Effects of 7.5% hypertonic saline on fluid balance after radical surgery for gastrointestinal carcinoma

AIM: To investigate the effects of 7.5% hypertonic saline on positive fluid balance and negative fluid balance, after radical surgery for gastrointestinal carcinoma. METHODS: Fifty-two patients with gastrointestinal carcinoma undergoing radical surgery were studied. The patients were assigned to receive either Ringer lactate solution following 4 mL/kg of 7.5% hypertonic saline (the experimental group, n = 26) or Ringer lactate solution (the control group, n = 26) during the early postoperative period in SICU. Fluid infusion volumes, urine outputs, fluid balance, body weight change, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, anal exhaust time as well as the incidence of complication and mortality were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Urine outputs on the operative day and the first postoperative day in experimental group were significantly more than in control group (P<0.000001, P=0.000114). Fluid infusion volumes on the operative day and the first postoperative day were significantly less in experimental group than in control group (P= 0.000042, P= 0.000415). The volumes of the positive fluid balance on the operative day and during the first 48 h after surgery, in experimental group, were significantly less than in control group (P<0.000001). Body weight gain post-surgery was significantly lower in experimental group than in control group (P<0.000001). The body weight fall in experimental group occurred earlier than in control group (P<0.000001). PaO2/FiO2 ratio after surgery was higher in experimental group than in control group (P= 0.000111). The postoperative anal exhaust time in experimental group was earlier than in control group (P= 0.000006). The overall incidence of complications and the incidence of pulmonary infection were lower in experimental group than in control group (P= 0.0175, P= 0.0374). CONCLUSION: 7.5% hypertonic saline has an intense diuretic effect and causes mobilization of the retained fluid, which could reduce fluid infusion volumes and positive fluid balance after radical surgery for gastrointestinal carcinoma, as well as, accelerate the early appearance of negative fluid balance after the surgery, improve the oxygen diffusing capacity of the patients' alveoli, and lower the overall incidence of complications and pulmonary infection after the surgery.

Intestinal injury can be reduced by intra-arterial postischemic perfusion with hypertonic saline

AIM:To investigate the effect of local intestinal perfusion with hypertonic saline(HTS) on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI) in bothex vivo andin vivo rat models.METHODS:All experiments were performed on male Wistar rats anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium given intraperitoneally at a dose of 60 mg/kg.Ex vivo vascularly perfused rat intestine was subjected to 60-min ischemia and either 30-min reperfusion with isotonic buffer(controls),or 5 min with HTS of 365 or 415 mOsm/L osmolarity(HTS 365mOsm or HTS 415mOsm,respectively) followed by 25-min reperfusion with isotonic buffer.The vascular intestinal perfusate flow(IPF) rate was determined by collection of the effluent from the portal vein in a calibrated tube.Spontaneous intestinal contraction rate was monitored throughout.Irreversible intestinal injury or area of necrosis(AN) was evaluated histochemically using 2.3.5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining.In vivo,30-min ischemia was followed by either 30-min blood perfusion or 5-min reperfusion with HTS 365mOsm through the superior mesenteric artery(SMA) followed by 25-min blood perfusion.Arterial blood pressure(BP) was measured in the common carotid artery using a miniature pressure transducer.Histological injury was evaluated in both preparations using the Chui score.RESULTS:Ex vivo,intestinal IRI resulted in a reduction in the IPF rate during reperfusion(P < 0.05 vs sham).The postischemic recovery of the IPF rate did not differ between the controls and the HTS 365mOsm group.In the HTS 415mOsm group,postischemic IPF rates were lower than in the controls and the HTS 365mOsm group(P < 0.05).The intestinal contraction rate was similar at baseline in all groups.An increase in this parameter was observed during the first 10 min of reperfusion in the control group as compared to the sham-treated group,but no such increase was seen in the HTS 365mOsm group.In controls,AN averaged 14.8% ± 5.07% of the total tissue volume.Administration of HTS 365mOsm for 5 min after 60-min ischemia resulted in decrease in AN(5.1% ± 1.20% vs controls,P < 0.01).However,perfusion of the intestine with the HTS of greater osmolarity(HTS 415mOsm) failed to protect the intestine from irreversible injury.The Chiu score was lower in the HTS 365mOsm group in comparison with controls(2.4 ± 0.54 vs 3.2 ± 0.44,P = 0.042),while intestinal perfusion with HTS 415mOsm failed to improve the Chiu score.Intestinal reperfusion with HTS 365mOsm in the in vivo series secured rapid recovery of BP after its transient fall,whereas in the controls no recovery was seen.The Chiu score was lower in the HTS 365mOsm group vs controls(3.1 ± 0.26 and 3.8 ± 0.22,P = 0.0079 respectively,),although the magnitude of the effect was lower than in the ex vivo series.CONCLUSION:Brief intestinal postischemic perfusion with HTS 365mOsm through the SMA followed by blood flow restoration is a protective procedure that could be used for the prevention of intestinal IRI.

