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Reversed-Phase-HPLC Assay Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Sorbitol, Sodium Lactate, and Sodium Chlorides in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Drug Solution for Infusion
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作者 Sreenivas Pippalla Venugopal Komreddy +2 位作者 Srinivasulu Kasa Vaishnavi Chintala Poluri Venkata Reddy 《American Journal of Analytical Chemistry》 CAS 2024年第2期57-71,共15页
A rapid, straightforward, sensitive, efficient, and cost-effective reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was employed for the simultaneous determination of Sorbitol, Sodium Lactate, and Chloride... A rapid, straightforward, sensitive, efficient, and cost-effective reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was employed for the simultaneous determination of Sorbitol, Sodium Lactate, and Chlorides in a drug solution for infusion. Sorbitol, Sodium lactate, and Chloride are all officially recognized in the USP monograph. Assay methods are provided through various techniques, with titrations being ineffective for trace-level quantification. Alternatively, IC, AAS, and ICP-MS, though highly accurate, are costly and often unavailable to most testing facilities. When considering methods, it’s important to prioritize both quality control requirements and user-friendly techniques. A simple HPLC simultaneous method was developed for the quantification of Chlorides, Sorbitol, and Sodium Lactate with a shorter run time. The separation utilized a Shimpack SCR-102(H) ion exclusion analytical column (7.9 mm × 300 mm, 7 μm), with a flow rate of 0.6 mL per min. The column compartment temperature was maintained at 40°C, and the injection volume was set at 10 μL, with detection at 200 nm. All measurements were conducted in a 0.1% solution of phosphoric acid. The analytical curves demonstrated linearity (r > 0.9999) in the concentration range of 0.79 to 3.8 mg per mL for Sodium Lactate (SL), 0.16 to 0.79 mg per mL for Sodium Chloride (SC), and 1.5 to 7.2 mg per mL for Sorbitol. Validation of the developed method followed the guidelines of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH Q2B) and USP. The method exhibited precision, robustness, accuracy, and selectivity. In accelerated stability testing over 6 months, no significant variations were observed in organoleptic analysis and pH. Consequently, the developed method is deemed suitable for routine quality control analyses, enabling the simultaneous determination of Sodium Lactate, Sodium Chloride, and Sorbitol in pharmaceutical formulations and infusions. 展开更多
关键词 SORBITOL sodium Lactate and chloride ASSAY Analytical Validation HPLC
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Effectiveness of Sodium Silicate on the Corrosion Protection of AA7075-T6 Aluminium Alloy in Sodium Chloride Solution
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作者 Francesco Rosalbino Giorgio Scavino Graziano Ubertalli 《Materials Sciences and Applications》 2024年第4期53-65,共13页
The influence of sodium silicate on the corrosion behaviour of aluminium alloy 7075-T6 in 0.1 M sodium chloride solution was studied by open circuit potential (OCP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tec... The influence of sodium silicate on the corrosion behaviour of aluminium alloy 7075-T6 in 0.1 M sodium chloride solution was studied by open circuit potential (OCP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the AA7075-T6 surface. Silicate can significantly reduce corrosion deterioration and the inhibition efficiency increases with the concentration of Na<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub>. The corrosion inhibition mechanism involves the formation of a protective film over the alloy surface by adsorption of aluminosilicate anions from solution, as has also been suggested by others in literature. 展开更多
关键词 Aluminium Alloy 7075-T6 SILICATE sodium chloride Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
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Overcoming the Na-ion conductivity bottleneck for the cost-competitive chloride solid electrolytes
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作者 Lv Hu Hui Li +3 位作者 Fang Chen Yating Liu Jinzhu Wang Cheng Ma 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第8期1-8,I0001,共9页
