AA7075-T6铝合金电阻点焊工艺参数优化研究

轻量化结构设计在保证了结构强度的前提下降低了整车质量,减少了能量消耗,成为汽车工业和航空航天的研究重点。本工作通过建立正交实验获取AA7075-T6铝合金的最佳焊接工艺参数。对接头进行拉伸剪切实验、金相观察和显微硬度测试,并对最优参数组合进行数值模拟,以研究焊接工艺参数对接头质量的影响。结果表明:当焊接时间为60 ms、焊接电流为17 kA、电极压力为0.22 MPa时,点焊接头的综合力学性能最好;焊接参数对电阻点焊接头力学性能的影响顺序为焊接时间>焊接电流>电极压力。焊接过程数值模拟得到的熔核尺寸与实验结果一致。焊接过程发生飞溅和熔核存在缩孔缺陷,导致接头的力学性能较差,失效模式为界面断裂。由于焊接过程接头显微组织发生变化,接头显微硬度变化呈“W”形。

通过睿哲6aaS实现数据中心应用服务IPv6快速升级

为推动国家下一代互联网IPv6普及与发展,各个商用互联网数据中心应为其托管客户提供IPv6升级改造方案,满足下一代互联网的应用需求。该文章通过对数据中心客户应用IPv6过渡技术深入研究和比较分析后,提出了一个基于SPACE6翻译技术的IPv6升级改造解决方案。该方案在不改变数据中心现有网络架构及托管客户应用系统的情况下,快速完成现有IPv4网站应用服务向IPv6的迁移。

Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on the microstructural,mechanical and ballistic properties of AA7075-T6 aluminum alloy

The study focused on investigating the effect of Deep Cryogenic Treatment(DCT)on the mechanical and ballistic properties of AA7075-T6 aluminum alloy.The microstructure,microhardness,tensile strength,and impact strength of the Base Material(BM)and DCT-treated 7075 samples were analyzed through metallographic analysis and mechanical tests.The microstructure of the DCT-treated 7075 samples revealed fine grains and a distribution of secondary phase particles.The tensile strength,impact strength,and microhardness of DCT-treated samples increased by 7.41%,4%,and 9.68%,respectively,compared to the BM samples.The fractography analysis of the tensile samples showed cleavage facets,microvoids,and dimples in both the samples.The ballistic behavior of the BM and DCT target plates were studied by impacting hard steel core projectiles at a velocity of 750±10 m/s.The target plates failed due to petaling and ductile hole enlargement,and the depth of penetration(DOP)of the DCT target was less than that of the BM target,indicating a higher ballistic resistance.The post-ballistic microstructure examination of the target plates showed the formation of an Adiabatic Shear Band(ASB)without any cracks.It was concluded that the DCT treatment improved the mechanical and ballistic properties of the aluminum alloy due to grain refinement and high dislocation density.

温态超声冲击强化对AA6061-T6空蚀行为的影响

目的进一步提高超声冲击处理对AA6061-T6抗空蚀性能的强化效果。方法通过不同温度(RT、50、100和150℃)温态超声冲击强化处理,结合冲击强化与动态应变时效(DSA)的优点,获得应变速率更高、密度位错更高的塑性变形强化层,以提高其抗空蚀性能。利用X射线衍射技术(XRD)、金相显微镜研究了强化层的微观组织。利用显微硬度仪研究了强化层深度方向的硬度分布。利用超声振动空蚀平台、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和激光共聚焦显微镜,研究了强化试样的空蚀性能及空蚀机理。结果随温度的升高,强化后的铝合金近表层分别形成30、50、70、90μm的晶粒细化层,表面择优取向由(200)转变为(111);强化温度为50℃时的表面显微硬度最高,较原始试样提高了108.2%;经300 min空化腐蚀后,常温、50、100、150℃条件下处理的超声冲击试样的抗空蚀性能分别是未处理试样的1.77、2.03、1.49和1.38倍;温态冲击强化后,试样的空化腐蚀损伤机制不仅包括初始的韧性断裂破坏,还增加了脆性及疲劳损伤形式。结论经过温态超声冲击强化处理后,AA6061-T6的抗空蚀性能随温度的升高呈先增后减的趋势,强化温度为50℃时最优。强化试样的抗空蚀性能提高归因于表面硬度增加、晶粒细化和择优取向转变等多种因素的综合作用。

苏云金芽胞杆菌杀线虫伴胞晶体蛋白基因cry6Aa的克隆与表达

通过对晶体蛋白N-末端氨基酸测序,设计简并探针,从对根结线虫高毒力苏云金芽胞杆菌YBT-1518菌株中克隆到1个含有杀线虫晶体蛋白基因的片段。序列测定表明该序列含有两个ORF(orf1和orf2),其中orf1与基因cry6Aa1同源性为98%,已在GenBank上登录(Acc.NO.AF499736),并被命名为cry6Aa2。将克隆的该片段克隆到穿梭载体pHT304上,并转化苏云金芽胞杆菌无晶体突变株BMB171,重组菌株可形成米粒状伴胞晶体。生物测定表明,表达的毒素蛋白对北方根结线虫的LC50为9.47μg/mL,毒力与出发菌株(10.74μg/mL)相当。