Hypertonic saline resuscitation maintains a more balanced profile of T-lymphocyte subpopulations in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock

Objective: To investigate the potential and early effect of hypertonic saline resuscitation on T-lymphocyte sub- populations in rats with hemorrhagic shock. Methods: A model of rat with severe hemorrhagic shock was established in 18 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The rats were randomly divided into Sham group, HTS group (hypertonic saline resuscitation group) and NS group (normal saline resuscitation group). Each group contained 6 rats. The CD4+ and CD8+ subpopulations of T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood were detected respectively before shock and after resuscitation by double antibody labelling and flow cytometry. Results: In the early stage after hemorrhagic shock, fluid resuscitation and emergency treatment, the CD4+ lymphocytes of peripheral blood in HTS and NS groups markedly increased. Small volume resuscitation with HTS also induced peripheral CD8+ lymphocytes to a certain extent, whereas NS resuscitation showed no effect in this respect. Consequently, compared with Sham and HTS groups, CD4+/CD8+ ratio of peripheral blood in NS group was obviously increased, and showed statistically differences. Conclusion: In this model of rat with severe hemorrhagic shock, small volume resuscitation with HTS is more effective than NS in reducing immunologic disorders and promoting a more balanced profile of T-lymphocyte subpopula- tions regulating network.

Hypertonic saline resuscitation reduces apoptosis of intestinal mucosa in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock

Objective: To investigate the early effects of hypertonic and isotonic saline solutions on apoptosis of intestinal mucosa in rats with hemorrhagic shock. Methods: A model of rat with severe hemorrhagic shock was established in 21 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The rats were randomly divided into the sham group, normal saline resuscitation (NS) group, and hypertonic saline resuscitation (HTS) group, with 7 in each group. We detected and compared the apoptosis in small intestinal mucosa of rats after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL), FITC (fluo- rescein-iso-thiocyanate)-Annexin V/PI (propidium iodide) double staining method, and flow cytometry. Results: In the early stage of hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation, marked apoptosis of small intestinal mucosa in the rats of both NS and HTS groups was observed. The numbers of apoptotic cells in these two groups were significantly greater than that in the sham group (P<0.01). In the HTS group, the apoptic cells significantly decreased, compared with the NS group (P<0.01). Conclusion: In this rat model of severe hemorrhagic shock, the HTS resuscitation of small volume is more effective than the NS resuscitation in reducing apoptosis of intestinal mucosa in rats, which may improve the prognosis of trauma.

Variable change in renal function by hypertonic saline

AIM: To investigate the effects of hypertonic saline in the neurocritical care population.METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed our hospital's use of hypertonic saline(HS) since March of 2005, and prospectively since October 2010. Comparisons were made between admission diagnoses, creatinine change(Cr), and HS formulation(3% Na Cl, 3% Na Cl/sodium acetate mix, and 23.4% Na Cl) to patients receiving normal saline or lactated ringers. The patients(n = 1329) of the retrospective portion were identified. The data presented represents the first 230 patients with data. RESULTS: Significant differences in Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ scores and GlasgowComa Scale scores occurred between different saline formulations. No significant correlation of Cl- or Na+ with Cr, nor with saline types, occurred. When dichotomized by diagnosis, significant correlations appear. Traumatic brain injury(TBI) patients demonstrated moderate correlation between Na+ and Cr of 0.45. Stroke patients demonstrated weak correlations between Na+ and Cr, and Cl- and Cr(0.19 for both). Patients receiving HS and not diagnosed with intracerebral hemorrhage, stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, or TBI demonstrated a weak but significant correlation between Cl- and Cr at 0.29.CONCLUSION: Cr directly correlates with Na+ or Cl- in stroke, Na+ in TBI, and Cl- in other populations. Prospective comparison of HS and renal function is needed.

