The impact of^(60)Co-γirradiation on the chemical constituents of Chuanxiong Rhizoma

Background:In order to clarify the inmpat ofγirradiation on the chemical composition of traditional Chinese medicine,this paper carefully choosed Chuanxiong Rhizoma to carry on a demonstration study.Methods:Through a meticulous assessment,a comprehensive comparison was made between the irradiated and unirradiated Chuanxiong Rhizoma samples.The property characteristics were investigated by colorimeter and electronic nose.The changes in chemical structures and contents was analyzed by fourier infrared spectroscopy,high performance liquid chromatography and fingerprinting.In a quest to uncover the presence of any new radiolysis products,cutting-edge techniques like ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were employed.Moreover,the difference of antioxidant activity were investigated.Results:The irradiation doses within 12 kGy had no significant effects on the content of the main chemical components,characteristics and in vitro antioxidant activity of Chuanxiong Rhizoma,while changes in some functional groups and degradation of some volatile oil components containing olefins need further study.Conclusion:This study indicates that^(60)Co-γirradiation is a stable method for sterilization of Chuanxiong Rhizoma.It’s also provide a reference for the establishment of irradiation standards for Chuanxiong Rhizoma and other aromatic medicinal plants.

Effects on Agronomic Traits of M_1 by Pollen of Upland Cotton Irradiated by ^(60)Co-γ Ray

[Objective] The aim was to provide reference for research on radiation and breeding of cotton pollen through irradiating common ripe pollen grain of upland cotton by 60Co-γ Ray of varied doses. [Method] Ripe pollen grains of upland cotton were irradiated by 60Co-γ Ray with doses of 5, 10, 15, and 20 Gy, respectively, to learn radiation effect and select appropriate dose. [Result] Most properties of M1 obviously showed variation when dose was over 10 Gy; vitality, growth, and fertility were greatly inhibited when dose was 15 Gy which was almost semi-lethal concentration, and variation species were richest at the same time, which provided materi- als for practical breeding. [Conclusion] 60Co-γ Ray of 15 Gy is more suitable for mutagenesis research on ripe pollen grains of upland cotton.

^(60)Co-γ射线辐照灭菌前后发酵虫草菌粉(Cs-4)中脂肪酸类成分稳定性研究

目的:建立同时测定^(60)Co-γ射线辐照前后发酵虫草菌粉(Cs-4)中棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和α-亚麻酸的含量的方法,并对5种脂肪酸类成分的稳定性进行考察。方法:采用气相色谱法,色谱柱为DB-WAX毛细管柱(30 m×0.53 mm×0.25μm),程序升温,检测器为氢离子火焰检测器,检测器温度为280℃,进样口温度为270℃,载气为高纯氮气,流速为0.5 mL/min,进样量为1μL,进样分流比为10∶1。通过影响因素试验、加速试验及长期试验考察^(60)Co-γ射线辐照前后发酵虫草菌粉中脂肪酸类成分的稳定性。结果:通过方法学考察,5种脂肪酸类成分在59.68~477.44,23.58~188.61,91.40~594.10,158.72~1587.20,27.97~279.70μg/mL内线性关系良好(r>0.997);平均加样回收率为97.87%~100.77%,RSD≤3.00%。稳定性考察结果表明,5种脂肪酸类成分均较稳定,含量变化无显著差异。结论:本研究所建方法准确可靠、重复性好,^(60)Co-γ射线辐照灭菌前后发酵虫草菌粉中5种脂肪酸类成分在不同条件存放后未有明显变化,为发酵虫草菌粉辐照灭菌方式的选择提供了实验依据。

^(60)CO-γ辐照灭菌对秦艽花中龙胆苦苷含量的影响

[目的]研究60CO-γ辐照灭菌对秦艽花中龙胆苦苷含量的影响。[方法]色谱柱为Luna C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-浓度0.1%醋酸(15∶85,V/V),检测波长为272 nm,建立HPLC含量测定方法测定秦艽花中龙胆苦苷的含量,并通过测定不同60CO-γ辐照剂量对秦艽花中龙胆苦苷含量来评价60CO-γ辐照灭菌对秦艽花品质的影响。[结果]秦艽花中龙胆苦苷含量随60CO-γ射线照射灭菌剂量的增大而明显降低。[结论]秦艽花及其相应产品不适用采用60CO-γ辐照灭菌。

