不同^(60)Co-γ辐射剂量对月季仙境、北京红、金凤凰生长和开花的影响

为研究物理辐射对3个月季品种扦插苗的影响,利用0、10、20、40、60、80 Gy剂量的^(60)Co-γ对仙境、北京红、金凤凰月季扦插苗进行辐射处理,测定和分析处理后月季苗的形态指标、突变率、死亡率和半致死率等。结果表明,随着辐射剂量增加,3个月季品种的扦插苗的株高、冠幅、侧枝数、侧枝长度、复叶长、复叶宽随之降低,其中仙境和北京红在10 Gy辐射剂量下生长势最好,而金凤凰在20 Gy生长势最好。供试植株的死亡率随着辐射剂量增加而增加,仙境在10和20 Gy处理下死亡率较低且花色变异较多。仙境、北京红、金凤凰的半致死剂量分别为53、132、19.87 Gy。仙境在10 Gy辐射剂量下突变率最高达31.67%,产生了白色、水粉色、嫩粉色、粉白相间等多种花色突变;金凤凰在10 Gy剂量下花瓣边缘有缺裂,在20 Gy辐射剂量下花瓣边缘深裂、反卷;北京红在10 Gy剂量下有花瓣数量明显增加,花型为千重瓣。综上所述,^(60)Co-γ辐射剂量10和20 Gy有利于促进供试植株的生长,同时产生新的变异花色和新花型。本研究结果为月季的良种选育和新品系培育提供了参考。

^(60)Co-NTG复合诱变选育丁烯基多杀菌素高产菌株及其杀虫活性

为获得稳定高产的丁烯基多杀菌素生产菌株并明确其对农业害虫的杀灭效果,以前期研究获得的须糖多孢菌Saccharopolyspora pogona ASAGF19为初始菌株,通过^(60)Co-γ射线和亚硝基胍复合诱变得到1株遗传性状稳定的高产突变株ASAGF30A11,较初始菌株产量提高了61.26%,3次传代产量变化幅度小于10.00%。对高产菌株发酵液进行分离纯化获得了丁烯基多杀菌素粗品,配制成1.5 g/L浓度的母液进行稀释,对蓟马、蚜虫以及小菜蛾进行室内毒力测定,得出其对3种供试害虫的LC_(50)分别为1.92 mg/L、1.23 mg/L和0.27 mg/L。经过比较,丁烯基多杀菌素对蓟马的杀灭效果优于多杀菌素(LC_(50)为0.57 mg/L)和乙基多杀菌素(LC_(50)为0.64 mg/L);对蚜虫的杀灭效果优于多杀菌素(LC_(50)为72.60 mg/L),低于阿维菌素(LC_(50)为0.14 mg/L);对小菜蛾的杀灭效果优于多杀菌素(LC_(50)为2.87 mg/L),低于乙基多杀菌素(LC_(50)为0.05 mg/L)。本研究首次探索了^(60)Co-γ射线和亚硝基胍复合诱变对须糖多孢菌的影响,并获得了丁烯基多杀菌素对3种农业害虫的防效,为新型生物杀虫剂对农业害虫的防治提供了一些理论依据。

芒果^(60)Co-γ、EMS诱变及SC-SSR分子标记遗传多样性分析

诱变育种是短时间内增加物种遗传多样性和表型变异的最有效方法之一。为探明诱变创制芒果突变体基因库可行性,本研究以凯特芒果为试验材料,通过^(60)Co-γ射线辐射枝条和EMS溶液浸泡种子创制诱变群体材料,利用SC-SSR分子标记进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明:^(60)Co-γ射线辐射半致死剂量为31.37 Gy,0.2%EMS溶液浸泡半致死时间为5.9 h;利用16对SC-SSR引物分析100份诱变材料和1份凯特材料的遗传多样性,共检测出117个多态性位点,引物多态性条带百分比、多态性信息含量(PIC)、观测等位基因数(Na)、有效等位基因数(Ne)、Nei’s基因多样性指数(H)和Shannon’s信息指数(I)平均值分别为93.18%、0.610、1.923、1.583、0.334和0.493;试验材料间遗传相似系数在0.373~0.984之间,平均为0.779。诱变增加了芒果遗传信息,其中EMS诱变种子变异更大,本研究结果为芒果诱变育种提供了理论依据。