Pentoxifylline enhances the protective effects of hypertonic saline solution on liver ischemia reperfusion injury through inhibition of oxidative stress

BACKGROUND：Liver ischemia reperfusion（IR）injury triggers a systemic inflammatory response and is the main cause of organ dysfunction and adverse postoperative outcomes after liver surgery.Pentoxifylline（PTX）and hypertonic saline solution（HTS）have been identified to have beneficial effects against IR injury.This study aimed to investigate if the addition of PTX to HTS is superior to HTS alone for the prevention of liver IR injury.METHODS： Male Wistar rats were allocated into three groups. Control rats underwent 60 minutes of partial liver ischemia, HTS rats were treated with 0.4 mL/kg of intravenous 7.5% NaCl 15 minutes before reperfusion, and HPTX group were treated with 7.5% NaC1 plus 25 mg/kg of PTX 15 minutes before reperfusion. Samples were collected after reperfusion for determination of ALT, AST, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, mitochondrial respiration, lipid peroxidation, pulmonary permeability and myeloperoxidase. RESULTS： HPTX significantly decreased TNF-α 30 minutes after reperfusion. HPTX and HTS significantly decreased ALT,AST, IL-6, mitochondrial dysfunction and pulmonary myelo- peroxidase 4 hours after reperfusion. Compared with HTS only, HPTX significantly decreased hepatic oxidative stress 4 hours after reperfusion and pulmonary permeability 4 and 12 hours after reperfusion. CONCLUSION： This study showed that PTX added the beneficial effects of HTS on liver IR injury through decreases of hepatic oxidative stress and pulmonary permeability.

Effect of Hypertonic Versus Isotonic Saline Resuscitation on Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression in Visceral Organs Following Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats

To compare the early effects of hypertonic and isotonic saline resuscitation on heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） expression in organs of rats with hemorrhagic shock. Rats were randomly divided into hypertonic saline resuscitation （HTS）, normal saline resuscitation （NS） and sham groups. HO-1 mRNA, protein expression and apoptosis were evaluated in organs. In the HTS group, significant difference was noted in HO-1 protein in small intestinal mucosa and liver compared with the NS and sham groups, and in HO-1 mRNA in liver and kidney compared with the sham group. The apoptosis of small intestinal mucosa, liver, heart, and lung was significantly lower in the HTS group than that in the NS group. In this study, small volume resuscitation with HTS can efficiently up-regulate the expression level of HO-1 in small intestinal mucosa and liver, which may be one of the mechanisms alleviating organ damage.

Effects of hypertonic saline solution on body weight and serum creatinine in patients with acute decompensated heart failure

AIM To test the safety and effectiveness of hypertonic saline solution(HSS + F) as a strategy for weight loss andprevention of further deterioration of renal function.METHODS Patients admitted with acute decompensated heart failure(ADHF) who received HSS + F were included in the study. After a period of a standard ADHF treatment, our patients received an intravenous infusion of furosemide(250 mg) combined with HSS(150 mL of 3% NaCl) twice a day for a mean duration of 2.3 d. Our primary outcomes were weight loss and a change in serum creatinine per day of treatment. The parameters of the period prior to treatment with HSS + F were compared with those of the period with HSS + F. RESULTS A total of 47 patients were included. The mean creatinine on admission was 155 μmol/L ± 65 μmol/L, the ejection fraction was 40% ± 17%. The experimental treatment(HSS + F) resulted in greater weight loss per day of treatment than the standard treatment(-1.4 kg/d ± 1.4 kg/d vs-0.4 kg/d ± 1.0 kg/d, P = 0.0168). Importantly, the change in creatinine was not significantly different.CONCLUSION This study supports the effectiveness of HSS + F on weight loss in patients with ADHF. The safety profile, particularly with regard to renal function, leads us to believe that HSS + F may be a valuable option for those patients presenting with ADHF who do not respond to conventional treatment with intravenous furosemide alone.