Cry6Aa2m基因植物表达载体构建及大豆的遗传转化

cry6Aa2杀线虫晶体蛋白基因对线虫有很高的杀虫活性,根据大豆密码子的偏爱性,人工合成杀线虫最小毒力区间cry6Aa2m基因。以pCAMBIA3300为骨架,构建由组成型强启动子E12 CaMV35S调控的cry6Aa2m基因、筛选标记基因为除草剂抗性bar基因的植物表达载体pCBE-cry6,用农杆菌介导法对东农50大豆子叶节进行遗传转化,通过PCR和RT-PCR检测,结果证明cry6Aa2m基因已整合到大豆基因组中并进行转录,获得转cry6Aa2m基因大豆新株系18株,为大豆抗线虫分子育种研究提供材料。

转cry6Aa2m基因大豆遗传稳定性分析及农艺性状调查

以前期获得的转抗虫基因cry6Aa2m大豆T4代植株4个株系为材料,采用PCR及RT-PCR检测方法进行了外源基因遗传稳定性及表达情况分析。并以受体品种(东农50)为对照,进行了产量性状、形态性状、品质性状及环境适应能力等农艺性状的调查。结果表明:cry6Aa2m基因能够在T4代转基因植株中遗传并表达;在产量性状上,除转基因株系DpC6b7单株结荚数显著低于对照外,其余3个株系的百粒重和单株结荚数与对照相比无显著差异;在形态性状上,除转基因株系DpC6b37株高显著低于对照外,其余株系的生育期、结荚习性、花色、叶形与对照也均无显著差异;在品质性状上,与对照相比,DpC6b37粗蛋白含量高2%,粗脂肪含量高5%。株系DpC6b7则粗蛋白含量高4%,粗脂肪含量低1%;在环境适应能力方面,转基因株系种子萌发率、落粒率、种子休眠期、杂草竞争性与对照均无显著差异。综合结果表明cry6Aa2m基因能够稳定遗传并表达,其中株系DpC6b4和DpC6b8所调查的农艺性状均不劣于受体品种。

超声波冲击技术对AA6061-T6空蚀行为的影响

AA6061-T6铝合金因较高的比强度、良好的可成型性广泛应用于汽车工业中,但较差的空蚀性能极大的降低了其使用寿命。利用超声波冲击技术在AA6061-T6表面制备了塑性形变强化层,研究塑性形变强化层的微观组织、残余应力及显微硬度分布和抗空蚀性能。结果表明,超声波冲击强化后铝合金表面择优取向由原始的(200)转变为(111),并形成约140μm塑性变形层。与未强化试样相比,强化试样表面显微硬度提高了80.7%,并形成140μm硬化层;表面植入残余压应力达到-259 MPa,残余压应力层深达到700μm。超声波冲击强化处理后的空蚀性能提高2.36倍;空蚀表面形貌分析表明强化后试样空蚀机制由韧性断裂转变为脆性断裂和疲劳破坏。研究表明超声波冲击强化后试样表面晶粒细化、择优取向转变、硬度提高以及较高残余压应力等增强了材料的抗空蚀性能。

Microstructure evolution during homogenization of Al-Mg-Si-Mn-Fe alloys: Modelling and experimental results

Microstructure evolution during the homogenization heat treatment of an Al?Mg?Si?Fe?Mn(AA6xxx)alloy wasinvestigated using a combination of modelling and experimental studies.The model is based on the CALPHAD-coupledhomogenization heat treatment model originally developed for AA3xxx alloys(i.e.,Al?Mn?Fe?Si).In this work,the model wasadapted to the more complex AA6xxx system(Al?Mg?Si?Mn?Fe)to predict the evolution of critical microstructural features suchas the spatial distribution of solute,the type and fraction of constituent particles and dispersoid number density and size distribution.Experiments were also conducted using three direct chill(DC)cast AA6xxx alloys with different Mn levels subjected to varioushomogenization treatments.The resulting microstructures were characterized using a range of techniques including scanning electronmicroscopy,electron microprobe analysis(EPMA),XRD,and electrical resistivity measurements.The model predictions werecompared with the experimental measurements,and reasonable agreement was found.