^(60)Co-γ辐射诱变在木本植物育种中的研究进展

^(60)Co-γ辐射育种是当前诱变育种研究中应用最广泛的诱变技术,为我国农业的发展作出了巨大的贡献,但是在木本植物育种方面应用相对较少,并且受限于木本植物漫长的生长周期,许多研究难以形成突破性的研究成果,急需系统性、全面性的理论指导。本文对近二十年来木本植物的^(60)Co-γ辐射诱变育种研究进行了总结,详细介绍了辐射诱变原理与方法、辐射材料与辐射强度的选择、突变体鉴定等技术,对^(60)Co-γ辐射诱变效应与分子机理进行了探讨,并提出后续研究的重点方向,为将来木本植物的^(60)Co-γ辐射诱变育种提供理论指导。

^(60)Co-γ射线对蝴蝶兰生长发育的影响

为了解^(60)Co-γ射线辐照处理对蝴蝶兰生长的影响及辐射处理后植株的变异表现,对‘郑农火凤凰’和‘郑农鸿运’两个蝴蝶兰品种进行不同剂量的^(60)Co-γ辐射处理,探究辐射处理对蝴蝶兰生长的影响,确定合适的诱变剂量范围。结果表明:(1)^(60)Co-γ辐射处理影响蝴蝶兰植株的生长发育,不同品种的蝴蝶兰对辐射的敏感度不同,‘郑农鸿运’对^(60)Co-γ射线更敏感;(2)植株SPAD值随着辐射剂量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,‘郑农火凤凰’和‘郑农鸿运’分别在60Gy和40Gy时具有最高SPAD平均值。(3)辐射处理诱变的植株表观变异具有多样性,不同辐射剂量处理均会导致植株叶片增厚。10Gy剂量的辐射处理时植株出现变异,25Gy时花朵出现变异,40Gy及以上剂量的辐射处理抑制蝴蝶兰植株开花,推测蝴蝶兰合适的诱变剂量范围为10~40Gy。研究结果为蝴蝶兰诱变育种提供了理论依据和剂量参考。

SRAP Marker Analysis of Genomic Mutation Induced by ^(60)Coγ-Ray Irradiation in Potato (Solanum tuberosum)

[Objective] This study was to explore the mutagenic effect of 60Co γ-ray on Solanum tuberosum chromosomes.[Method] The 60Co γ-ray at different irradiation doses was applied to treat the minitubers of potato variety ＇Favorita＇,and the genomic mutations in VM1 and VM2 gene rations in treatments with different doses were analyzed by SRAP markers.[Resalt] Thirty pairs of SRAP primers out of 88 pairs exhibited polymorphism with a rate of 34.1％ in the bulked selection of VM1 generation.A total of 225 bands were obtained,of which 64 were polymorphic with a rate of 28.4％.The polymorphism was reflected in the forms of deleted bands and added bands.Based on the result of the bulked selection of VM1 generation,25 primers with polymorphism were selected to scan VM2 generation.Five primers performed poorly,and nine of the rest 20 pairs revealed polymorphism and obtained nine polymorphic bands,of which only four bands were detected in VM1 generation and the other five ones were newly deleted bands.Only 9.8％ of the bands detected in VM1 generation were obtained in VM2 generation.Eventually,nine stable and dear polymorphic bands were recovered and cloned,and DNA sequences of six bands of them were acquired by sequencing.According to the comparative analysis,five fragments sequences were similar to potato chromosome with a similarity rate of 77％-89％,three of them located at the resistance gene cluster; another one fragment had a similarity of 93％ with some regions of the No.5 chromosome in tomato.[Conclusion] 60Co γ-ray irradiation can cause mutation of genomic DNA in potato;there is no significant correlation between the number of polymorphic bands and the irradiation dose; potymorphic bands are characterized by a larger number of deleted bands than that of the added ones.