Blood flow variation and energy metabolism in the gastric mucosa following 7．5％ hypertonic saline resuscitation

The study is aimed at examining the effect of the 7. 5% hypertonic saline (HTS) on blood flow and en ergy metabolism in the gastric mucosa after hemorrhagic shock. The experiment was performed on 40 rabbits subjected to rapid hemorrhage (18 ml/kg). At 60 min after hemorrhagic shock,animals were given either HTS or 0. 9% normal saline in a volume 1/4 as much as the shed blood. Blood flow was measured using radioactive microspheres. Adenosine nucleotides were assayed using high performance liquid chromatograph. Resuscitation with HTS caused a significant increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP). At 30 min after HTS infusion.the increase in blood flow at the gastric mucosal layer was more pronounced than that at the gastric muscular layer. A significant rise in levels of ATP with reduced ATPase activity was observed in our study. The results suggest that 7. 5% hypertonic saline solution improved the blood flow and energy metabolism in the gastric mucosa. This effect may help to protect the gastric mucosa against injury caused by local ischemia.

Hypertonic saline:a brief overview of hemodynamic response and anti-inflammatory properties in head injury

Hypertonic saline （HS） has been applied in several med- ical areas such as pneumology （asthma, cystic fibrosis and bronchiolytis）, endocrinology （hyponatremia） and especially in emergency medicine, in traumatic and in- flammatory/infectious disorders. It may be composed of 3% or 7.5% sodium chlorate. By far, 3% solution is the most widely studied and used solution （Pinto et al., 2006, 2015; Dekker et al., 2014; Gantner et al., 2014; Shein et al., 2014）.

Inhaled hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis: Reviewing the potential evidence for modulation of neutrophil signalling and function

Cystic fibrosis(CF) is a multisystem disorder with significantly shortened life expectancy. The major cause of mortality and morbidity is lung disease with increasing pulmonary exacerbations and decline in lung function predicting significantly poorer outcomes. The pathogenesis of lung disease in CF is characterised in part by decreased airway surface liquid volume and subsequent failure of normal mucociliary clearance. This leads to accumulation of viscous mucus in the CF airway, providing an ideal environment for bacterial pathogens to grow and colonise, propagating airway inflammation in CF. The use of nebulised hypertonic saline(HTS) treatments has been shown to improve mucus clearance in CF and impact positively upon exacerbations, quality of life, and lung function. Several mechanisms of HTS likely improve outcome, resulting in clinically relevant enhancement in disease parameters related to increase in mucociliary clearance. There is increasing evidence to suggest that HTS is also beneficial through its anti-inflammatory properties and its ability to reduce bacterial activity and biofilm formation. This review will first describe the use of HTS in treatment of CF focusing on its efficacy and tolerability. The emphasis will then change to the potential benefits of aerosolized HTS for the attenuation of receptor mediated neutrophil functions, including down-regulation of oxidative burst activity, adhesion molecule expression, and the suppression of neutrophil degranulation of proteolytic enzymes.

Comparison between Hypertonic Saline with Dextran and Mannitol on Vasodilatation of Encephalic Vessels Using a Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Dogs

This study aimed to investigate whether a small volume of 7.2% hypertonic saline solution with 6% dextran 70 (HSD) is superior to mannitol in vasodilatation of encephalic vessels in the dogs using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Fifteen healthy 2.4 ± 0.9 year-old purpose-bred male Beagle dogs were assigned to receive 5 mL/kg of isotonic saline solution (ISS) as control, 20% mannitol or HSD infusion at a flow rate of 20 mL/kg/hours via right cephalic vein.Venous blood samples were collected immediately before fluid infusion (pre) and every 15 minutes until 120 minutes after the initiation of fluid infusion. Immediately after collection of each blood sample, T1 and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging recordings were undergone. Immediately after HSD infusion, the area of the cross-section of superior sagittal sinus was significantly greater than that of beagles in the other groups (p p < 0.001). Our results indicate that HSD induced a rapid and strong reduction in the area of the cross-section of CSF more than mannitol did. Therefore, it is suggested that 5 mL/kg of HSD might be superior to isovolume of mannitol in inducing vasodilatation in the dog.

