Microstructure Distribution Characteristics of High-Strength Aluminum Alloy Thin-Walled Tubes during Multi-Passes Hot Power Backward Spinning Process

The microstructure of the thin-walled tubes with high-strength aluminum alloy determines their final forming quality and performance. This type of tube can be manufactured by multi-pass hot power backward spinning process as it can eliminate casting defects, refine microstructure and improve the plasticity of the tube. To analyze the microstructure distribution characteristics of the tube during the spinning process, a 3D coupled thermo-mechanical FE model coupled with the microstructure evolution model of the process was established under the ABAQUS environment. The microstructure evolution characteristics and laws of the tube for the whole spinning process were analyzed. The results show that the dynamic recrystallization is mainly produced in the spinning deformation zone and root area of the tube. In the first pass, the dynamic recrystallization phenomenon is not obvious in the tube. With the pass increasing, the trend of dynamic recrystallization volume percentage gradually increases and extends from the outer surface of the tube to the inner surface. The fine-grained area shows the states of concentration, dispersion, and re-concentration as the pass number increases. .

摆动模式对7005-T6铝合金激光焊接头力学性能及腐蚀行为的影响

采用摆动激光焊对7005-T6铝合金进行焊接。利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、电子背散射衍射和电化学工作站等研究了三种激光摆动模式对接头微观组织、力学性能和腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明:使用摆动激光焊可以有效改善焊缝成型和降低柱状晶区域宽度;引入摆动模式可以细化焊缝处晶粒,减少气孔缺陷,提高焊缝处硬度和抗拉强度;摆动模式下焊缝晶界析出相尺寸更小,分布更加弥散,降低了腐蚀倾向和明显减少剥落腐蚀失重,同时可减少剥落腐蚀影响深度。经综合性能对比,发现摆动模式优于无摆动,无穷模式优于三角模式。

Microstructure and mechanical properties of 7005 aluminum alloy processed by one-pass equal channel reciprocating extrusion

An equal channel reciprocating extrusion(ECRE)was proposed first to obtain a severe plastic deformation(SPD)of 7005 alloy.The microstructure and mechanical properties of one-pass ECREed(ECRE processed)7005 alloy were investigated.The results show that SPD occurring in ECRE leads to a mixed microstructure.ECREed 7005 alloy exhibits a significant improvement of ultimate tensile strength(UTS)and elongation.Mechanical properties in the region undergoing a complete ECRE process are higher than those in the region undergoing an incomplete ECRE process due to larger dislocation strengthening effect.Yield strength(YS)and UTS first decrease and then increase with an increase of extrusion temperature.The YS of 359.2 MPa,UTS of 490 MPa and elongation of 17.7%are obtained after T6 treatment.Fine-grain strengthening,dislocation strengthening and precipitation strengthening in the T6-treated ECREed sample all play important roles in improving the mechanical properties.

Process of friction-stir welding high-strength aluminum alloy and mechanical properties of joint

The process of friction-stir welding 2A12CZ alloy has been studied. And strength and elongation tests have been performed, which demonstrated that the opportunity existed to manipulate friction-stir welding parameters in order to improve a range of material properties. The results showed that the joint strength and elongation arrived at their maximums (331 MPa and 4%) at 37.5 mm/min and 300 rpm. As welding parameters changing, joint tensile strength and elongation had similar development. Hardness measurement indicated that the weld was softened. However, there was considerable difference in softening degree for different joint zone. The weld top had lower hardness and wider softening zone than other zone of the weld. And softening zone at advancing side was wider than that at retreating side.

Correlation between microstructural features and tensile strength for friction welded joints of AA-7005 aluminum alloy

Similar friction welded joints of AA-7005 aluminum rods were fabricated using different combinations of process parameters such as friction pressure(1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 MPa) and friction time(10, 15 and 20 s). Interfacial microstructure and formation of intermetallic compounds at the joint interface were evaluated via scanning electron microscopy(SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrum(EDS), and optical microscopy(OM). Microstructural observations reveal the formation of intermetallic phases during the welding process which cannot be extruded from the interface. Theses phases influence the tensile strength of the resultant joints. From the tensile characteristics viewpoint, the greatest tensile strength value of 365 MPa is obtained at 1.5 MPa and 15 s. Finally, the role of microstructural features on tensile strength of resultant joints is discussed.

