Reevaluating health metrics:Unraveling the limitations of disabilityadjusted life years as an indicator in disease burden assessment

In 1993,the World Bank released a global report on the efficacy of health promotion,introducing the disability-adjusted life years(DALY)as a novel indicator.The DALY,a composite metric incorporating temporal and qualitative data,is grounded in preferences regarding disability status.This review delineates the algorithm used to calculate the value of the proposed DALY synthetic indicator and elucidates key methodological challenges associated with its application.In contrast to the quality-adjusted life years approach,derived from multi-attribute utility theory,the DALY stands as an independent synthetic indicator that adopts the assumptions of the Time Trade Off utility technique to define Disability Weights.Claiming to rely on no mathematical or economic theory,DALY users appear to have exempted themselves from verifying whether this indicator meets the classical properties required of all indicators,notably content validity,reliability,specificity,and sensitivity.The DALY concept emerged primarily to facilitate comparisons of the health impacts of various diseases globally within the framework of the Global Burden of Disease initiative,leading to numerous publications in international literature.Despite widespread adoption,the DALY synthetic indicator has prompted significant methodological concerns since its inception,manifesting in inconsistent and non-reproducible results.Given the substantial diffusion of the DALY indicator and its critical role in health impact assessments,a reassessment is warranted.This reconsideration is imperative for enhancing the robustness and reliability of public health decisionmaking processes.

RESEARCH ON THE APPLICATION OF RARE EARTHS IN IRON AND STEEL IN RECENT YEARS

China has the biggest rare earths resource in the world,no wonder she pays much at-tention to the application of rare earth metals (REM).The application of REM in iron andsteel in China began at the end of 1950’s.The production of REM-treated iron and steelhad been made steady progress in the period of 1980’s.The production of REM-treatediron and steel in 1989 was 1.4 million tons and 250,000 tons respectively.The interest oftreating steel with REM in China keeps growing even in these years,It comes from the nat-

A reflection on the significant findings published in Zoological Research over the past 35 years

Since its founding in 1980 by a group of first generation biologists after the reform and opening of China,Zoological Research（ZR）has followed a rather long and difficult 35-year journey.However,through the excellent guidance of our former and current editors-in-chief,the extraordinary members of the editorial board and reviewers,and most importantly,

70 Years of China’s Finance:History,Contributions and Prospects

Over the past 70 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,great changes have been seen in the financial industry in terms of its nature,function,scale,structure and other features.It has experienced six stages of development,namely,inception and consolidation,arduous growth,exploration and restructuring,segmentation,fictitious economy orientation,and real economy promotion and risk prevention.The tremendous success and useful experience made during this period have largely bolstered the prosperity and stability of the Chinese economy,improved Chinese people’s living standards,and exerted a profound impact on China’s economy and society.Based on its development pattern,the Chinese financial sector will expect further openingup at home and abroad and a growing capacity in serving the real economy,while new business forms and models will emerge rapidly and stronger preventive measures against financial risks will be needed.In response to the financial development in the new era,proactive and pragmatic measures need to be in place to safeguard the stable and sound development of the financial industry.

Review of Marxist Political Party Theory Innovation Over the 70 Years Since the Establishment of PRC

since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China,the central leader-groups from generation to generation have been continuously exploring and innovating Marxist political party theory in terms of its value target,ideological construction,working style,and organization developments.This process can be categorized into five stages:the founding stage in Mao Zedong’s era,the development stage in Deng Xiaoping’s ear,the promotion stage in Jiang Zemin’s times,the deepening stage under Hu Jintao’s leadership,and the stage of further innovation by Xi Jinping in the new era,with the characteristics of inheritance,development as well as scientificity and valuation.

CAS RESEARCH CONTINGENT CONSTRUCTION IN THE PAST 50 YEARS

The achievement of high-level R&D results and the nurture of high-level research professionals are the two principal missions committed to the CAS by our nation. So, the development of a competent research contingent is ever regarded as a top priority in the work agenda of CAS leaders, and this is a topic of vital importance to the Party, the central government and the people.