Efficacy of Hypertonic Saline and Normal Saline in the Treatment of Chronic Sinusitis

Introduction: Chronic sinusitis affects all age groups and is a cause for significant morbidity. Recent realization that noninfectious inflammatory causes can predispose to infectious sinusitis has evoked renewed interest in developing and documenting efficacious ancillary therapies that could supplement antibiotic use. Hypertonic saline solution has been shown to increase mucociliary clearance and ciliary beat frequency. Objectives: A double blinded randomized comparative study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of hypertonic saline (3.5%) nasal drops and normal saline (0.9%) nasal drops, to assess the tolerance of hypertonic saline nasal drops and to know if hypertonic nasal drops improve the “quality of life” in patients with chronic sinusitis. Methods: Fifty patients diagnosed as chronic sinusitis in the age group of 18-45 years were randomized into two groups;Group A was treated with normal saline and Group B with 3.5% hypertonic saline for a period of 4 weeks. Pre and Post treatment x-rays of the paranasal sinuses (Water’s view) were graded and radiological scores were given accordingly. The symptoms were evaluated before and after treatment using visual analogue score. Patients were queried about tolerance to the nasal solution and scores were given. Conclusion: Hypertonic saline nasal solution is more efficacious than normal saline solution in the treatment of patients with chronic sinusitis. Hypertonic saline nasal solution was well tolerated and it improved quality of life in these patients.

RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION USING HYPERTONIC SALINE SOLUTION INSTILLATION: AN EX VIVO STUDY

Objective To determine whether radiofrequency ablation using hypertonic saline solution instillation can increase the extent of thermally mediated coagulation in ex vivo pig liver tissue. Methods Fifty-six radiofrequency ablation lesions were produced in fresh ex vivo pig’s liver. According to different saline solutions, the lesions were divided into six groups: 25% acetic acid, 18% NaCl, 10% NaCl, 5% NaCl, 0.9% NaCl, and distilled water. After radiofrequency ablation, the lesions size and morphology were measured and compared.Results Using different instillation, the volume of coagulation necrosis was different: 25% acetic acid >18% NaCl >10% NaCl >5% NaCl >0.9% NaCl>distilled water. Conclusion Radiofrequency ablation using hypertonic saline solution instillation can increase the volume of radiofrequency ablation induced necrosis.

Effect of hypertonic saline/dextran 70 on cardiac function in delayed resuscitation of dogs with burn shock

To investigate the effect of hypertonic saline / dextran 70 (HSD) on cardiac function in delayed resuscitation of burn shock. Methods: HSD was used for resuscitation 6 h postburn in dogs and its effect on cardiac function was evaluated byvolume load,MAP, LVSP,LVEDP, + dp/dtmax, -dp/dtmax, CO and SVR. Results: The volume of HSD was 30.50% less duringfirst 24 h postburn and 59.50% less during 4 h after resuscitation than that of lactated Ringer’s solution (LR’s). MAP, LVSP,LVEDP, + dp/dtmax, -dp/dtmax and CO increased and SVR reduced in HSD resuscitation. Conclnsion: Smaller volume of HSD canexpand plasma volume significantly and improve cardiac function in delayed resuscitation of burn shock.

7.5%氯化钠快速注入抗出血性休克犬的效果

目的 观察 7 5 %氯化钠 (NaCl)快速注入抗出血性休克犬的作用。方法 取 5条杂种犬 ,失血至平均动脉压 (MAP) 5 33～6 70kPa,维持此血压 1h后 ,2min内静脉注入 7 5 %NaCl(4ml/kg) ,观察 4h。结果 注入期的血压明显低于休克期 (P <0 0 1)。观察期收缩压 (SP)、舒张压 (DP)、MAP均升高 ,最高可达基础血压水平的百分数分别为 6 4 %± 10 %、6 4 %± 18%及 6 4 %± 14 % ,均明显高于输液前血压 (P <0 0 1)。SP、DP及MAP分别在升高 2 5 0 0± 2 1 2 1、2 8 0 0± 19 5 6及 2 7 0 0± 19 87min后逐步下降。输液结束 3h后死亡 3只。观察期 1h有 1条犬的尿量未达标 ,2h有 4条犬未达标 ,3h有 3条犬的尿量为 0。结论 7 5 %NaCl快速注入抗出血性休克犬的作用维持时间较短且疗效较差。

连续应用7.5%高渗盐水治疗重型颅脑损伤的临床观察

目的探讨7.5%高渗盐水治疗重型颅脑损伤的效果及副作用。方法将50例颅脑损伤患者随机分为高渗盐水治疗组(HTS组,26例)和甘露醇治疗组(M组,24例)。HTS组静脉滴注7.5%高渗盐水2 ml/kg,M组静脉滴注甘露醇250 ml,均为q8h,连续7 d。用药前及用药后第1、3、7天测患者血电解质、渗透压和肾功能,用药前及用药后2周对患者进行GCS评分。结果与用药前相比,用药后6 h两组患者的平均动脉压、心率、呼吸均无统计学差异(P>0.05),而HTS组患者中心静脉压在用药后明显升高(P<0.05)。用药后第1、3、7天HTS组患者血K+、Na+、Cl-、尿素氮、肌酐及血浆渗透压均无显著改变;M组血K+、Na+、Cl-、肌酐及血浆渗透压无显著改变(P>0.05),但用药后第7天尿素氮值较同期HTS组明显升高(P<0.05)。用药2周后,两组患者GCS评分均有明显改善(P<0.05)。结论7.5%高渗盐水降低颅脑损伤引起的高颅内压是安全、有效的,连续使用效果好、副作用少。