High-strength aluminum alloys hollow billet prepared by two-phase zone continuous casting

The two-phase zone continuous casting(TZCC)technique was used to continuously cast high-strength aluminum alloy hollow billets,and a verified 3D model of TZCC was used to simulate the flow and temperature fields at casting speeds of 2-6 mm·min^(-1).Hollow billets under the same conditions were prepared,and their macro/microstructures were analyzed by an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope.During the TZCC process,a circular fluid flow appears in front of the mushy zone,and the induction heated stepped mold and convective heat transfer result in a curved solidification front with depressed region near the inner wall and a vertical temperature gradient.The deflection of the solidification front decreases and the average cooling rate in the mushy zone increases with increasing casting speed.Experimental results for a 2D12 alloy show that hot tearing periodically appears in the hollow billet accompanied by macrosegregation near the inner wall at casting speeds of 2 and 4 mm·min^(-1),while macroscopic defects of hot tearing and macrosegregation weaken and the average size of columnar crystals in the hollow billets decreases with further increasing casting speed.2D12 aluminum alloy hollow billets with no macroscopic defects,the finest columnar crystals,and excellent mechanical properties were prepared by TZCC at a casting speed of 6 mm·min^(-1),which is beneficial for the further plastic forming process.

7005铝合金主桥节工作站MIG系统设计与焊接接头组织性能研究

应急桥梁作为灾害救援中能发挥出极大作用的救援装备,自身质量应尽量小,铝合金自身密度低、质量轻,可解决这个问题.但目前,应急桥梁的部件仍使用手工焊,这种方法不仅生产效率低,焊接的质量也不稳定.文中使用焊接工作站来焊接主桥节,分析了工件的尺寸、结构和焊缝位置,进行了总体方案的设计,选择了4台机器人搭配单台变位机的焊接方案,完成对工作站总体布局.并对主桥节材料7005铝合金进行了焊接接头组织和性能试验,选择使用单丝MIG焊完成对7005铝合金试样的焊接,并对试样进行力学性能测试.试验表明:焊缝的抗拉强度平均为290.74 MPa,断裂在热影响区;焊缝区的热影响区硬度最低,平均为75 HV,焊缝中心处区稍高,平均为115 HV,母材硬度最高,平均为165 HV.通过金相照片观察试样的接头组织,发现热影响区晶粒粗大,并分析了焊缝产生气孔以及焊缝热影响区软化的原因,并提出了解决措施,可以应用到实际生产中.

Recent progress in corrosion protection of friction stir welded high-strength aluminum alloy joints

Friction stir welding （FSW） has been widely used in many industries, with which high-strength aluminum alloys can be well joined. However, the corrosion resistance of FSW high-strength Al alloy joints is relatively poor, which limits their industrial applications. The joints shall be protected against corrosion. In this review, therefore, the current status and development of corrosion protection for FSW high-strength Al alloy joints are presented. Particular emphasis has been given to different protection methods ： lowering heat input, post-weld heat treatment, surface modification and spray coatings. Finally, opportunities are identified for further research and development in corrosion protection of FSW high-strength Al alloy joints.

Flow softening behavior and microstructure evolution of Al-5Zn-2Mg aluminum alloy during dynamic recovery

The flow stress behavior and microstructure development of Al-5Zn-2Mg （7005） aluminum alloy were studied by hot compression tests at deformation temperatures between 300-500 ＆#176;C and strain rates between 0.05-50 s-1. The deformed structures of the samples were observed by optical microscopy （OM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and electron backscattering diffraction （EBSD） analysis. The calculated activation energy is 147 kJ/mol, which is very close to the activation energy for lattice self-diffusion in aluminum （142 kJ/mol）. Dynamic recovery is the dominant restoration mechanism during the deformation. At high strain rate of 50 s-1, temperature rise due to deformation heating leads to a significant flow softening. Microstructure observations indicated that the remaining softening after deformation heating correction at high strain rate and the softening observed at high temperature are associated with grain coarsening induced by grain boundary migration during dynamic recovery process.