Establishing empirical relationships to predict grain size and tensile strength of friction stir welded AA 6061-T6 aluminium alloy joints

AA 6061-T6 aluminium alloy(Al-Mg-Si alloy) has gathered wide acceptance in the fabrication of light weight structures requiring a high specific strength and good corrosion resistance.Compared with the fusion welding processes that are routinely used for joining structural aluminium alloys,friction stir welding(FSW) process is an emerging solid state joining process in which the material welded does not melt and recast.Joint strength is influenced by the grain size and tensile strength of the weld nugget region.Hence,an attempt was made to develop empirical relationships to predict grain size and tensile strength of friction stir welded AA 6061-T6 aluminium alloy joints.The empirical relationships are developed by response surface methodology(RSM) incorporating FSW tool and process parameters.A linear regression relationship was also established between grain size and tensile strength of the weld nugget of FSW joints.

Comparative study on forming limit prediction of AA7075-T6 sheet with M−K model and Lou−Huh criterion

In order to effectively predict the fracture of AA7075-T6 sheet, the forming limit curves of AA7075-T6 high-strength sheet were drawn according to Morciniak Kuczyski (M K) model and Lou Huh criterion, respectively. The errors between the predicted values of the two theoretical prediction models and experimental values were calculated by error analysis. The forming limit curves were verified by the punch stretch test to evaluate the prediction accuracy of M K model and Lou Huh criterion. The error analysis results show that the mean error of Lou Huh criterion with the optimal parameters for all tensile specimens is 25.04%, while the mean error of M K model for all tensile specimens is 74.24%. The prediction accuracy of Lou Huh criterion in predicting the fracture of AA7075-T6 sheet is higher. The punch stretch test results show that the forming limit curve drawn by Lou Huh criterion can effectively predict the fracture of AA7075-T6 sheet, but the prediction accuracy of M K model is relatively poor.

Constitutive modeling of flow behavior of precipitation-hardened AA7022-T6 aluminum alloy at elevated temperature

The thermomechanical behavior of precipitation-hardened aluminum alloy AA7022-T6 was studied using isothermal compression at temperatures of 623−773 K and strain rates of 0.01−1 s^−1.The experimental results indicated that dynamic recrystallization(DRX)is a predominant hot deformation mechanism,especially at elevated temperatures and low strain rates.The modified Johnson−Cook(J−C)and the strain compensated Arrhenius-type models were developed to predict the hot flow behavior under different deformation conditions.The correlation coefficients of modified J−C model and the strain compensated Arrhenius-type models were 0.9914 and 0.9972,respectively,their average relative errors(ARE)were 6.074%and 4.465%,respectively,and their root mean square errors(RMSE)were 10.611 and 1.665 MPa,respectively,indicating that the strain compensated Arrhenius-type model can predict the hot flow stress of AA7022-T6 aluminum alloy with an appropriate accuracy.

Microstructure of stir zone in dissimilar friction stir welds of AA6061-T6 and AZ31 alloy sheets

This study was performed to investigate microstructure of dissimilar friction stir welds manufactured with AA6061-T6 and AZ31 alloy sheets. Dissimilar butt joints were fabricated under the ＇off-set＇ condition that tool plunge position shifted toward AZ31 from the interface between AA6061-T6 and AZ31. Optimized tool rotating speed and its traveling speed were selected through a lot of preliminary experiments. Electron back-scatter diffraction （EBSD） technique was applied to measure texture in the stir zone （SZ）. Grain size distribution and misorientation angle distribution were also obtained. A remarkably fine-grained microstructure was observed in the SZ. Randomized or weaker plane orientations were formed in the SZ of AA6061-T6, while rotated basal plane orientations were concentrated in the SZ of AZ31. Average size of recrystallized grains was measured as just 2.5—4.5 μm. The fraction of high-angle boundary in the SZ of AA6061-T6 increased and that of low-angle boundary in the SZ of AZ31 decreased compared with the base metals.

Effect of post weld heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of gas tungsten arc welded AA6061-T6 alloy

Double-V butt TIG welding process was performed on two plates of AA6061-T6 using ER5356 filler. The microstructure,mechanical and nanomechanical properties of the joint were evaluated in as-welded and after post weld heat treatment (PWHT) usingXRD, FESEM, EBSD, nanoindentation and tensile tests. The results show that PWHT led to microstructural recovery of the heataffected zone (HAZ) in addition to the appearance of β-phase (Al3Mg2) at the grain boundaries of weld zone. The hardness (Hnano) inall zones increased after PWHT while the elastic modulus (Enano) was improved from 69.93 GPa to 81 GPa in weld area. All resultsindicate that PWHT has created a homogenous microstructure in the weld zone in addition to outstanding improvement inmechanical properties for the weld zone which surpass the base metal.