^(60)Co-γ射线辐照对草地贪夜蛾自交种群发育与繁殖的影响

为了解^(60)Co-γ射线辐照对草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda成虫发育与繁殖的影响,本文以草地贪夜蛾6日龄蛹为对象,比较不同辐照剂量下草地贪夜蛾自交种群的羽化率、翅畸形率、寿命、产卵量以及子代卵孵化率的差异。结果表明,草地贪夜蛾成虫羽化率随着辐照剂量的升高而呈现降低的趋势,其中250 Gy、350 Gy、400 Gy以及500 Gy剂量辐照下的羽化率分别降低至72.8%、69.4%、69.4%和50.6%,与对照组(91.7%)相比差异显著;翅畸形率在400 Gy时值最高,为25.6%,但与对照组相比并无显著差异;其雌、雄成虫平均寿命均随辐照剂量的升高而缩短,且辐照后处理组雌、雄成虫寿命均显著低于对照组成虫寿命;雄虫日存活率在100 Gy、200 Gy、300 Gy和500 Gy处理条件下高于雌虫日存活率,而350 Gy和400 Gy处理组,以及对照组雌虫日存活率高于雄虫。草地贪夜蛾种群产卵雌虫数、单雌产卵量、及子代孵化情况与对照组相比差异显著,300~500 Gy的辐照剂量下,亲代没有卵粒产出,而100 Gy至250 Gy的辐照剂量下,产卵量显著降低,且在100 Gy时处理组的卵中有少量孵化。本文对草地贪夜蛾辐照不育剂量进行了初步评价,为今后实现该虫不育技术防治提供科学参考。

^(60)Co-γ射线辐照灭菌对蜈蚣药粉品质的影响研究

目的探讨不同剂量^(60)Co-γ射线辐照灭菌对蜈蚣药粉8种核苷类成分含量及微生物指标的影响。方法分别以4,6,8,10 k Gy的^(60)Co-γ射线对样品进行动态辐照灭菌操作,按2015年版《中国药典(一部)》要求检测灭菌前后样品的水分、总灰分、酸不溶性灰分、酸溶性浸出物、重金属及有害元素、黄曲霉毒素及微生物限度;采用高效液相色谱法测定4,6,8,10 k Gy^(60)Co-γ射线辐照灭菌后样品的化学成分含量。结果4,6,8,10 kGy^(60)Co-γ射线辐照灭菌样品的水分、总灰分、酸不溶性灰分、酸溶性浸出物、重金属及有害元素、黄曲霉毒素比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);大于6 kGy^(60)Co-γ射线辐照灭菌样品中,需氧菌、酵母菌、霉菌总数均随辐照剂量增加而减少,耐胆盐革兰阴性菌均小于10 cfu/g,微生物限度均符合2015年版《中国药典(四部)》规定,且均未检出大肠埃希菌和沙门菌;综合工业生产中的灭菌成本问题,8,10 kGy^(60)Co-γ射线动态辐照灭菌效果最佳;灭菌前后,胞嘧啶、胞苷、次黄嘌呤、黄嘌呤、尿苷、胸腺嘧啶、2’-脱氧肌苷、胸苷8种核苷类成分含量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论^(60)Co-γ射线辐照灭菌对蜈蚣药粉质量无明显影响,且8~10 kGy辐照灭菌效果最佳。

Effect of irradiation on temperature performance of dispersioncompensation no-core cascade optical-fiber sensor coated with polydimethylsiloxane film

A temperature measurement device can produce data deviations and can even be damaged in a high-dose radiation environment.To reduce the radiation damage to such a device and improve the temperature measurement accuracy in a radiation environment,a temperature sensor based on optical-fiber sensing technology is proposed.This sensor has a cascade structure composed of a single-mode fiber(SMF),a dispersion-compensation fiber(DCF),a nocore fiber(NCF),and another SMF(SDNS).The DCF and NCF are coated with a polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)film,which is a heat-sensitive material with high thermal optical and thermal expansion coefficients.In experiments,PDMS was found to produce an irradiation crosslinking effect after irradiation,which improved the temperature sensitivity of the SDNS sensor.The experimental results showed that within a range of 30–100℃,the maximum temperature sensitivity after irradiation was 62.86 pm/℃,and the maximum transmission sensitivity after irradiation was 3.353×10^(-2)dB/℃,which were 1.22 times and 2.267 times the values before irradiation,respectively.In addition,repeated temperature experiments verified that the SDNS sensor coated with the PDMS film had excellent temperature repeatability.Furthermore,it was found that with an increase in the irradiation intensity,the irradiation crosslinking degree of PDMS increased,and the temperature sensitivity of the sensor was improved.The proposed sensor could potentially be applied to temperature measurement in a nuclear-radiation environment.

An advanced irradiation facilities and its usage

A carrier type gamma irradiator is an advanced device currently installed in Qingdao Irra- diation Center (QIC) and has been put into operation for nine years in Qingdao, China. It utilizes Co-60 as the radiation source; the initial Co-60 loading is 1.48×1016 Bq (0.4 million Curies). Rubber, natural and synthetic polymers, heat-shrinkable films and tubes, disposable medical supplies, some foods and drugs have been irradiated for test in the past. Especially a great success achieved on the radiation of compound food for young shrimp. The practice demonstrates that the bacteria in the compound food can be de- stroyed by the irradiation at optimum dosage between 5 000–6 000 Gy.