Chloride solid electrolytes possess multiple advantages for the construction of safe,energy-dense allsolid-state sodium batteries,but presently the chlorides with sufficiently high cost-competitiveness for commerciali... Chloride solid electrolytes possess multiple advantages for the construction of safe,energy-dense allsolid-state sodium batteries,but presently the chlorides with sufficiently high cost-competitiveness for commercialization almost all exhibit low Na-ion conductivities of around 10^(-5)S cm^(-1)or lower.Here,we report a chloride solid electrolyte,Na_(2.7)ZFCl_(5.3)O_(0.7),which reaches a Na-ion conductivity of 2.29×10^(-4)S cm^(-1)at 25℃without involving overly expensive raw materials such as rare-earth chlorides or Na_(2)S.In addition to the efficient ion transport,Na_(2.7)ZrCl_(5.3)O_(0.7)also shows an excellent deformability surpassing that of the widely studied Na_(3)PS_(4),Na_(3)SbS_(4),and Na_(2)ZrCl_(6)solid electrolytes.The combination of these advantages allows the all-solid-state cell based on Na_(2.7)ZrCl_(5.3)O_(0.7)and NaCrO_(2)to realize stable room-temperature cycling at a much higher specific current than those based on other non-viscoelastic chloride solid electrolytes in literature(120 mA g^(-1)vs.12-55 mA g^(-1));after 100 cycles at such a high rate,the Na_(2.7)ZFCl_(5.3)O_(0.7)-based cell can still deliver a discharge capacity of 80 mAh g^(-1)at25℃. 展开更多
关键词 All-solid-state sodium batteries Ionic conductivities Solid electrolytes chlorides High voltage stability
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Whole-process optimization for industrial production of glucosamine sulfate sodium chloride based on QbD concept
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作者 Yingjun Lin 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第2期153-161,共9页
The double salt of glucosamine sulfate sodium chloride(glucosamine-SP) is an important pharmaceuticals ingredient for healing osteoarthritis. However, the study about its industrial production is rarely documented, le... The double salt of glucosamine sulfate sodium chloride(glucosamine-SP) is an important pharmaceuticals ingredient for healing osteoarthritis. However, the study about its industrial production is rarely documented, let alone the optimization over the whole process to produce glucosamine-SP using glucosamine hydrochloride and anhydrous sodium sulfate as synthetic raw materials. In order to improve the production efficiency, this study screened the process parameters based on the concept of quality by design(QbD), optimized 13 operational parameters related to reaction and separation in the process, and finally proposed the mixed dropping process. The reaction conditions for the preparation of glucosamineSP were found as follows: the molar ratio of anhydrous sodium sulfate to glucosamine hydrochloride is 0.42, the mass ratio of water to glucosamine hydrochloride is is 2.0, the reaction temperature is 50 ℃ and the reaction time is 1 h. Through step-by-step scaling up following QbD, the mixed dropping process was successfully applied to achieve a trial production of 200 kg products satisfying national quality standards.In all, the results of this study have high technical value and guiding significance for the industrial mass production of glucosamine-SP. 展开更多
关键词 Glucosamine sulfate sodium chloride OPTIMIZATION Quality by design(QbD) PRODUCTION Glucosamine hydrochloride sodium sulfate
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Effect of Berberine Chloride on Experimental Murine Colitis Induced by Dextran Sulfate Sodium 被引量:5
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作者 舒德忠 万先惠 +2 位作者 刘华蓉 杨俊卿 周岐新 《Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences》 CAS 2006年第3期182-187,共6页
Aim To investigate the effect in berberine chloride (BER) on experimental ulcerative colitis in mice. Methods BALB/C mice in 6 groups were allowed to drink either 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) solution or distil... Aim To investigate the effect in berberine chloride (BER) on experimental ulcerative colitis in mice. Methods BALB/C mice in 6 groups were allowed to drink either 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) solution or distilled water freely with different doses of BER (15 mg·kg^-1, 45 mg·kg^-1, 150 mg·kg^-1) or sallcylazosulfapyridine (SASP, 520 mg·kg^-1), and solvent (0. 2 mL/10 mg Wt) once a day for 7 d, respectively. The symptom of ulcerative colitis was evaluated by disease activity index (DAI). Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were determined by HE staining and immunohistochemistry of expressions of NF-κB p65 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 ( ICAM-1 ) proteins to observe the damage to colon tissues and possible mechanisms. Results DAI, MPO activity, MDA content and expressions of ICAM-1 and NF-κB p65 were markedly increased, while SOD activity decreased in DSS-treated mice. Treatment of mice with different doses of BER or SASP significantly decreased DAI, MPO activity and MDA content, improved histological changes of colon tissues, blunted the expressions of NF-κB p65 and ICAM-1 proteins, and enhanced SOD activity. Conclusion Berberine chloride has excellent therapeutic effect on ulcerative colitis caused by DSS in mice. The possible mechanism may be related to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities associated with inhibiting the NF-κB activation and ICAM-1 expression. 展开更多
关键词 berberine chloride ulcerative colitis dextran sulfate sodium BALB/C mice
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Manifestations in Corrosion Prophase of Ultra-high Strength Steel 30CrMnSiNi2 A in Sodium Chloride Solutions 被引量:4
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作者 刘建华 WEN Chen +2 位作者 YU Mei LI Songmei WANG Ruiyang 《Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science)》 SCIE EI CAS 2014年第2期367-373,共7页
The corrosion behaviors of ultra-high strength steel 30CrMnSiNi2A in sodium chloride solution were studied by weight loss and electrochemical methods. The morphology of corrosion products was observed using scanning e... The corrosion behaviors of ultra-high strength steel 30CrMnSiNi2A in sodium chloride solution were studied by weight loss and electrochemical methods. The morphology of corrosion products was observed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and the composition was analyzed using an energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The experimental results showed that the corrosion came from pitting corrosion and the rust layer was composed of outer rust layer γ-FeOOH and inner rust layer Fe_2O_3 with a little β-FeOOH. The correlation between corrosion rate and test time accorded with exponential rule. The corrosion current measured by polarization methods was higher than that calculated by weight loss method after a long-time immersion, the main reason was that,β-FeOOH and γ-Fe_2O_3 transformed by γ-FeOOH led to overestimating corrosion rate. The processes of corrosion prophase were obtained from XRD and EIS results. The corrosion product, Fe(OH)_2 formed at the initial stage stayed at a non-steady state and then consequently transferred to γ-FeOOH, γ-Fe_2O_3 or β-FeOOH. 展开更多
关键词 30CRMNSINI2A ultra-high strength steel sodium chloride corrosion prophase
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Changes of protein oxidation,lipid oxidation and lipolysis in Chinese dry sausage with different sodium chloride curing salt content 被引量:24
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作者 Bing Zhao Huimin Zhou +7 位作者 Shunliang Zhang Xiaoqian Pan Su Li Ning Zhu Qianrong Wu Shouwei Wang Xiaoling Qiao Wenhua Chen 《Food Science and Human Wellness》 SCIE 2020年第4期328-337,共10页
The effect of sodium chloride(NaCl)curing salt content on protein oxidation,lipid oxidation and lipolysis of Chinese dry sausage was investigated.Two groups Chinese dry sausages with 2%and 4%(m/m)salt content were stu... The effect of sodium chloride(NaCl)curing salt content on protein oxidation,lipid oxidation and lipolysis of Chinese dry sausage was investigated.Two groups Chinese dry sausages with 2%and 4%(m/m)salt content were studied.The degree of protein oxidation increased during the processes in two groups sausages,while the content of phospholipids decreased,neutral lipids and free fatty acids increased.The degree of protein oxidation,lipid oxidation and lipolysis in 4%NaCl content group was higher than those in 2%NaCl content group,while 4%NaCl content group has higher lipase activity.In conclusion,4%NaCl may facilitate the protein oxidation,lipid hydrolysis and oxidation in Chinese dry sausage,and the protein oxidation had strong correlation with lipid oxidation and lipolysis.The results could provide a basis for improving the technology of industrial production. 展开更多
关键词 Chinese dry sausage sodium chloride Protein oxidation Lipids oxidation LIPOLYSIS
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Effect of Sodium Chloride on Meltability of Mozzarella Cheese 被引量:2
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作者 Zhang Jian-qiang Li Hao +2 位作者 Bian Chun Cao Rong-an Zhang Li-ping 《Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition)》 CAS 2014年第3期68-75,共8页