7.5%氯化钠快速注入对出血性休克犬血压的影响

为观察 7 5 %的氯化钠 (NaCl)快速静脉注入后出血性休克犬的血压变化 ,取 5条杂种犬 ,失血至平均动脉压 (MAP) 5 3 3～6 7kPa,维持此血压 1h后 ,2min内静脉注入 7 5 %NaCl(4ml/kg)。结果显示 ,2min的注入期可使休克犬的收缩压 (SP)明显高于输液前 (P<0 0 1) ,但舒张压 (DP)则有明显下降 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1) ,最大者甚至较输液前下降了 48 48% ;注射结束后仍有 3条犬的DP未达输液前水平。DP下降的时间为 (96 0± 2 5 1)s。有 4条犬在注射期间发生心律失常 ,另有 1条犬在注射期间发生抽搐达 5 0s。提示 7 5

7.5%高渗盐水与20%甘露醇治疗颅高压的对比研究

目的与20%甘露醇相对比,研究7.5%高渗盐水治疗颅高压的有效性和安全性。方法对23名进行了侧脑室引流手术的伴有颅内压升高的患者随机给予20%甘露醇或7.5%高渗盐水进行降颅压治疗,对基础颅内压、药后30分钟、1小时、3小时的颅内压进行测定,并统计出院时患者GCS评分。结果输注7.5%高渗盐水和20%甘露醇,两者降低颅内压的作用无统计学差异,7.5%高渗盐水对血清电介质影响小,未发生严重并发症。结论7.5%高渗盐水脱水效果肯定,降颅压作用持续时间长,并发症较少。

尼莫地平复合7.5%高渗盐水对七氟醚诱导老龄大鼠海马神经元凋亡的影响

目的探讨尼莫地平复合7.5%高渗盐水对七氟醚诱导老龄大鼠海马神经元凋亡的影响。方法健康雄性Wistar大鼠96只,18月龄,体重450~500g,采用随机数字表法将其分为四组(n=24):对照组(C组)、尼莫地平组(N组)、高渗盐水组(HS组)和尼莫地平+高渗盐水组(NHS组)。C组腹腔和尾静脉注射生理盐水;N组腹腔注射尼莫地平1 mg/kg,尾静脉注射生理盐水;HS组尾静脉注射7.5%高渗盐水4 ml/kg,腹腔注射生理盐水;NHS组腹腔注射尼莫地平1mg/kg,尾静脉注射7.5%高渗盐水4ml/kg。30min后四组大鼠吸入3%七氟醚2h。于麻醉前1d、麻醉后1、3、7d行Morris水迷宫实验,实验结束后每组随机处死8只大鼠,取海马组织,采用流式细胞术测定海马神经元凋亡率和胞浆钙离子浓度;采用RT-PCR法测定海马Bcl-2、Bax的mRNA表达量。结果与C组比较,N、HS、NHS组大鼠麻醉后1、3、7d逃避潜伏期明显缩短,穿越原平台次数明显增加,麻醉后1、7d海马神经元凋亡率和胞浆钙离子浓度明显减低,Bcl-2 mRNA表达量明显上调,Bax mRNA表达量明显下调,Bax/Bcl-2比值明显降低(P<0.05);与NHS组比较,N和HS组大鼠麻醉后1、3、7d逃避潜伏期明显延长,穿越原平台次数明显减少,麻醉后1、7d海马神经元凋亡率和胞浆钙离子浓度明显增高,Bcl-2 mRNA表达量明显下调,Bax mRNA表达量明显上调,Bax/Bcl-2比值明显升高(P<0.05)。结论尼莫地平复合7.5%高渗盐水可抑制钙超载,降低七氟醚诱导老龄大鼠海马神经元凋亡率,且其作用优于单独给药。