provide greater insights into the neurotoxic effects of catechol isoquinolines compared with other studies and may be a reference for assessing the involvement of RNA methylation in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