Meltability is one of the most important properties of Mozzarella cheese, as it is generally used in pizza and other foods. Mozzarella was prepared by no salted and immature production technology, and the effect of di... Meltability is one of the most important properties of Mozzarella cheese, as it is generally used in pizza and other foods. Mozzarella was prepared by no salted and immature production technology, and the effect of different addition amounts of salt on the meltability of mozzarella cheese was measured by Schreiber method and small amplitude oscillatory shear analysis(SAOSA) method. The results showed that different adding amounts of NaCl had significant influence on the meltability of Mozzarella cheese, and 2% NaCl addition was the best condition. The results measured by the methods of Schreiber and SAOSA were basically same: adding different amounts of NaCl had significant influence on the hardness and elasticity of mozzarella cheese, but no significant influence on the sticky. It was a good microscopic structure arrangement of Mozzarella cheese with 2% NaCl addition. Scanning electron micrographs showed that a space grid structure formed by casein had changed, and formed many uniform molecular holes. The results indicated that different addition amounts of salt had influence on meltability of no salted immature Mozzarella cheese, and this technology could be drastically shorten the processing time. 展开更多
关键词 Mozzarella cheese MELTABILITY sodium chloride SAOSA Schreiber
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Generation of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) from sodium chloride solution using C/PbO_2 and Pb/PbO_2 electrodes 被引量:1
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作者 Nasser Abu Ghalwa Hassan Tamos +1 位作者 Mohamed ElAskalni Abed Rhman El Agha 《International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2012年第6期561-566,共6页
Two modified electrodes (Pb/PbO2 and C/PbO2) were prepared by electrodepositing a lead oxide layer on lead and carbon sub- strates. These modified electrodes were used as anodes for the generation of sodium hypochlo... Two modified electrodes (Pb/PbO2 and C/PbO2) were prepared by electrodepositing a lead oxide layer on lead and carbon sub- strates. These modified electrodes were used as anodes for the generation of sodium hypochlorite (NaOC1) from sodium chloride solution. Different operating conditions and factors affecting the treatment process of NaOC1 generation, including current density, pH values, con- ductive electrolytes, and electrolysis time, were studied and optimized. By comparison the C/PbO2 electrode shows a higher efficiency than the Pb/PbO2 electrode for the generation of NaOC1. 展开更多
关键词 sodium hypochlorite sodium chloride lead oxide ELECTRODEPOSITION ELECTRODES
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Enhanced extraction of scandium and inhibiting of iron from acid leaching solution of red mud by D2EHPA and sodium chloride 被引量:3
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作者 LIWang LIU Yue ZHU Xiao-bo 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2021年第10期3029-3039,共11页
D2EHPA(P204),tri-butyl-phosphate(TBP)and sodium chloride(NaCl)were attractive for selective extraction of scandium from acid leaching solution of red mud.The extraction parameters of P204 concentration(X_(P204)),NaCl ... D2EHPA(P204),tri-butyl-phosphate(TBP)and sodium chloride(NaCl)were attractive for selective extraction of scandium from acid leaching solution of red mud.The extraction parameters of P204 concentration(X_(P204)),NaCl concentration(C_(NaCl)),pH value,reaction time,stirring speed and O/A were investigated to extract scandium and separate iron from the acid leaching solution.The extraction mechanism was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)and thermodynamic theory.The single-stage extraction efficiency of scandium,iron andβ(Sc/Fe)were 99.1%,9.4%and 1061.2,respectively,with C_(NaCl) of 75 g/L and XP204 of 0.75 at solution pH value of 1.2 and stirring speed of 200 r/min for 6 min,in which a good separation effect of scandium and iron was obtained.The vibration absorption peak Sc─O was contributed to the extraction of scandium with P204.The complex[FeCln]^(3−n) existed in the solution with adding NaCl into the acid leaching solution.The value of n was higher and the valence state of the complex[FeCln]^(3−n) was lower with an increase of chloride concentration,which restricts the extraction efficiency of iron with P204.The extraction of three stages in the counter-current simulation experiments was carried out according to the McCabe-Thiele diagram.Gibbs free energy change(ΔG)of−5.93 kJ/mol,enthalpy change(ΔH)of 23.45 kJ/mol and entropy change(ΔH)of 98.54 J/(mol·K)were obtained in the solvent extraction proces,which indicate that the extraction reaction is easily spontaneous and endothermic and a proper increase of temperature is conducive to the extraction of scandium. 展开更多