^(60)Co-γ射线辐照对辣椒粉杀菌效果及营养品质的影响

辣椒粉是湖南特色休闲食品中最为常见的一种调味料。为了减少有害微生物对辣椒粉的污染,同时避免因辣椒粉带菌而导致的食品污染,研究以市场购买的辣椒粉为材料,通过0、2.07、4.90、6.67、9.08、10.11和11.42 kGy^(60)Co-γ射线辐照处理,探讨了不同剂量^(60)Co-γ射线对辣椒粉灭菌效果及营养品质的影响。结果表明:6.67 kGy的辐照剂量就能达到较好的杀菌效果,且对辣椒粉的色泽、辣度、风味、氨基酸、蛋白质不会产生明显的影响。

医院普通制剂^(60)Co辐照灭菌效果探讨

本文对我院自制的7种剂型18种普通制荆和两种包装,进行了各种剂量的^(60)Co-γ射线辐照,观察和测定了辐照前后各项指标。结果表明,大多数制剂辐照前后外观和有效成份的含量无显著变化。

^(60)Coγ射线对乳酸钙辐照灭菌效果的研究

本文报道了乳酸钙辐照灭菌的剂量、辐照工艺等 ,有效地解决了乳酸钙的灭菌问题 ,取得了较好的经济效益 ,可为乳酸钙灭菌的辐照商业化提供依据。

^(60)Co辐照灭菌医用手套工艺研究

该研究是为了作好一次性使用的无菌手术手套生产的技术准备而进行的。本文报告了把手套用防菌材料包装以^(60)Coγ射线灭菌工艺的研究。工艺中选择了抗张强度、透气度等项指标较好的纸塑复合物作外包装材料。

^(60)Co-γ射线辐照灭菌对大豆异黄酮胶囊理化性状的影响与灭菌效果研究

目的 观察^(60)Co-γ射线辐照灭菌对大豆异黄酮胶囊的影响及灭菌效果。方法 采用微生物定量培养和理化分析方法,观察^(60)Co-γ射线灭菌对大豆异黄酮胶囊的影响及灭菌效果。结果 经过10 kGy^(60)Co-γ辐照灭菌处理,大豆异黄酮胶囊的外观性状无变化,且崩解时限符合规定,3种主成分含量差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),指纹图谱确认有14个共有峰,相似度≥0.999,色谱图无明显变化,大豆异黄酮胶囊中微生物明显减少。结论^(60)Co-γ辐照灭菌对大豆异黄酮胶囊质量无显著影响,能有效降低大豆异黄酮胶囊微生物含量。

钴-60辐照灭菌法对椎突消胶囊灭菌效果的实验观察

目的建立椎突消胶囊微生物限度检查方法,观察椎突消胶囊采用钴-60辐照灭菌的灭菌效果。方法根据《中国药典》2015版四部通则,建立椎突消胶囊微生物限度检查方法,比较分别采用湿热灭菌法和钴-60辐照灭菌法制备的椎突消胶囊的微生物限度。结果钴-60辐照灭菌法对椎突消胶囊的灭菌效果明显优于采用湿热灭菌法,且经过辐照灭菌后,胶囊性状、水分等检查指标无明显变化。结论钴-60辐照灭菌法适用于椎突消胶囊的灭菌工艺要求。

应用辐射不育技术防治杨树虫害桑天牛

杨树（ Populus）具有速生、丰产、繁殖容易等特点，已经成为世界上分布最广、适应性最强的树种。我国处于世界杨树的中心分布区，杨树遍及全国，栽植面积居世界之首，发展杨树产业是当前我国林业建设的重要方面，而以天牛为主的蛀干害虫常年严重发生，对我国林业建设及自然景观造成严重危害。在我国长江流域危害性最大的为桑天牛（ Apriona germari）。据在安徽合肥地区杨树林中的调查，桑天牛的个体数量占所调查的4种天牛，即：桑天牛、光肩星天牛（ Anoplophora glabripennis）、星天牛（ An． chinesis）、云斑天牛（ Batocera horsfieldi ）总数的96.3%（刘小林等，2010）。桑天牛以幼虫钻蛀杨树枝、干韧皮部和木质部，轻则造成树势衰弱，重则导致整株甚至成片枯死（萧刚柔，1992；李孟楼，2010）。

