Tribology behaviors of energetic crystals play critical roles in the friction-induced hotspot in highenergy explosive,however,the binder and energetic crystals are not distinguished properly in previous investigations...Tribology behaviors of energetic crystals play critical roles in the friction-induced hotspot in highenergy explosive,however,the binder and energetic crystals are not distinguished properly in previous investigations.In this study,for the first time,the nanoscale friction ofβ-octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro1,3,5,7-tetrazocine(β-HMX)crystal is studied with nanoscratch tests under the ramping load mode.The results show that the nanoscale friction and wear ofβ-HMX crystal,as a typical energetic material,is highly depended on the applied load.The friction coefficient ofβ-HMX crystal is initially high when no discernible wear is observed,and then it decreases to a stable value which varies from~0.2 to~0.7,depending on the applied load,scratch direction,and crystal planes.Theβ-HMX(011)surfaces show weakly friction and wear anisotropy behavior;in contrast,theβ-HMX(110)surfaces show strongly friction and wear anisotropy behavior where the friction coefficient,critical load for the elastic–plastic deformation transition and plastic–cracking deformation transition,and deformation index at higher normal load are highly depended on the scratch directions.Further analyses indicate the slip system and direction ofβ-HMX surfaces play key roles in determining the nanoscale friction and wear ofβ-HMX surfaces.The obtained results can provide deeper insight into the friction and wear of energetic crystal materials.展开更多
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of this work by President Foundation of China Academy of Engineering Physics(YZJJLX2020005)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51975492)。
文摘Tribology behaviors of energetic crystals play critical roles in the friction-induced hotspot in highenergy explosive,however,the binder and energetic crystals are not distinguished properly in previous investigations.In this study,for the first time,the nanoscale friction ofβ-octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro1,3,5,7-tetrazocine(β-HMX)crystal is studied with nanoscratch tests under the ramping load mode.The results show that the nanoscale friction and wear ofβ-HMX crystal,as a typical energetic material,is highly depended on the applied load.The friction coefficient ofβ-HMX crystal is initially high when no discernible wear is observed,and then it decreases to a stable value which varies from~0.2 to~0.7,depending on the applied load,scratch direction,and crystal planes.Theβ-HMX(011)surfaces show weakly friction and wear anisotropy behavior;in contrast,theβ-HMX(110)surfaces show strongly friction and wear anisotropy behavior where the friction coefficient,critical load for the elastic–plastic deformation transition and plastic–cracking deformation transition,and deformation index at higher normal load are highly depended on the scratch directions.Further analyses indicate the slip system and direction ofβ-HMX surfaces play key roles in determining the nanoscale friction and wear ofβ-HMX surfaces.The obtained results can provide deeper insight into the friction and wear of energetic crystal materials.