Mutagenic Effect of ^(60)Co γ-rays Irradiation on Turf Characteristics of Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the mutagenic effect of 60 Co γ-rays irradiation on turf characteristics of Buchloe dactyloides （Nutt.） Engelm. [Method] Buffalo grass were irradiated with 60 Co γ-rays at five different radiation intensities （1 200, 1 400, 1 600, 1 800, 2 000 Gy） to determine the related turf characteristics and analyze the mutagenic effect of 60 Co γ-rays at different radiation intensities on buffalo grass. [Result] Germination rates of buffalo grass irradiated by different radiation intensities of 60 Co γ-rays varied inconsistently, and the root length and bud length were shorter than the control; compared with the control, the height of irradiated seedlings was significantly reduced, and the number of tillers, plant height, leaf length and leaf blade width were smaller than the control; however, the stolon length, stolon diameter and number of stolon nods had no significant difference compared with the control. [Conclusion] This study laid foundation for determining the appropriate radiation intensity of 60 Co γ-rays and selecting useful mutants of buffalo grass.

Preparation and Characterization of Fe3O4 Magnetic Nano-particles by ^（60）Co γ-ray Irradiation

By using a new method, ^60Co γ-ray irradiation, Fe3O4 magnetic nano-particles were successfully synthesized at room temperature under ambient pressure. The structure, morphology and magnetic properties of these nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, transmission electron microscope （TEM） and vibrating sample magnetometer （VSM）, respectively. The radiation formation mechanism was also discussed. The results show that the absorbed dose can greatly influence the structure, morphology and magnetic properties of the products. XRD and TEM studies show that the product prepared by γ-ray irradiation （10 kGy） is pure FesO4 phase and the mean diameter of these nano-particles is about 21 nm. The Fe3O4 nano-particles synthesized by γ-ray irradiation （10 kGy） are mainly in small cubic shape and the size uniformity of these particles is good.

^(60)Co-γ射线辐射对西瓜开花期及果实性状的影响

【目的】探索^(60)Co-γ射线辐射对西瓜开花期及果实性状的影响。【方法】选取不同质量的12个西瓜品种干种子为材料,设置6个剂量辐射处理,研究不同辐射剂量对西瓜种子开花期及果实性状的影响。【结果】当辐射剂量为600 Gy时,西瓜大、中种子品种开花期较对照(0 Gy)明显推迟,但对小种子品种无显著影响;600 Gy及以上辐射剂量对西瓜果实性状产生了显著(P<0.05)的抑制作用,其中大、小种子的辐射敏感性比中种子更强。【结论】随着辐射剂量的增大,^(60)Co-γ射线辐射对西瓜开花期及果实性状的抑制作用逐渐增强。西瓜种子适宜的^(60)Co-γ射线辐射剂量为400~600 Gy,不同质量西瓜种子的开花期及果实性状对^(60)Co-γ射线辐射的敏感性为:大种子>小种子>中种子。

Differential Expression of Retrotransposon WIS 2-1A Response to Vacuum, Low-Energy N^+ Implantation and ^(60)Coγ-ray Irradiation in Wheat

Mutagenesis and retrotransposons have a close relationship, but little attention has been paid yet to the activity of retrotransposons produced by physical mutagens. The variation of retrotransposon WIS 2-1A activity in wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） embryos at three different growth times （30 h, 45 h and 60 h） was investigated after they had been treated with N^＋ implantation in a vacuum of 5× 10^-2 Pa and irradiation by ^60Coγ-ray respectively. For each of the three growth times the expression of WIS 2-1A showed almost entirely a same trend of downregulation, upregulation, then downregulation, and upregulation again with the increase in dose of N^＋ implantation, but the expression appeared irregular with the increase in irradiation of ^60Coγ-ray. In conclusion, the acutely activating effect of WIS 2-1A stimulated by vacuum and high dose N^＋ implantation within a shorter incubation time may provide a convenient tool to advance the research on mutagenic breeding and function genes.

