Microstructure Distribution Characteristics of High-Strength Aluminum Alloy Thin-Walled Tubes during Multi-Passes Hot Power Backward Spinning Process

The microstructure of the thin-walled tubes with high-strength aluminum alloy determines their final forming quality and performance. This type of tube can be manufactured by multi-pass hot power backward spinning process as it can eliminate casting defects, refine microstructure and improve the plasticity of the tube. To analyze the microstructure distribution characteristics of the tube during the spinning process, a 3D coupled thermo-mechanical FE model coupled with the microstructure evolution model of the process was established under the ABAQUS environment. The microstructure evolution characteristics and laws of the tube for the whole spinning process were analyzed. The results show that the dynamic recrystallization is mainly produced in the spinning deformation zone and root area of the tube. In the first pass, the dynamic recrystallization phenomenon is not obvious in the tube. With the pass increasing, the trend of dynamic recrystallization volume percentage gradually increases and extends from the outer surface of the tube to the inner surface. The fine-grained area shows the states of concentration, dispersion, and re-concentration as the pass number increases. .

固溶处理对喷射成形7055铝合金组织及性能的影响

采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、扫描电镜(SEM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术、常温拉伸、剥落腐蚀试验等研究了固溶处理对喷射成形7055铝合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明:随着固溶温度的升高,合金中粗大第二相面积分数逐渐减小,AlZnMgCu相和Al_(2)CuMg(S)相基本回溶,只残留少量的Al_(7)Cu_(2)Fe相,亚晶尺寸和再结晶面积分数随着固溶温度的升高和固溶时间的延长而增大,导致抗拉强度先增大后减小。合金经470℃固溶处理2 h+时效处理后,抗拉强度、伸长率和剥落腐蚀性能分别为613.4 MPa、8.9%和EB+级。喷射成形7055铝合金的静态再结晶机制包括“原有晶界弓出机制”和“亚晶合并机制”。

Effect of high-temperature pre-precipitation on microstructure and properties of 7055 aluminum alloy

The near solvus pre precipitation following higher temperature solution treatment was performed on 7055 aluminum alloy. The effect of the pre precipitation on the microstructure, age hardening and stress corrosion cracking of 7055 alloy was investigated. The optical and transmission electron microscopy results show that the near solvus pre precipitation can be limited to grain boundary and enhance the discontinuity of grain boundary precipitates in the sequent age. The stress corrosion cracking resistance of aged 7055 alloys could be improved with non deteriorated strength and plasticity via the pre precipitation.

Effects of precipitates on fatigue crack growth rate of AA 7055 aluminum alloy

The effects of precipitates on the fatigue crack growth rate of AA 7055 Al alloy subjected to different ageing treatments were investigated using transmission electron microscope and fatigue crack growth testing.The results show that the T77 treated samples exhibit the lowest crack growth rate,while the crack growth rate of over-aged samples is the highest.In terms of the model based on the reversibility of dislocation motion within the plastic zone close to the crack tip,the improved crack growth resistance is attributed to many precipitates that are coherent with Al matrix in the under-aged and T77 treated samples.When the precipitate is coherent with the Al matrix,the larger the precipitate is,the slower the fatigue crack grows.The effects of grain boundary precipitates and precipitate free zone on the fatigue crack growth resistance are less significant than those of precipitates within grains of the alloy.

Effect of step-quenching on microstructure of aluminum alloy 7055

The effect of step-quenching on the microstructure of aluminum alloy 7055 after artificial aging was studied by hardness testing and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Step-quenching leads to decomposition of solid solution and heterogeneous precipitation of equilibrium phase mainly on dispersoids and at grain boundaries; thus lower hardness after aging. Prolonging isothermal holding at 415 ℃ results in coarser and more spaced η phase particles at grain boundaries with wider precipitates free zone, and lower density of larger η′ hardening precipitates inside grains after aging. Isothermal holding at 355 ℃ results in heterogeneous precipitation of η phase both on dispersoids and at grain boundaries. Isothermal holding at 235 ℃ results in heterogeneous precipitation of η phase first, and then S phase. Precipitates free zones are created around these coarse η and S phase particles after aging. Prolonging isothermal holding at these two temperatures leads to fewer η′ hardening precipitates inside grains, larger and more spaced η phase particles at grain boundaries and wider grain boundary precipitates free zone after aging.