Risk factors of morbidity after pulmonary resection for lung cancer in patients older than 70 years

Objective This study is to analyse the clinical feature and risk factors of morbidity after pulmonary resection for lung cancer in patients older than 70 years. Methods The clinical records of 222 patients older than 70 years who had undergone pulmonary resection for their lung cancer were reviewed. The patients were divided into 3 groups,group I including the patients who had

A New finding pushes back the history of flying mammals by 70 million years

Teaming up with their US coworkers, CAS paleontologists have discovered, in Ningcheng of northern China’s

和平解放70年来西藏体育科学研究概况与历程回顾

综合运用专家访谈、文献资料、历史研究等方法对和平解放70年来西藏体育科学研究的发展概况与历程回顾进行了深入分析,旨在全面梳理和平解放以来西藏体育科学研究的发展概况与历程回顾,有助于人们正确认识西藏体育科学研究取得的辉煌成就和发展历程,并为今后从事西藏体育科学研究指明方向和提供参考意见。研究认为体育科学研究是西藏体育事业的重要组成部分,和平解放70年以来西藏体育科学研究取得了辉煌成就,在发文总量、图书出版以及项目获批等方面都取得了巨大成就。西藏体育科学研究经历了起步(1951-1977年)、缓慢(1978-1984年)、提升(1985-2000年)、蓬勃(2001-2011年)和繁荣(2012-至今)5个阶段。通过全面概括西藏体育科学研究发展概况,分析西藏体育科学研究历程,可以管窥今后西藏体育科学研究的发展趋势如下:(1)以满足广大西藏人民群众对美好体育生活的需求为出发点和落脚点,着重强化西藏体育优势领域的再研究和再探讨;(2)紧跟国家方针政策和国家发展需求,加强对国家宏观政策和国家社会发展理念中的西藏体育研究;(3)关注体育领域的热点问题,积极回应和阐释西藏体育发展中的关键问题、难点问题和重点问题;(4)重视西藏体育史研究,加强西藏体育回顾与展望研究。

Research and development of deepwater offshore linepipe of Baosteel UOE SAWL X70 of heavy wall thickness and large diameter

Baoshan Iron ＆ Steel Co.,Ltd., （referred to as Baosteel） in China first succeeded in developing the U-ing-O- ing-Expanding （UOE） longitudinal submerged arc welded pipes （SAWLs） offshore linepipe of a maximum thickness/ outside diameter （T/D） 0.042 in 2011. Described in this paper is the research and development of the X70 UOE SAWL pipes by the company. The result shows that the said X70 linepipe has been in compliance with relevant requirements as specified in Specifications DNV-OS-F101 ,and has been successfully used in the South China Sea deepwater gas pipeline project.

Impact of Non-Clinical Years on Surgery Residents’ Technical Skills: Evaluation of a Technical Skills Refresher Curriculum

We ascertained the opinions of residents and faculty regarding technical skills decay during non-clinical training years and evaluated the effectiveness of a technical skills refresher curriculum (TSRC) offered to residents in the month prior to rejoining clinical training years. 32 faculty and 14 residents completed surveys which gleaned opinions regarding technical skills decay during non-clinical years. Six residents completed a TSRC during the month prior to rejoining clinical training. We compared clinical evaluations of the residents who completed the TSRC to residents who rejoined clinical training prior to the implementation of the curriculum. Surveys indicated that residents and faculty believe that non-clinical years have a slightly negative impact on technical skills and residents who completed dedicated research years would require up to 4 months for technical skills to return to the level of their non-research peers. Residents who completed the TSRC reported having significantly higher comfort levels with their technical skills after the curriculum

New Year address from Zoological Research

Time is flying. As Chuang Tzu, a Zhou Dynasty Chinese philosopher, said ＂time goes like a young horse scampering past a narrow cleft＂. The end of a year is a link between what came before and what follows, and is an opportune time for reflection and anticipation.

New Year Address of Zoological Research

The year 2016 was a wonderful and important one for Zoological Research（ZR）.In recognition of its impressive progress and great potential to develop into a leading journal in the field,ZR is now supported by the“Project for Enhancing International Impact of China STM Journals”（PIIJ）（Class B）（2016–2018）.