关键词 SCANDIUM selective extraction D2EHPA/sodium chloride leaching solution red mud
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Effect of Sodium Chloride and Cadmium on the Growth, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii 被引量:2
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作者 LI Chunsheng XU Ying +2 位作者 JIANG Wei LV Xin DONG Xiaoyan 《Journal of Ocean University of China》 SCIE CAS 2014年第3期460-466,共7页
Zygosaccharomyces rouxii is a salt-tolerant yeast species capable of removing cadmium(Cd) pollutant from aqueous solution. Presently, the physiological characteristics of Z. rouxii under the stress of sodium chloride(... Zygosaccharomyces rouxii is a salt-tolerant yeast species capable of removing cadmium(Cd) pollutant from aqueous solution. Presently, the physiological characteristics of Z. rouxii under the stress of sodium chloride(NaCl) and Cd are poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of NaCl and Cd on the growth, oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities of Z. rouxii after stress treatment for 24 h. Results showed that NaCl or Cd alone negatively affected the growth of Z. rouxii, but the growth-inhibiting effect of Cd on Z. rouxii was reduced in the presence of NaCl. Flow cytometry assay showed that under Cd stress, NaCl significantly reduced the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS) and cell death of Z. rouxii compared with those in the absence of NaCl. The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), and peroxidase(POD) of Z. rouxii were significantly enhanced by 2%–6% NaCl, which likely contributed to the high salt tolerance of Z. rouxii. The POD activity was inhibited by 20 mg L-1Cd while the SOD and CAT activities were enhanced by 8 mg L-1 Cd and inhibited by 20 mg L-1 or 50 mg L-1 Cd. The inhibitory effect of high-level Cd on the antioxidant enzyme activities of Z. rouxii was counteracted by the combined use of NaCl, especially at 6%. This probably accounted for the decrease in Cd-induced ROS production and cell death of Z. rouxii after incubation with NaCl and Cd. Our work provided physiological clues as to the use of Z. rouxii as a biosorbent for Cd removal from seawater and liquid highly salty food. 展开更多
关键词 CADMIUM sodium chloride Zygosaccharomyces rouxii reactive oxygen species antioxidant enzymes
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Reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones using sodium borohydride in the presence of silica chloride under solvent-free conditions 被引量:1
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作者 Heshmatollah Alinezhad Mahmood Tajbakhsh Neda Hamidi 《Chinese Chemical Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2010年第1期47-50,共4页
A simple and convenient procedure for the preparation of amines from aldehydes and ketones with sodium borohydride activated by silica chloride as a catalyst under solvent-free conditions is described.A variety of ali... A simple and convenient procedure for the preparation of amines from aldehydes and ketones with sodium borohydride activated by silica chloride as a catalyst under solvent-free conditions is described.A variety of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes,ketones and amines when mixed with NaBH;/silica chloride at room temperature,afforded excellent yield of the corresponding amines. 展开更多
关键词 Reductive amination Silica chloride Solvent-free conditions sodium borohydride
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Corrosion Fatigue Behavior of Duplex Stainless Steel in 3.5% Sodium Chloride Solution 被引量:1
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作者 S. H Abubakir, Yinshun Wu, Baofeng Ding, Jiuqing Li Bei Cao (Material Science and Engineering School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China) 《Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing》 CSCD 2001年第2期133-136,共4页