Single-aging characteristics of 7055 aluminum alloy

The microstructures and properties of 7055 aluminum alloy were studied at different single-aging for up to 48 h using hardness test, tensile test, electrical conductivity measurement, XRD and TEM microstructure analysis. The results show that at the early stage of aging, the hardness and strength of the alloy increase rapidly, the peak hardness and strength are approached after 120 ℃ aging for 4 h, then maintained at a high level for a long time. The suitable single-aging treatment of 7055 alloy is 480 ℃, 1 h solution treatment and water quenching, then aging at 120 ℃ for 24 h. Under those condition, the tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and electrical conductivity of the studied alloy are 513 MPa, 462 MPa, 9.5% and 29%(IACS), respectively. During aging, the solid solution decomposes and precipitation occurs. At the early aging stage of 120 ℃, GP zones form and then grow up gradually with increasing ageing time. η′ phase forms after ageing for 4 h and η phase starts to occur after 24 h aging.

Process of friction-stir welding high-strength aluminum alloy and mechanical properties of joint

The process of friction-stir welding 2A12CZ alloy has been studied. And strength and elongation tests have been performed, which demonstrated that the opportunity existed to manipulate friction-stir welding parameters in order to improve a range of material properties. The results showed that the joint strength and elongation arrived at their maximums (331 MPa and 4%) at 37.5 mm/min and 300 rpm. As welding parameters changing, joint tensile strength and elongation had similar development. Hardness measurement indicated that the weld was softened. However, there was considerable difference in softening degree for different joint zone. The weld top had lower hardness and wider softening zone than other zone of the weld. And softening zone at advancing side was wider than that at retreating side.

Influence of quench transfer time on microstructure and mechanical properties of 7055 aluminum alloy

The influence of quench transfer time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 7055 aluminum alloy with and without zirconium was investigated by tensile properties test,optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.For the Zr-free alloy,the strength increases to the highest value at 20 s with transfer time,and then decreases slightly.The elongation decreases slowly with transfer time within 20 s,and more rapidly after 20 s.For the Zr-containing alloy,prolonging transfer time within 20 s results in slight decrease in the strength and elongation,and rapid drop of which is observed after 20 s.For the Zr-free alloy,prolonging transfer time can increase the percentage of intergranular fracture,which is mainly caused by wide grain boundary precipitate free zone.The failure mode of the Zr-containing alloy is modified from the predominant transgranular void growth and intergranular fracture to transgranular shear and intergranular fracture with increase in the transfer time,which is attributed to the wider grain boundary precipitate free zone and coarse equilibrium η phases in the matrix.

非等温回归再时效工艺对7055铝合金组织与性能的影响

文章以7055铝合金为研究对象,通过TEM、力学性能测试、耐腐蚀性能测试等实验手段,探究非等温回归过程中升温速率对合金组织与性能的影响规律,回归升温速率设为40℃/h、60℃/h、600℃/h,升温截止温度为180℃。结果表明,当非等温回归再时效工艺为(120℃×24 h)+(60℃/h→180℃)+(120℃×24 h)时,7055铝合金获得了高于T6态的强度,抗拉强度680 MPa,屈服强度641 MPa,延伸率14%。60℃/h升温速率下回归再时效后,晶内析出相细小弥散分布,晶界析出相断续排列,晶界无沉淀析出带(PFZ)明显,剥落腐蚀性能评级为EA,耐腐蚀性能优异。

High-strength aluminum alloys hollow billet prepared by two-phase zone continuous casting

The two-phase zone continuous casting(TZCC)technique was used to continuously cast high-strength aluminum alloy hollow billets,and a verified 3D model of TZCC was used to simulate the flow and temperature fields at casting speeds of 2-6 mm·min^(-1).Hollow billets under the same conditions were prepared,and their macro/microstructures were analyzed by an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope.During the TZCC process,a circular fluid flow appears in front of the mushy zone,and the induction heated stepped mold and convective heat transfer result in a curved solidification front with depressed region near the inner wall and a vertical temperature gradient.The deflection of the solidification front decreases and the average cooling rate in the mushy zone increases with increasing casting speed.Experimental results for a 2D12 alloy show that hot tearing periodically appears in the hollow billet accompanied by macrosegregation near the inner wall at casting speeds of 2 and 4 mm·min^(-1),while macroscopic defects of hot tearing and macrosegregation weaken and the average size of columnar crystals in the hollow billets decreases with further increasing casting speed.2D12 aluminum alloy hollow billets with no macroscopic defects,the finest columnar crystals,and excellent mechanical properties were prepared by TZCC at a casting speed of 6 mm·min^(-1),which is beneficial for the further plastic forming process.