Acoustic Trauma of Guinea Pigs Caused by ^(60) Cobalt γ-Ray

Auditory cortical cvokod rcsponse(ACER) and auditory brainstom cvoked response (ABR) were recorded in guinea pigs before and after irradiation of ^(60)Co γ-ray. A single dose of irradiation on head was 90Gy and 70Gy in two groups, respectively. Two h after irradiation. the threshold shift was 12. 5 dB and 9 dB, and the ACER post-irradiation amplitude ex- ceeded the maximum pre-irradiation value by 20% and 37%. Six h after irradiation, the threshold shift increased to 37 dB and the maximum amplitnde decreased to the level of pre-irradiation in 70Gy-group. In another group, right auditory bulla arca was irradiated with a total dose of 45Gy in a course of six fractions/two weeks. Fourteen d after irradiation, the threshold shift of ABR was 118 dB and the latency of wave I was longer. The amplitude-intensity curve was after irradiation. Histological observation using scanning showed that only outer hair- cells in the basal coil of the cochlea were 6 h after irrdiation 50Gy-group. Bul 16 h later, outer, hair cells in all coils of the cochlea were found to be destroyed extensively and inner cells were destroyed slightly. In 45Gy-group, 14 d after irradiation, outer hair cells in all coils of the cochlea were damaged and no inmer hair cell was injured severely.

The effects of ^(60)Co γ-ray irradiation on the DC characteristics of enhancement-mode AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors

The effects of ^60Co γ-ray irradiation on the DC characteristics of AlGaN/GaN enhancement-mode high-electron- mobility transistors （E-mode HEMTs） are investigated. The results show that having been irradiated by^60Co γ-rays at a dose of 3 Mrad （Si）, the E-mode HEMT reduces its saturation drain current and maximal transconductance by 6% and 5%, respectively, and significantly increases both forward and reverse gate currents, while its threshold voltage is affected only slightly. The obvious performance degradation of E-mode A1GaN/GaN HEMTs is consistent with the creation of electronegative surface state charges in the source-gate spacer and gate-drain spacer after being irradiated.

^(60)Co-γ射线辐照对月季“蜻蜓”的诱变效应及突变体ISSR分析

为培育花色独特、栽培品质优良的新型蓝色月季,使用^(60)Co-γ射线对月季“蜻蜓”进行辐照处理,并设置40,50,60 Gy三个剂量梯度.月季“蜻蜓”辐照产生的诱变效应表现为:(1)辐照处理均会对植株造成一定的损伤和产生抑制生长效应,且高剂量辐照处理的植株在生长过程中,出现生长点或老叶叶尖枯死、新叶生长缓慢、新芽不再萌发、植株根部萎蔫且出现腐烂发黑现象;(2)突变体在花型、花色、花期、花瓣等花部形状上与对照组(CK)存在较大差异,具体表现在突变体的最大花径增大或缩小、花色改变、花期缩短、花瓣数量和花瓣形态改变.采用简单重复序列区间扩增多态(ISSR)分子标记技术及非加权组平均法(UPGMA)对辐照处理的月季“蜻蜓”材料进行遗传多样性和亲缘关系聚类分析,发现月季“蜻蜓”经过辐照诱变之后遗传物质有不同程度的突变.以上结果为培育优质蓝色月季品种奠定了基础.

^(60)Co-γ射线辐照汕油红2号创制油用型花生新品系

研究运用^(60)Co-γ射线辐照诱变结合近红外光谱品质分析技术,创制优良油用型花生新种质的效果。以350、400 Gy剂量的^(60)Co-γ射线辐照花生汕油红2号干种子,并运用近红外光谱分析等方法对后代材料进行鉴定、筛选。结果表明:以半致死剂量为选择标准,汕油红2号干种子^(60)Co-γ射线辐照诱变的适宜剂量为350 Gy;创制优良M 5油用型品系2个。其中,辐汕油红2号350/51粗脂肪含量较对照(汕油红2号)提高3.21%,达极显著水平;干荚果产量较对照增加3.01%,出仁率与对照相当。辐汕油红2号350/57粗脂肪含量较对照提高2.95%,达极显著水平;干荚果产量较对照增加10.84%,出仁率显著高于对照。该研究结果为花生遗传改良提供了优良新种质,也为花生^(60)Co-γ射线辐照诱变育种研究提供参考。