The corrosion fatigue behavior of duplex stainless steel (DSS) was studied at different cyclic stress levels in 3.5%NaCl (mass fraction, so as the follows) solution (pH=7) at 50 degreesC. The results showed that DSS w... The corrosion fatigue behavior of duplex stainless steel (DSS) was studied at different cyclic stress levels in 3.5%NaCl (mass fraction, so as the follows) solution (pH=7) at 50 degreesC. The results showed that DSS was susceptible to pitting corrosion and corrosion fatigue. Both intergranluar corrosion cracking and transgranlular corrosion cracking initiated at the bottom of pitting holes. Furthermore, the corrosion fatigue properties of DSS in 3.5%NaCl solution may be relatived to complex electrochemical and mechanical coupling effects between the three phases (austenite, ferrite and martensite), where martensite and ferrite were anodic in the corrosion cell and could be prone to cracking under certain condition. 展开更多
关键词 corrosion fatigue duplex stainless steel sodium chloride solution
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Electrochemical Deposition and Nucleation of Aluminum on Tungsten in Aluminum Chloride-Sodium Chloride Melts 被引量:4
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作者 Zhaowen WANG Hongmin KAN Zhongning SHI Bingliang GAO Yungang BAN Xianwei HU 《Journal of Materials Science & Technology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2008年第6期915-920,共6页
Electrochemical deposition and nucleation of aluminum on tungsten electrode from AlCl3-NaCl melts were studied by cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry and chronoamperometry. Cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiomet... Electrochemical deposition and nucleation of aluminum on tungsten electrode from AlCl3-NaCl melts were studied by cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry and chronoamperometry. Cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry analyses showed that Al (Ⅲ) was reduced at 200℃ in two consecutive steps in an electrolyte of molten AlCl3-NaCl system with a composition 52:48 molar ratio. The current-time characteristics of nucleation aluminum on tungsten showed a strong dependence on overpotentials. Chronoamperometry showed that the deposition process of aluminum on tungsten was controlled by an instantaneous nucleation with a hemispherical diffusion-controlled growth mechanism. The results could lead to a better understanding of the AlCl3-NaCl melt system that has technological importance in electrodeposition of metals as well as in rechargeable batteries. 展开更多
关键词 Electrochemical deposition Aluminum-sodium chloride melts ALUMINUM TUNGSTEN NUCLEATION
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Corrosion Resistance ofAA6063-Type AI-Mg-Si Alloy by Silicon Carbide in Sodium Chloride Solution for Marine Application 被引量:1
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作者 Ojo Sunday Isaac Fayomi Malik Abdulwahab +1 位作者 Abimbola Patricia ldowu Popoola Ferdinand Asuke 《Journal of Marine Science and Application》 CSCD 2015年第4期459-462,共4页
The present work focused on corrosion inhibition of AA6063 type Al-Mg-Si alloy in sodium chloride (NaCI) solution with a silicon carbide inhibitor, using the potentiodynamic electrochemical method. The aluminium all... The present work focused on corrosion inhibition of AA6063 type Al-Mg-Si alloy in sodium chloride (NaCI) solution with a silicon carbide inhibitor, using the potentiodynamic electrochemical method. The aluminium alloy surface morphology was examined, in the as-received and as-corroded in the un-inhibited state, with scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The results obtained via linear polarization indicated a high corrosion potential for the unprotected as-received alloy. Equally, inhibition efficiency as high as 98.82% at 10.0 g/v silicon carbide addition was obtained with increased polarization resistance fRy), while the current density reduced significantly for inhibited samples compared to the un-inhibited aluminium alloy. The adsorption mechanism of the inhibitor aluminium alloy follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. This shows that the corrosion rate of aluminium alloy with silicon carbide in NaCI environment decreased significantly with addition of the inhibitor. 展开更多
关键词 corrosion resistance silicon carbide sodium chloride (NaCI) aluminium alloy interface inhibition efficiency thin film adsorption isotherm potentiodynamic electrochemical method marine application