Influence of pre-stretching on quench sensitive effect of high-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr alloy sheet

The influence of pre-stretching on quench sensitive effect of high strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr alloy AA 7085 sheet was investigated by tensile testing at room temperature,transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).The water-cooled and aged alloy exhibits higher strength than the air-cooled and aged alloy;2.5%pre-stretching of tensile deformation exerts little effect on strength of water-cooled and aged alloy but increases that of air-cooled and aged one,and therefore the yield strength reduction rate due to slow quenching decreases from about 3.8%to about 1.0%,reducing quench sensitive effect.For the air-cooled alloy,pre-stretching increases the sizes ofη'strengthening precipitates but also increases their quantity and the ratio of diameter to thickness,resulting in enhanced strengthening and higher strength after aging.The reason has been discussed based on microstructure examination by TEM and DSC.

Strengthening of aluminium alloy 7005 through imposition of severe plastic deformation supplemented by different ageing treatments

Strengthening of aluminium alloys 7xxx through the imposition of severe plastic deformation supplemented by ageing treatments is a challenge due to the limited workability of these alloys in cold deformation regimes.This study aims to comprehensively investigate the strengthening of aluminium alloy 7005 through the imposition of severe plastic deformation supplemented by two different ageing treatments:pre-deformation artificial ageing or postdeformation natural ageing.For this purpose,microstructure evolutions of the alloy processed through mentioned procedures were studied using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy while the alloy strengthening was evaluated using Vickers hardness measurement.Results show that a superlative strengthening is obtained through the imposition of severe plastic deformation supplemented by post-deformation natural ageing.For instance,the yield strength of the alloy increases to more than 400 MPa,about one-third greater than the counterpart amount after the usual T6 treatment.This superlative strength mainly occurs due to refinement of grains,an increase of dislocation density and an increase of volume fraction of the precipitates that appeared during natural ageing.Considering the applied models,it is inferred that the increase of volume fraction of precipitates that appeared during natural ageing has a determinative role in the strengthening of the alloy.

等径角挤压轨道交通车辆用7005铝合金的组织和力学性能

在室温下对350℃×2 h退火后的轨道交通车辆用7005铝合金进行了2道次等径角挤压,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和电子拉伸试验机对合金挤压前后的显微组织、力学性能及断口形貌进行分析。结果表明:随着挤压道次的增加,试样显微组织细化,力学性能提升,2道次后,晶粒大小约为3μm,甚至出现1μm以下的小晶粒;抗拉强度、屈服强度和断后伸长率分别为384.33 MPa、332.60 MPa、14.2%,分别比等径角挤压前提高53.08 MPa、79.48 MPa、2.8%,晶粒细化明显,力学性能得到大幅改善。

微合金化元素对7005铝合金铸态组织与性能的影响

采用金相显微镜、SEM、EDS等试验方法研究了Al-10Ti中间合金、细晶铝锭、Sc-Zr以及Ti-Sc-Zr等细化方式细化的7005铝合金铸态组织和铸态力学性能。结果表明,由Al-10Ti中间合金细化的合金晶粒最大,平均晶粒直径约为330μm;由细晶铝锭细化的合金晶粒明显变小,平均直径在170μm左右,抗拉强度由Al-10Ti细化时的280MPa提高到了304MPa,伸长率由3.2%提高到4.2%。由Sc-Zr细化的合金的晶粒直径约为50μm,抗拉强度达到了330MPa,但伸长率只有2%;由Ti-Sc-Zr细化的合金的晶粒直径约为35μm,力学性能最好,抗拉强度达到338MPa,伸长率达到4.5%。

Grain boundary pre-precipitation and its contribution to enhancement of corrosion resistance of Al-Zn-Mg alloy

High temperature pre-precipitation （HTPP）took place in7005 alloy at various temperatures after solution treatment and itsinfluence on mechanical properties, corrosion behaviors and microstructure of the alloy was investigated using tensile test, intergranular corrosion （IGC） test, slow strain rate testing （SSRT）, together with microstructural examinations. It is found that Vickers hardness of the aged alloy decreases gradually with decreasing the HTPP temperature, and almost a reverse trend of electrical conductivity is found compared to the hardness changes. Depending on the changes, two HTPP temperaturesof 440 and 420℃ were chosen for comparative study. Results reveal that HTPP alloy tempers exhibit higher resistance to stress corrosion cracking （SCC） and IGC than none pre-precipitate one with an acceptable strength loss due to the substantial enhancement of distribution discontinuity of the coarse grain boundary precipitates （GBPs）, and the coarsening and interspacing effect on GBPs becomes more obvious with decreasing the pre-precipitation temperature.