丙烯酰胺诱导人白血病HL-60和NB_4细胞hprt基因的分子突变谱

为了研究丙烯酰胺的遗传毒理作用 ,采用单细胞克隆培养 ,双向筛选计数 ,多重PCR扩增与电泳分析 ,研究了诱导HL 6 0和NB4 两种细胞hprt基因突变率及分子突变谱 .发现只有丙烯酰胺高剂量组 (70 0mg·L- 1)才对两种细胞有明确的致hprt基因突变作用 ;丙烯酰胺诱发突变主要由点突变和缺失两部分组成 (40 .0 %～ 6 6 .7% ,33.3%～ 6 0 .0 % ) ,而自发突变几乎全是点突变 (90 .0 %以上 ) ,两种细胞均无全基因缺失型 ;缺失突变可以发生于hprt基因上的每个外显子 (除外显子 7/ 8以外 ) ,较集中于基因的 3′末端 ,且诱发突变中绝大多数是点突变与单个外显子缺失 (93.3% ,86 .1% ) ,两种细胞情况类似 .结果提示 ,丙烯酰胺具有较弱的诱导hprt基因突变的作用 ,且诱发突变与自发突变的分子图谱不一样 。

^(60)Coγ射线对南昌霉素产生菌的诱变选育

采用不同剂量的60 Coγ射线 ,对南昌霉素产生菌南昌链霉菌 80 5 .3 116菌株的孢子进行处理。结果表明 ,7 74c/kg的诱变剂量在对孢子致死率 90 %左右时 ,具有较好的诱变效应 ;初筛摇瓶产量正变率达到 2 1 0 8% ;复筛摇瓶发酵效价比出发菌株提高 5 0 %以上的有 10株 ,占初筛菌株的 5 % ;连续四批摇瓶发酵试验平均产量比出发菌株的产量提高 5 0 %以上 ;有 6个菌株摇瓶产量分别比出发菌株提高 6 0 % ,其中 3株平均摇瓶产量比出发菌提高 70 %以上。

^60Co γ辐照对木槿种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响

以60Co γ为辐照源,采用不同剂量率(50~500Gy/h)辐照木槿休眠种子,对辐照后种子进行播种观察。结果表明:辐照剂量低于200Gy时促进种子发芽,低于100Gy时能提高幼苗成活率;辐照剂量大于200 Gy时抑制发芽,并导致真叶和侧根难以形成,直至幼苗死亡。剂量率对辐照效果有一定的影响。得出以提高苗木成活率为目的进行辐照时的剂量以50~100Gy为宜,以促进变异为目的进行辐照时的剂量以100~200Gy为宜。

^(60)Coγ射线诱变选育高产虾青素红发夫酵母突变株

为了筛选高产虾青素红发夫酵母突变株,用不同剂量60Coγ射线对出发菌株菌液进行反复辐射处理,得到突变株W6 318,并对其生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明不同照射剂量下正突变率为10%～36%,在射线诱变剂量为3.5kGy时诱变效果最佳。最优化条件下突变株生物量、总类胡萝卜素和虾青素产量分别为10.15gL-1、14.97mgL-1和12.55mgL-1,分别比出发菌株提高11.17%、86.39%和101.8%。5L发酵罐放大培养中的生物量、总类胡萝卜素和虾青素产量分别为15.56gL-1、18.54mgL-1和14.97mgL-1。

Co^(60)诱变原生质体选育高产酒精酵母

将较高产酒精酵母制备成原生质体,经Co60诱变后,采用四级筛选,得到高产酒精酵母菌株Co-158,其遗传性状稳定。以玉米粉糖化醪为基质发酵72h,成熟醪酒精体积分数为17.8%(v/v),残还原糖为0.0137%。Co-158菌株成熟醪酒精体积分数比出发菌株提高了16.34%,比ADY提高了24.48%,残还原糖含量亦远远低于出发菌株和ADY。

^60Coγ射线、激光及两者复合处理小麦的生物学效应

研究了60Coγ射线、激光及两者复合处理小麦皖科0101的生物学效应。结果表明:60Coγ射线及其与激光复合处理的小麦M1代发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数均与对照无显著差异;但苗高、根长、活力指数、出苗率、成株率均比对照低;出苗期、分蘖期、拔节期、抽穗期、成熟期比对照分别推迟4、11、11、6和9d;越冬蘖、最高蘖、穗数、株高、穗长、小穗数、穗粒数和产量比对照显著降低,而千粒重和成穗率比对照显著增加。60Coγ射线单一处理和与激光复合处理的M2代,均有少数植株发生株高、穗型、熟期、粒重、抗赤霉病变异。激光单因素处理的M1和M2代生育期及农艺性状与对照无显著差异。