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Analgesic effect of intrathecal bumetanide is accompanied by changes in spinal sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 and potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 expression in a rat model of incisional pain 被引量:2
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作者 Yanbing He Shiyuan Xu +1 位作者 Junjie Huang Qingjuan Gong 《Neural Regeneration Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2014年第10期1055-1062,共8页
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 and potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 have a role in the modulation of pain transmission at the spinal level through chlorid... Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 and potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 have a role in the modulation of pain transmission at the spinal level through chloride regulation in the pain pathway and by effecting neuronal excitability and pain sensitization. The present study aimed to investigate the analgesic effect of the speciifc sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 inhibitor bumetanide, and the change in spinal sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 and potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 expression in a rat model of incisional pain. Results showed that intrathecal bumetanide could decrease cumulative pain scores, and could increase thermal and mechanical pain thresholds in a rat model of incisional pain. Sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 expression in-creased in neurons from dorsal root ganglion and the deep laminae of the ipsilateral dorsal horn following incision. By contrast, potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 expression decreased in neurons of the deep laminae from the ipsilateral dorsal horn. These ifndings suggest that spinal sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 expression was up-regulated and spinal potassi-um-chloride co-transporter 2 expression was down-regulated following incision. Intrathecal bumetanide has analgesic effects on incisional pain through inhibition of sodium-potassi-um-chloride co-transporter 1. 展开更多
关键词 nerve regeneration sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 BUMETANIDE spinal cord dorsal root ganglion incision model postoperative pain neural regeneration
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Sodium chloride methanol solution spin-coating process for bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells
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作者 刘统方 胡煜峰 +8 位作者 邓振波 李熊 朱丽杰 王越 吕龙锋 王铁宁 娄志东 侯延冰 滕枫 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2016年第8期474-478,共5页
The sodium chloride methanol solution process is conducted on the conventional poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT)/[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester(PC_(61)BM) polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells. The de... The sodium chloride methanol solution process is conducted on the conventional poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT)/[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester(PC_(61)BM) polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells. The device exhibits a power conversion efficiency of up to 3.36%, 18% higher than that of the device without the solution process. The measurements of the active layer by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), atomic force microscopy(AFM), and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy(UPS) indicate a slight phase separation in the vertical direction and a sodium chloride distributed island-like interface between the active layer and the cathode. The capacitance–voltage(C–V) and impedance spectroscopy measurements prove that the sodium chloride methanol process can reduce the electron injection barrier and improve the interfacial contact of polymer solar cells. Therefore, this one-step solution process not only optimizes the phase separation in the active layers but also forms a cathode buffer layer, which can enhance the generation, transport, and collection of photogenerated charge carriers in the device simultaneously. This work indicates that the inexpensive and non-toxic sodium chloride methanol solution process is an efficient one-step method for the low cost manufacturing of polymer solar cells. 展开更多
关键词 sodium chloride METHANOL polymer solar cell phase separation
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Effect of Different Amounts of Sodium Chloride on the Meltability of Mozzarella Cheese