Recent progress in corrosion protection of friction stir welded high-strength aluminum alloy joints

Friction stir welding （FSW） has been widely used in many industries, with which high-strength aluminum alloys can be well joined. However, the corrosion resistance of FSW high-strength Al alloy joints is relatively poor, which limits their industrial applications. The joints shall be protected against corrosion. In this review, therefore, the current status and development of corrosion protection for FSW high-strength Al alloy joints are presented. Particular emphasis has been given to different protection methods ： lowering heat input, post-weld heat treatment, surface modification and spray coatings. Finally, opportunities are identified for further research and development in corrosion protection of FSW high-strength Al alloy joints.

Static softening behaviors of 7055 alloy during the interval time of multi-pass hot compression

Multipass plain strain compression test of 7055 alloy was carried out on Gleeble 1500D thermomechanical simulator to study the effect of interval time on static softening behavior between two passes. Microstructural features of the alloy deformed with delay times varying from 0 to 180 s after achieving a reduction of ,-~52 % in the 13 stages was investigated through TEM and EBSD observations. The 14th pass of peak stresses after different delay times were gained. The peak stress decreases with the interstage delay time increasing, but the decreasing trend is gradually slower. Static recovery, metadynamic recrystallization, and/or static recrystallization can be found in the alloy during two passes. The recovery and recrystallization degree increases with longer interstage delay time. The static recovery is the main softening mechanism. Subgrain coalescence and subgrain growth together with particle-stimulated nucleation are the main nucleation mechanisms for static recrystallization.

回归温度对7055铝合金挤压棒材力学性能和抗腐蚀性能的影响

通过导电率、力学性能测试、局部腐蚀性能测试和慢应变速率拉伸应力腐蚀性能测试,结合金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等微观组织表征方法,研究了回归温度对7055铝合金挤压棒材力学性能和抗腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:当回归温度为180℃时,可获得与T73处理相当的抗应力腐蚀性能,合金抗拉强度和屈服强度显著提升,分别由T73处理的579.5 MPa和540.7 MPa提高至692.5 MPa和674.6 MPa,应力腐蚀敏感指数(I_(SSRT))为2.5%。当回归温度提高至200℃时,可获得与T73处理相当的力学性能和抗应力腐蚀性能,合金抗晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀性能有了较大改善,最大腐蚀深度分别减小到24.8μm和36.2μm。回归温度由180℃提高至200℃、220℃,晶界析出相(GBPs)的尺寸从10.5 nm增大至24.6 nm、39.6 nm,基体沉淀相(MPs)的尺寸从7.9 nm增大至13.5 nm、18.6 nm,Cu含量分别从2.1%升高至3.2%和3.4%(摩尔分数),无沉淀析出带(PFZs)的宽度分别从33.4 nm增大至60.7 nm和108.2 nm。确定了力学性能与腐蚀性能协同的回归温度,探明了合金力学性能以及抗腐蚀性能变化主要是由晶界析出相和基体沉淀相尺寸以及无沉淀析出带宽度的增大以及GBPs成分偏析而导致的机理。

基于GA优化的7055铝合金Johnson-Cook流变本构建模及其FEA应用

目的研究7055铝合金高温流变行为,建立高精度流变本构模型和有限元分析(Finite Element Analysis,FEA)仿真模型。方法基于Gholamzadeh温度修正模型和Evans摩擦修正模型,计算修正7055铝合金热压缩流动应力,以排除试验过程中变形温升和摩擦对流动应力的影响;针对修正后的流动应力构建Johnson-Cook本构模型,依托MATLAB编程采用遍历法优化模型参考条件,并引入遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA)对模型参数进行优化,通过流动应力子程序二次开发实现优化后的模型在商用软件DEFORM中的应用,以预测变形工件的应力应变分布与成形载荷。结果经温度和摩擦修正的流动应力与试验值相近;采用遍历法优选参考条件后的Johnson-Cook本构模型流动应力预测值与试验值之间的平均相对误差绝对值(Average Absolute Relative Error,AARE)为4.57%,经GA优化后降至3.50%,实现了精度的提升。基于该模型二次开发的DEFORM模拟平台能准确预测成形载荷,预测值与试验值之间的AARE为2.42%。结论构建了具有较高精度的流动应力本构模型,并基于其开发了有限元仿真模型,仿真结果与试验结果吻合良好,该仿真模型能够为7055铝合金热加工工艺的精确设计和优化提供有效指导。