馒头保鲜杀菌工艺研究

采用辐照杀菌与热杀菌相结合的方法对馒头进行保鲜杀菌,研究辐照处理对馒头杀菌效果的影响。研究2,4,6,8kGy的辐照对馒头杀菌的影响。结果表明:采用热杀菌100℃、10min预杀菌处理及60 CO辐射剂量6kGy相结合的处理方法,有效地延长馒头保质期达6个月。

地衣芽孢杆菌A1在斑点叉尾鮰肠道的定植

为研究地衣芽孢杆菌A1(Bacillus Licheniformis, Bli)在斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus)肠道的定植规律,通过每周更换100%的循环水量以减少水体中的芽孢杆菌对实验的干扰,通过Co60 辐照灭菌杀灭饲料中的芽孢杆菌以消除其对实验的干扰。采用52℃高温选择性培养肠道Bli,研究外源Bli 在肠道内的消长规律。使用嗜热脂肪地芽孢杆菌(Geobacillus stearothermophilus)的芽孢作为惰性对照,通过洗涤肠壁去除非黏附菌,研究Bli 对肠粘膜的黏附。使用灭菌处理的肠内容物体外培养Bli,研究其在肠道的增殖潜能。结果显示,每周100%换水量使水体Bli 含量<1 cfu/mL。辐照灭菌使饲料Bli 含量由1.4×10^4 cfu/g 降至检出限以下。停止外源Bli 摄入后,在持续投喂无菌饲料的情况下, Bli 在斑点叉尾鮰肠内容物中的含量可维持3.3×10^2 cfu/g 左右至少42 天;在禁食情况下, 14 天后肠内容物中便无Bli 检出。Bli 对肠粘膜的黏附能力弱于惰性对照,但Bli 可以在肠内容物中生长至2.0×10^7 cfu/g。以上结果提示:在持续喂食情况下,地衣芽孢杆菌可以在斑点叉尾鮰肠道内长期定植,而禁食情况不能定植。其原因是由于地衣芽孢杆菌不能有效黏附于肠粘膜,但可以在肠内容物中增殖。

不同灭菌方法对地麦活性糖中4种糖类成分及微生物的影响

目的:考察不同灭菌方法对地麦活性糖中4种糖类成分含量及微生物数量的影响。方法:采用HPLC-ELSD方法,分别检测煮沸30、60、90、120 min,100℃流通蒸汽灭菌30 min(添加或不添加防腐剂苯甲酸钠、羟苯乙酯或山梨酸)、60 min、120 min,120℃流通蒸汽灭菌15 min,10 kGy^(60)Co-γ射线辐照12 h前后地麦活性糖中果糖、蔗糖、棉子糖和水苏糖含量,并参照2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》微生物限度检查方法,检测需氧菌总数,霉菌和酵母菌总数,以及大肠埃希菌总数的变化。结果:煮沸30、60、90、120 min和100℃流通蒸汽灭菌30、60、120 min均能明显减少微生物数量,随着灭菌时间增加,果糖含量增加,蔗糖、棉子糖和水苏糖含量降低;防腐剂对4种糖类成分含量无影响;120℃流通蒸汽灭菌15 min,果糖含量明显增加,水苏糖含量和微生物数量均明显降低;10 kGy ^(60)Co-γ射线辐照能明显减少微生物数量,而不影响4种糖类成分含量。结论:100℃流通蒸汽灭菌30 min和10 kGy^(60)Co-γ射线辐照均能有效杀灭地麦活性糖中微生物,而不影响4种糖类成分含量,苯甲酸钠或羟苯乙酯可用作地麦活性糖的防腐剂。

γ—射线对酱油中细菌总数及营养成分影响的初步研究

用^(60)Co—γ—射线以不同剂量(30,50,70,90万拉德)照射瓶装酱油,然后对酱油中细菌总数及总酸和氨基酸态氮进行分析。结果证明:γ—射线具有良好的杀菌作用,剂量30万拉德已能使细菌总数降低到标准含量以下。而各个剂量的γ—照射对总酸及氨基酸态氮的数值几乎没有影响。

辐照灭菌对桃红丸主要成分的影响

目的通过建立桃红丸的高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱的分析方法,分析60 Co-γ射线辐照前后其有效成分的含量变化。方法采用HPLC法对桃红丸进行色谱分析,以C 18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)为色谱柱,乙腈-磷酸溶液(pH 2.6)为流动相,进行梯度洗脱,于230 nm波长处检测。将未辐照样品的色谱图作为对照图谱,应用“中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统”进行相似度评价。结果辐照前后供试品的色谱峰数量、峰形情况无明显区别,指标成分含量无明显变化。结论通过高效液相色谱法结合多指标定量测定法测定桃红丸较为可靠,该方法比较全面地反映了桃红丸的含量变化,可为其质量控制提供较为可靠的科学依据。