Traumatic brain injury（TBI） is a leading cause of death and disability in individuals worldwide.Producing a clinically relevant TBI model in small-sized animals remains fairly challenging.For good screening of poten...Traumatic brain injury（TBI） is a leading cause of death and disability in individuals worldwide.Producing a clinically relevant TBI model in small-sized animals remains fairly challenging.For good screening of potential therapeutics,which are effective in the treatment of TBI,animal models of TBI should be established and standardized.In this study,we established mouse models of closed head injury using the Shohami weight-drop method with some modifications concerning cognitive deficiency assessment and provided a detailed description of the severe TBI animal model.We found that 250 g falling weight from 2 cm height produced severe closed head injury in C57BL/6 male mice.Cognitive disorders in mice with severe closed head injury could be detected using passive avoidance test on day 7 after injury.Findings from this study indicate that weight-drop injury animal models are suitable for further screening of brain neuroprotectants and potentially are similar to those seen in human TBI.展开更多
Solid phase microextraction(SPME)in combination with high-resolution mass spectrometry was employed for the determination of metabolomic profile of mouse melanoma growth within in vitro 2D,in vitro 3D,and in vivo mode...Solid phase microextraction(SPME)in combination with high-resolution mass spectrometry was employed for the determination of metabolomic profile of mouse melanoma growth within in vitro 2D,in vitro 3D,and in vivo models.Such multi-model approach had never been investigated before.Due to the low-invasiveness of SPME,it was possible to perform time-course analysis,which allowed building time profile of biochemical reactions in the studied material.Such approach does not require the multiplication of samples as subsequent analyses are performed from the very same cell culture or from the same individual.SPME already reduces the number of animals required for experiment;therefore,it is with good concordance with the 3Rs rule(replacement,reduction,and refinement).Among tested models,the largest number of compounds was found within the in vitro 2D cell culture model,while in vivo and in vitro 3D models had the lowest number of detected compounds.These results may be connected with a higher metabolic rate,as well as lower integrity of the in vitro 2D model compared to the in vitro 3D model resulting in a lower number of compounds released into medium in the latter model.In terms of in vitro-in vivo extrapolation,the in vitro 2D model performed more similar to in vivo model compared to in vitro 3D model;however,it might have been due to the fact that only compounds secreted to medium were investigated.Thus,in further experiments to obtain full metabolome information,the intraspheroidal assessment or spheroid dissociation would be necessary.展开更多
To establish a C57BL/6N mouse model infected with Giardia lamblia ( G lamblia ) isolates from human origin Method Two groups of C57BL/6N mouse were inoculated with purified cysts of two G lamblia isola...To establish a C57BL/6N mouse model infected with Giardia lamblia ( G lamblia ) isolates from human origin Method Two groups of C57BL/6N mouse were inoculated with purified cysts of two G lamblia isolates (CD and XZ) by gavage separately Patterns and curves of cyst excretion of the infected mice were observed and summarized Histopathological changes of the small intestines of the infected mice were observed Results Thirty six mice receiving 1×10 4 cysts each were all infected The C57BL/6N mouse showed high susceptibility to G lamblia infection There was no notable distinction between the two groups of the mice infected by the cysts of CD and XZ isolates Cyst excretion occurred with intermittence Of 36 infected mice, 32 (89%) passed cysts intermittently and 4 (11%) others persistently The latent period of cyst excretion was 0-3 days p i (post inoculation) The interruption of cyst excretion ranged from 12 to 20 days p i The fastigium of the cyst excretion was on day 6 p i The peak count of the cysts passed during a 2 h collection period was 2 3×10 7 /g fecal specimen Edema, inflammation, cell infiltration, small blood vessels congestion, mitotic figures and mucosa necrosis appeared in sections of intestines Conclusion C57Bl/6N mouse is a suitable animal model of G lamblia展开更多
基金supported by a grant from the Ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia,No.RAGS/2013/UPNM/SKK/01/2
文摘Traumatic brain injury（TBI） is a leading cause of death and disability in individuals worldwide.Producing a clinically relevant TBI model in small-sized animals remains fairly challenging.For good screening of potential therapeutics,which are effective in the treatment of TBI,animal models of TBI should be established and standardized.In this study,we established mouse models of closed head injury using the Shohami weight-drop method with some modifications concerning cognitive deficiency assessment and provided a detailed description of the severe TBI animal model.We found that 250 g falling weight from 2 cm height produced severe closed head injury in C57BL/6 male mice.Cognitive disorders in mice with severe closed head injury could be detected using passive avoidance test on day 7 after injury.Findings from this study indicate that weight-drop injury animal models are suitable for further screening of brain neuroprotectants and potentially are similar to those seen in human TBI.
基金This work has been funded by the statutory grant from Nicolaus Copernicus University(Grant No.:451).
文摘Solid phase microextraction(SPME)in combination with high-resolution mass spectrometry was employed for the determination of metabolomic profile of mouse melanoma growth within in vitro 2D,in vitro 3D,and in vivo models.Such multi-model approach had never been investigated before.Due to the low-invasiveness of SPME,it was possible to perform time-course analysis,which allowed building time profile of biochemical reactions in the studied material.Such approach does not require the multiplication of samples as subsequent analyses are performed from the very same cell culture or from the same individual.SPME already reduces the number of animals required for experiment;therefore,it is with good concordance with the 3Rs rule(replacement,reduction,and refinement).Among tested models,the largest number of compounds was found within the in vitro 2D cell culture model,while in vivo and in vitro 3D models had the lowest number of detected compounds.These results may be connected with a higher metabolic rate,as well as lower integrity of the in vitro 2D model compared to the in vitro 3D model resulting in a lower number of compounds released into medium in the latter model.In terms of in vitro-in vivo extrapolation,the in vitro 2D model performed more similar to in vivo model compared to in vitro 3D model;however,it might have been due to the fact that only compounds secreted to medium were investigated.Thus,in further experiments to obtain full metabolome information,the intraspheroidal assessment or spheroid dissociation would be necessary.
基金ThisstudywassupportedpartlybytheNaturalScienceFoundationofBeijing (No 7992 0 0 2 )theNaturalScienceFoundationofHebeiProvince (No 30 0 369)
文摘To establish a C57BL/6N mouse model infected with Giardia lamblia ( G lamblia ) isolates from human origin Method Two groups of C57BL/6N mouse were inoculated with purified cysts of two G lamblia isolates (CD and XZ) by gavage separately Patterns and curves of cyst excretion of the infected mice were observed and summarized Histopathological changes of the small intestines of the infected mice were observed Results Thirty six mice receiving 1×10 4 cysts each were all infected The C57BL/6N mouse showed high susceptibility to G lamblia infection There was no notable distinction between the two groups of the mice infected by the cysts of CD and XZ isolates Cyst excretion occurred with intermittence Of 36 infected mice, 32 (89%) passed cysts intermittently and 4 (11%) others persistently The latent period of cyst excretion was 0-3 days p i (post inoculation) The interruption of cyst excretion ranged from 12 to 20 days p i The fastigium of the cyst excretion was on day 6 p i The peak count of the cysts passed during a 2 h collection period was 2 3×10 7 /g fecal specimen Edema, inflammation, cell infiltration, small blood vessels congestion, mitotic figures and mucosa necrosis appeared in sections of intestines Conclusion C57Bl/6N mouse is a suitable animal model of G lamblia