7055铝合金熔体离线测渣方法

利用PoDFA离线测渣分析方法对7055铝合金熔体中的渣进行检测分析。通过过滤铝合金熔体将夹杂物富集,然后采用物理金相方法对夹杂物进行鉴别分析,建立7055铝合金熔体夹杂物形貌特征与图谱。结果表明7055铝合金熔体主要含有氧化膜、氧化镁、尖晶石、TiB_(2)、耐火材料夹杂。

7055铝合金环形模锻件热处理工艺研究

针对7055铝合金环形模锻件,通过不同的T73热处理工艺参数试验,对锻件不同方向的力学性能进行分析。试验发现,采用双级淬火+双级时效热处理制度,7055铝合金环形模锻件的力学性能优异,锻件横向平均抗拉强度为564.75 MPa,屈服强度为527.25 MP,延伸率为9.42%;锻件高向平均抗拉强度为517.12 MPa,屈服强度为482.08 MP,延伸率为8.63%。

热变形对喷射成形7055铝合金挤压板微观组织的影响

通过单道次热压缩实验和Deform有限元模拟相结合的方法,研究了喷射成形7055铝合金挤压板在300~450℃、0.01~25 s^(−1)范围内的热变形行为。结合热压缩实验获得的热加工图、Deform模拟热压缩过程获得的真实应变和损伤分布以及计算出的几何必需位错(GND)和形变储能,综合分析了合金在热变形过程中的微观组织演变。结果表明:安全加工区位于低应变速率区,其中高温低应变速率区域(400~450℃,0.01~1.0 s^(−1))为其最适宜热加工条件,在该区域热加工后,功率耗散系数(η值)最大,损伤值最低。失稳区集中在高应变速率区域(即1.0~25 s^(−1)区间内),该区域具有最大的损伤值并易于开裂。此外,针对因挤压板在失稳区热加工后表层和中心样品在后续470℃/2 h固溶处理过程中出现的粗晶和晶粒异常长大问题,设计了在热变形前进行慢速升温长时热处理的工艺方案,并讨论了相关的再结晶行为。该热处理制度可以有效降低挤压板中的残余位错密度和形变储能,且在慢速升温过程中析出的大量Al3Zr粒子具有钉扎晶界、降低界面迁移率和阻碍位错运动的作用,从而抑制了热变形后板材在固溶处理过程中的静态再结晶。

对轧制协同热处理对7055铝合金性能的影响探讨

本文主要讨论了运用轧制协同热处理技术加工7055铝合金时对其性能的影响规律。介绍了轧制工艺和热处理,并通过实验分析,探究了温轧、时效作业和固溶处理对铝合金性能的实际影响。实验结果表明,多级固溶处理对7055铝合金轧板的力学性能优化具有较大贡献。此外,在常规固溶处理的基础上,采用温轧作业配合人工时效的方式,可以进一步优化材料整体的力学性能。

晶粒形貌及织构对AA7055铝合金板材不同厚度层屈服强度的影响

研究了AA 7055铝合金板材不同厚度层屈服强度的演变规律,并采用背散射电子衍射(EBSD)技术对板材各厚度层进行了微观组织观察和织构组分测试。拉伸试验结果表明,AA 7055铝合金板材的屈服强度在板厚方向呈各向异性,从表面层到中心层屈服强度依次增加,并且在1/4厚度层的屈服强度值突然增大。EBSD结果表明,表面层附近晶粒呈近等轴状,中心层附近晶粒沿轧制方向拉长;此外,织构组分在中心附近以Brass、S、Copper为主,表面层附近则以Cube ND、Random取向为主。当合金沿板材轧制方向拉伸时,由于Brass、S、Copper是硬取向,它们提供较大的泰勒因子M值,从而使屈服强度增大;相反,Cube ND、Random是软取向,他们对屈服强度的贡献较小。另外,晶粒形貌也影响着屈服强度的各向异性。

7055铝合金的研究现状及展望

7055铝合金是目前超高强铝合金中强度较高且断裂韧性和耐腐蚀性能较好的一种新型变形铝合金。概述了微量元素对7055铝合金组织和性能的影响,介绍了该合金的热处理工艺,阐述了其微观组织结构、加工性能以及神经网络在该合金研究中的应用。并针对7055铝合金目前存在的问题,提出了今后研究的方向。