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作者 Chun BIAN Liping ZHANG +3 位作者 Hao LI Jianqiang ZHANG Rong'an CAO Langyang JI 《Agricultural Biotechnology》 CAS 2014年第3期37-41,共5页
The effect of different amounts of salt(NaCl)on the meltability of Mozzarella cheese was measured by Schreiber method and small amplitude oscillatory shear analysis(SAOSA)method.The results showed that different a... The effect of different amounts of salt(NaCl)on the meltability of Mozzarella cheese was measured by Schreiber method and small amplitude oscillatory shear analysis(SAOSA)method.The results showed that different addition amounts of NaCl had significant influence on the meltability of Mozzarella cheese,and2%NaCl addition was the best condition for cheese melting.The results measured by Schreiber method and SAOSA method were basically the same.Adding different amounts of NaCl had significant influence on the hardness and elasticity of Mozzarella cheese but no significant influence on the stickiness.The microscopic structure of Mozzarella cheese with 2%NaCl addition was arranged orderly.Scanning electron micrographs showed the space grid structure formed by casein had changed and formed many uniform molecular holes. 展开更多
关键词 Mozzarella cheese MELTABILITY sodium chloride SAOSA
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Study on the Diffusion Coefficient of Sodium Chloride at Infinite Dilution in Supercritical Water
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作者 肖吉 陆九芳 +1 位作者 陈健 李以圭 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2003年第2期208-212,共5页
The molecular dynamics (MD) was employed to simulate the diffusion coefficient of sodium chloride at infinite dilution in supercritical water from 703.2 K to 763.2 K and from 30 MPa to 45 MPa. Based on the simulated d... The molecular dynamics (MD) was employed to simulate the diffusion coefficient of sodium chloride at infinite dilution in supercritical water from 703.2 K to 763.2 K and from 30 MPa to 45 MPa. Based on the simulated data and the Patel-Teja(PT) equation of state and the Liu-Ruckenstein equation, an equation for calculating the diffusion coefficient of NaCl at infinite dilution in supercritical water is proposed. Both the agreement between the simulated and correlated data, and that between the simulated and predicted data of diffusion coefficients for NaCl in supercritical water ranging from 703.2K to 803.2 K and from 25 MPa to 50 MPa show that this equation is applicable for the calculation of diffusion coefficients. 展开更多
关键词 diffusion coefficient sodium chloride supercritical water
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Three-dimensional oxygen-doped porous graphene:Sodium chloridetemplate preparation,structural characterization and supercapacitor performances
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作者 Zesheng Li Bolin Li +6 位作者 Lijun Du Weiliang Wang Xichun Liao Huiqing Yu Changlin Yu Hongqiang Wang Qingyu Li 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2021年第12期304-314,共11页
Supercapacitor is a new type of energy storage device,which has the advantages of high-power property and long cycle life.In this study,three-dimensional graphene(3 D-GN)with oxygen doping and porous structure was pre... Supercapacitor is a new type of energy storage device,which has the advantages of high-power property and long cycle life.In this study,three-dimensional graphene(3 D-GN)with oxygen doping and porous structure was prepared from graphene oxide(GO)by an inexpensive sodium chloride(NaCl)template,as a promising electrode material for the supercapacitor.The structure,morphology,specific surface area,pore size,of the sample were characterized by XRD,SEM,TEM and BET techniques.The electrochemical performances of the sample were tested by CV and CDC techniques.The 3 D-GE product is a threedimensional nano material with hierarchical porous structures,its specific surface area is much larger than that of routine stacked graphene(GN),and it contains a large number of mesoporous and macropores,a small amount of micropores.The capacitance characteristics of the 3 D-GN electrode material are excellent,showing high specific capacitance(173.5 F·g^(-1)at 1 A·g^(-1)),good rate performance(109.2 F·g^(-1)at 8 A·g^(-1))and long cycle life(88%capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles at 8 A·g^(-1)) 展开更多
关键词 3-D porous graphene Template preparation sodium chloride SUPERCAPACITOR
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