电解铝液制备7005铝合金的铸态组织与性能

采用光学显微镜观察、扫描电镜观察及能谱分析、室温拉伸试验等手段研究了电解铝液中的Fe、Si、氢、Al2O3夹杂对7005铝合金铸态组织性能的影响。结果表明,电解铝液中的杂质元素Fe、Si与合金中的Mn、Mg等元素作用形成Al-FeMnSi、Mg2Si等第二相,分布于晶内以及晶界处。电解过程中生成的氢和A12O3夹杂物,是短流程工艺影响铝熔体冶金品质的主要根源。铸造过程中形成的疏松和气孔是铸态7005合金拉伸试验中断裂的原因。

动态载荷下7005铝合金力学行为及数值模拟

本工作研究了7005铝合金在应变速率为(1～5)×103s-1条件下的力学行为。结果表明,7005铝合金有明显的应变速率敏感性。利用最小二乘法求得了材料的Johnson-Cook本构参数;应用ABAQUS软件,研究了高应变速率下的帽型试样的绝热剪切变形历程。数值模拟得到的应力-应变曲线与实验结果吻合。温度场的计算为绝热剪切带内微观组织是否发生动态再结晶提供了依据,当应变速率为15 000 s-1时,在120～240μs内,相比初始温度,试样的平均温升达到405℃。通过对冲击后试样的微观组织观测发现,绝热剪切带中有大量的等轴晶,具有典型的再结晶组织特征。7005铝合金在高应变速率下的变形温升和动态再结晶软化行为,将为其在汽车碰撞构件中的应用提供指导作用。

7005铝合金淬火敏感性的试验研究

采用等温处理的方法,通过电导率测试、力学性能测试、X射线衍射分析(XRD)、透射电镜分析(TEM)研究了7005铝合金的淬火敏感性。结果表明,7005铝合金C曲线的鼻尖温度在290℃左右。等温处理对该合金性能和强化相的形貌、分布有明显影响,随着等温时间的延长,合金基体析出η'相,并逐步粗化为η平衡相,合金导电率上升,硬度明显降低。

7005铝合金在模拟海水介质中的腐蚀行为研究

以7005铝合金作为研究对象,借助电化学测量和重量法研究7005和5052铝合金在模拟海水介质中的耐腐蚀性,分析介质浓度、温度及浸泡时间等对其腐蚀行为的影响规律,为7系铝合金耐蚀性的判断提供实验依据。结果表明:7005与5052均产生明显的钝化特征,钝化电流随NaCl浓度的升高而增大。随温度升高,两种铝合金的腐蚀速率均加快,但增幅不同。两种铝合金表面均以点蚀为主要特征,腐蚀72h后,7005表面发生较为严重的局部腐蚀,其腐蚀程度高于5052。

时效制度对7005铝合金板材组织和性能的影响

采用万能力学试验机、电导率仪和金相等手段,研究了时效制度对7005铝合金板材组织及性能的影响。研究结果表明:合金经过475℃10 min的固溶淬火处理后,再进行100℃8 h+120℃24 h时效,强度达到最大,抗拉强度为501 N/mm^2,屈服强度为459 N/mm^2,伸长率为13%。第二级时效温度选用140℃时,耐晶间腐蚀性能最优。

电解铝液制备的7005铝合金铸态拉伸断口分析

通过室温拉伸试验研究了电解铝液制备的7005合金铸态力学性能,并采用光学显微镜观察、扫描电镜观察及能谱分析等手段对拉伸断口及其纵截面的组织形貌进行分析。结果表明,电解铝液中的Fe、Si、H2、Al2O3夹杂对7005合金铸态力学性能有显著影响。铝电解过程中生成的H2和Al2O3夹杂,是铸锭中形成疏松、夹杂的原因。电解铝液中的Fe、Si杂质元素与合金中的Mn、Mg等元素作用形成硬脆、粗大的AlFeMnSi、Mg2Si等第二相,分布于晶内以及晶界处。试样的断裂主要是由夹杂物、疏松孔洞及AlFeMnSi脆性相等裂纹源的综合作用而引起的,拉伸断裂的模式为穿晶方式的韧窝-准解理混合型断裂。