2018 New Year Address of Zoological Research

At the beginning of a wonderful new year, we look back at Zoological Research （ZR） in 2017. We are very grateful to all our readers and authors for your dedication and continued support of ZR. Your ideas, input, and enthusiasm have been of immense value in helping us to improve the journal. Here, we would like to share a few memorable events and people of the past year.

The Particularity of the Development of Labor Relationship in the 70-Year History of the People’s Republic of China

The past seven decades witnesses a stage marked by"ossification-consolidation-emptiness"as regards domestic labor relationship.It is highly probable that China is to be inaugurated by the stage of"falsification"in forthcoming days.A major cause is rooted in that labor relationship is the output of economic development that would request that labor relationship chime with it.The development course of labor relationship since the founding of PRC explicitly evinces that"flexibility"might be incurred in case labor relationship fails to align with economic development and with demands of marketing competitiveness.It might even propel main bodies of labor relationship to circumvent labor laws,as is verified by prevalence of large-scaled labor dispatching,and of"labor dispatching under the disguise of outsourcing".Lawmakers thus need to further ruminate over degree of tolerance on labor legislation.

新中国果树科学研究70年——桃

我国是桃及其多个近缘种的起源中心。新中国成立70年来,经过科技工作者广泛的资源考察,收集了国内外大量种质资源,培育了623个桃品种。依托有关单位建成了郑州、南京、北京3个国家桃种质资源圃。科研人员在栽培模式、整形修剪、科学施肥、花果管理、设施栽培、病虫害综合防控、采后贮藏加工等方面开展研究,取得了显著成果,为延长鲜果供应期、丰富果实类型、提升桃果品质提供了保障,支撑了我国桃产业的发展。今后的工作重点将围绕关键基因的挖掘定位、育种技术的创新、以及抗性、低需冷量、省工省力、适应机械操作品种等方面展开。通过优质、安全、高效的现代栽培技术以及采后技术的研发,为桃产业的可持续发展提供技术支撑。

新中国果树科学研究70年——葡萄

葡萄(Vitis spp.)是起源最古老的植物之一,我国葡萄栽培历史悠久,葡萄酒文化源远流长,尤其是新中国成立70年来,科学研究的进步为我国葡萄产业的发展壮大提供了强有力的科技支撑。笔者综述了新中国成立70年来我国葡萄资源评价利用与育种、葡萄栽培与土肥管理、葡萄病虫害防控、鲜食葡萄贮运保鲜、葡萄酒酿造以及葡萄园机械化管理等方面的科技研发历程与进展,以期为未来葡萄科学研究与生产应用提供指导。

新中国果树科学研究70年——梨

新中国成立70年来,我国梨树科学研究成果丰硕,在有些领域取得了重大突破,为梨产业的可持续发展作出了重要贡献。本文系统总结了新中国成立以来,我国梨在种质资源、遗传育种、栽培模式与技术、病虫害防控、采后贮藏与加工、果园机械等方面的研究进展,以及不同发展阶段的重要成果,展望了未来的发展方向。

新中国果树科学研究70年——李

新中国成立以来,我国李树在种质资源考察、收集保存、鉴定评价和遗传育种研究(包括李种质资源的种类、分布,种间亲缘关系、系统关系和物种形成,品种群的形成和演化,种质资源的鉴定评价和优异资源的筛选,重要性状的遗传规律和育种)等方面取得了重要进展,对李芽分化、开花授粉生物学、光合生理、品质形成、环境胁迫、贮藏、加工技术等研究也做了回顾总结,对李种质资源针对性收集、精细评价、育种方向等今后研究的重点提出了建议。

中国杧果科学研究70年

新中国成立70年来,我国杧果科学研究在人才培养与团队建设、硬件平台、基础理论创新与技术研发等方面均取得了重要进展,有力支撑了我国杧果产业的创建和可持续发展。本文在概述世界和我国杧果地位、分布、规模的基础上,从科学研究发展历程、种质资源与遗传育种、土壤与肥水管理、耕作模式与花果管理、病虫害防控、采后贮运保鲜、产业经济等方面全面梳理了我国杧果研究取得的成就,分析了存在的不足并提出了未来的重点发展方向。