DP590钢/AA6061-T6铝合金异种金属对接搅拌摩擦焊温度场的数值模拟

为了研究DP590钢和AA6061-T6铝合金异种金属对接搅拌摩擦焊工艺参数对温度场的影响,优化实际焊接时工艺参数的可选择范围,首先建立了异种金属对接搅拌摩擦焊搅拌头摩擦生热的热输入模型,然后运用ABAQUS软件模拟出DP590钢和AA6061-T6铝合金对接搅拌摩擦焊的温度场,研究焊接过程中异种板材温度场的分布规律,最后通过调整焊接参数模拟出接头的温度分布,对比分析搅拌头偏置位置、焊接参数对接头温度场的影响。结果表明:钢铝异种金属对接搅拌摩擦焊焊接过程中的最高温度处位于DP590钢板侧,搅拌针偏置主要影响钢板的温度分布,搅拌头转速是影响焊接接头温度场的主要因素。

Comparison of microstructure and mechanical properties of conventional and refilled friction stir spot welds in AA6061-T6 using filler plate

Friction stir spot welding with refilling by friction forming process （FSSW-FFP） was successfully modified using filler plate. Both of this new refilling technique and conventional friction stir spot welding （FSSW） process were used to weld A1 6061-T6 lap shear specimens and the results were compared. Effects of tool rotational speeds on mechanical and metallurgical properties in both the cases were studied. Static shear strength of refilled weld samples was found to be better than those welded by conventional FSSW process at all tool rotational speeds. This is explained in terms of effective increase in cross-sectional area of weld nugget due to addition of more material from filler plate, thereby eliminating the probe hole. Failure mechanisms were discussed and fracture surfaces were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The hardness profile of the welds exhibited a W-shaped appearance in both the processes and the minimum hardness was measured in the HAZ.

Characterization of aluminum based functionally graded composites developed via friction stir processing

Al/SiC functionally graded material(FGM) was developed through a novel multi-step friction stir processing(FSP) method. Si C particles with a mean size of 27.5 μm were embedded in the groove on the 6082-Al plate. To create a graded structure over a predefined value, FSP was carried out with three tools with different pin lengths and with varying volume fractions of SiC particles. The structure was formed by passing tools with 1-3 passes with a constant rotational and traveling speeds of 900 r/min and 20 mm/min, respectively. The experiments were conducted at room temperature. Microstructural features of functionally graded(FG) samples were examined by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and 3D light microscopy. Mechanical properties in terms of wear resistance and microhardness were thoroughly assessed. The results indicate that the increase in FSP pass number causes more uniform SiC particle dispersion. The microhardness values were impacted by the number of passes and improved by 51.54% for Pass 3 when compared to as-received 6082-Al. Wear resistance of Al/SiC FG samples was found to increase as a result of the addition of SiC particles.

门冬氨酸鸟氨酸联合复方氨基酸治疗肝性脑病临床观察

目的:观察门冬氨酸鸟氨酸联合复方氨基酸(6AA)治疗肝性脑病的临床疗效。方法:将66例肝硬化肝性脑病患者随机分为治疗组(34例)和对照组(32例),治疗组给予门冬氨酸鸟氨酸联合复方氨基酸静脉滴注;对照组给予精氨酸静脉滴注,两组疗程平均10 d,观察患者治疗前后临床表现及生化指标(肝功能、血氨)变化。结果:治疗组总有效率90%,明显高于对照组65%(P<0.01),肝功能AST、TBiL、NH3,治疗组较对照组明显降低,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:门冬氨酸鸟氨酸联合复方氨基酸对纠正肝性脑病,改善肝功能疗效较好。

一种瓢形管轴的焊接缺陷及改善研究

由多段AA6061-T6铝合金焊接而成的某瓢形管轴,在环焊缝焊接时往往出现焊缝未熔透、气孔等缺陷。分析了两种缺陷的形成原因,并分别提出了通过可拆卸的内衬工装代替工件自身的定位,利用止口对焊件进行定位并将内衬工装设计成焊缝反面成形胎具,在瓢形管轴外面加装一个不等厚散热环的方法来消除焊缝未熔透、气孔缺陷。

流动摩擦点焊界面质量控制研究

对1mm厚6061-T6铝合金进行流动摩擦点焊试验,通过测试各种工艺条件下的焊接接头剪切性能,结合金相组织观察及断裂特征分析,研究了不同工艺参数对焊接接头焊核区、热机影响区、热影响区微观组织和剪切性能的影响。结果表明:在本次试验研究范围内,随着搅拌头焊接转速和焊接时间的增加,焊接接头的剪切性能逐渐提高;当焊接转速与焊接时间确定时,焊接接头的剪切性能随下压力的逐步增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势。当下压力F≤2300N时,"Hook"缺陷未上翘至上板顶部,焊点断裂模式为"剪切"断裂;当下压力F>2300N时,"Hook"缺陷上翘至上板顶部,焊点断裂模式为"插入"断裂。当下压力F=2300N,搅拌头旋转速度为2000r/min,焊接时间为10s时,1mm厚6061-T6铝合金流动摩擦点焊接头剪切性能和成型质量较好。