目的:研究五类化学指示卡和六类化学指示卡在高温压力蒸汽灭菌应用中的监测结果对比,以规范选择高压灭菌监测指示物。方法:将五类化学指示卡和六类化学指示卡同时放入高压灭菌锅4个角和中心位置进行灭菌,分别在常规灭菌参数134℃、240 s...目的:研究五类化学指示卡和六类化学指示卡在高温压力蒸汽灭菌应用中的监测结果对比,以规范选择高压灭菌监测指示物。方法:将五类化学指示卡和六类化学指示卡同时放入高压灭菌锅4个角和中心位置进行灭菌,分别在常规灭菌参数134℃、240 s、220 k Pa和模拟临界灭菌参数134℃、120 s、220 k Pa下脉动3次进行灭菌试验。对比2种灭菌参数下,五类化学指示卡和六类化学指示卡监测的灭菌合格率。采用SPSS 19.0软件分析数据,差异比较用χ2检验。结果:在常规灭菌参数下,五类化学指示卡和六类化学指示卡监测灭菌合格率均为100%。在模拟临界灭菌参数下,五类化学指示卡监测灭菌合格率为100%,六类化学指示卡监测灭菌合格率为66.67%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:相同条件下六类化学指示卡比五类化学指示卡具有更高的抗阻性。六类化学指示卡配合管腔挑战器使用更适用于灭菌参数不稳定的批量监测。展开更多
目前,学者们针对CBI主题教学在艺术院校大学英语课堂的应用研究不多,而艺术院校的学生较其他专业的学生在英语学习方面有其特殊性。本文以《新标准大学英语》综合教程为例,根据Stroller提出著名的"6-T"主题模式方案,选取第三...目前,学者们针对CBI主题教学在艺术院校大学英语课堂的应用研究不多,而艺术院校的学生较其他专业的学生在英语学习方面有其特殊性。本文以《新标准大学英语》综合教程为例,根据Stroller提出著名的"6-T"主题模式方案,选取第三册第三单元文章"The Mystery of Girl with a Pearl Earring",设计一个单元的课堂教学过程,就艺术院校大学英语课程中CBI主题教学模式的应用进行分析讨论。展开更多
This study incorporated the Weather Research and Forecasting（WRF） model double-moment 6-class（WDM6） microphysics scheme into the mesoscale version of the Global/Regional Assimilation and Pr Ediction System（GRAPES...This study incorporated the Weather Research and Forecasting（WRF） model double-moment 6-class（WDM6） microphysics scheme into the mesoscale version of the Global/Regional Assimilation and Pr Ediction System（GRAPES_Meso）. A rainfall event that occurred during 3–5 June 2015 around Beijing was simulated by using the WDM6, the WRF single-moment 6-class scheme（WSM6）, and the NCEP 5-class scheme, respectively. The results show that both the distribution and magnitude of the rainfall simulated with WDM6 were more consistent with the observation. Compared with WDM6, WSM6 simulated larger cloud liquid water content, which provided more water vapor for graupel growth, leading to increased precipitation in the cold-rain processes. For areas with the warmrain processes, the sensitivity experiments using WDM6 showed that an increase in cloud condensation nuclei（CCN）number concentration led to enhanced CCN activation ratio and larger cloud droplet number concentration（Nc） but decreased cloud droplet effective diameter. The formation of more small-size cloud droplets resulted in a decrease in raindrop number concentration（Nr）, inhibiting the warm-rain processes, thus gradually decreasing the amount of precipitation. For areas mainly with the cold-rain processes, the overall amount of precipitation increased; however, it gradually decreased when the CCN number concentration reached a certain magnitude. Hence, the effect of CCN number concentration on precipitation exhibits significant differences in different rainfall areas of the same precipitation event.展开更多
文摘目的:研究五类化学指示卡和六类化学指示卡在高温压力蒸汽灭菌应用中的监测结果对比,以规范选择高压灭菌监测指示物。方法:将五类化学指示卡和六类化学指示卡同时放入高压灭菌锅4个角和中心位置进行灭菌,分别在常规灭菌参数134℃、240 s、220 k Pa和模拟临界灭菌参数134℃、120 s、220 k Pa下脉动3次进行灭菌试验。对比2种灭菌参数下,五类化学指示卡和六类化学指示卡监测的灭菌合格率。采用SPSS 19.0软件分析数据,差异比较用χ2检验。结果:在常规灭菌参数下,五类化学指示卡和六类化学指示卡监测灭菌合格率均为100%。在模拟临界灭菌参数下,五类化学指示卡监测灭菌合格率为100%,六类化学指示卡监测灭菌合格率为66.67%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:相同条件下六类化学指示卡比五类化学指示卡具有更高的抗阻性。六类化学指示卡配合管腔挑战器使用更适用于灭菌参数不稳定的批量监测。
文摘目前,学者们针对CBI主题教学在艺术院校大学英语课堂的应用研究不多,而艺术院校的学生较其他专业的学生在英语学习方面有其特殊性。本文以《新标准大学英语》综合教程为例,根据Stroller提出著名的"6-T"主题模式方案,选取第三册第三单元文章"The Mystery of Girl with a Pearl Earring",设计一个单元的课堂教学过程,就艺术院校大学英语课程中CBI主题教学模式的应用进行分析讨论。
基金Supported by the National Key Project(2016YFC0203306)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41590874)+2 种基金National(Key)973 Program(2014CB441201)Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences’ Project(2017Z001)Key Project of Air Pollution Cause and Control(DQGG0104)
文摘This study incorporated the Weather Research and Forecasting（WRF） model double-moment 6-class（WDM6） microphysics scheme into the mesoscale version of the Global/Regional Assimilation and Pr Ediction System（GRAPES_Meso）. A rainfall event that occurred during 3–5 June 2015 around Beijing was simulated by using the WDM6, the WRF single-moment 6-class scheme（WSM6）, and the NCEP 5-class scheme, respectively. The results show that both the distribution and magnitude of the rainfall simulated with WDM6 were more consistent with the observation. Compared with WDM6, WSM6 simulated larger cloud liquid water content, which provided more water vapor for graupel growth, leading to increased precipitation in the cold-rain processes. For areas with the warmrain processes, the sensitivity experiments using WDM6 showed that an increase in cloud condensation nuclei（CCN）number concentration led to enhanced CCN activation ratio and larger cloud droplet number concentration（Nc） but decreased cloud droplet effective diameter. The formation of more small-size cloud droplets resulted in a decrease in raindrop number concentration（Nr）, inhibiting the warm-rain processes, thus gradually decreasing the amount of precipitation. For areas mainly with the cold-rain processes, the overall amount of precipitation increased; however, it gradually decreased when the CCN number concentration reached a certain magnitude. Hence, the effect of CCN number concentration on precipitation exhibits significant differences in different rainfall areas of the same precipitation event.
