喷丸工艺参数对718镍基合金表面性能的影响

为全面理解718镍基合金喷丸强化工艺参数的作用,用精确的三维建模对弹丸和基体进行模拟,并结合仿真分析方法考察喷丸尺寸、速度及入射角度对喷丸强化的影响。重点分析了表面粗糙度和残余应力分布,以全面展现喷丸强化的关键特征。结果表明:随弹丸直径和速度的增加,残余应力呈规律性变化,入射角度为0°~10°时对残余应力影响较小,但可轻微降低表面粗糙度。当入射角度从10°增至30°时,喷丸强化效果减弱,同时表面粗糙度增加。这为工艺参数选择提供了重要参考。通过试验验证仿真结果,进一步证实了本研究的准确性和实用性。

Review on synergistic damage effect of irradiation and corrosion on reactor structural alloys

The synergistic damage effect of irradiation and corrosion of reactor structural materials has been a prominent research focus.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the synergistic effects on the third-and fourth-generation fission nuclear energy structural materials used in pressurized water reactors and molten salt reactors.The competitive mechanisms of multiple influencing factors,such as the irradiation dose,corrosion type,and environmental temperature,are summarized in this paper.Conceptual approaches are proposed to alleviate the synergistic damage caused by irradiation and corrosion,thereby promoting in-depth research in the future and solving this key challenge for the structural materials used in reactors.

THE SEGREGATION OF SULFUR AND PHOSPHORUS IN NICKEL-BASE ALLOY 718

The segregation behavior of sulfur and phosphorus has been studied by means of scanning Auger microprobe (SAM) on microstructural interfaces,such as grain boundaries and carbide/matrix interfaces,The experimental results clearly reveal that sulfur strongly segregates on carbide/matrix interfaces,while phosphorus predominantly distributes on grain boundaries. Molybdenum tends to segregat on grain boundaries.

Evolution of helium bubbles in nickel-based alloy by post-implantation annealing

Nickel-based alloys have been considered as candidate structural materials used in generation IV nuclear reactors serving at high temperatures.In the present study,alloy 617 was irradiated with 180-keV helium ions to a fluence of 3.6×10^(17) ions/cm^(2) at room temperature.Throughout the cross-section transmission electron microscopy(TEM)image,numerous over-pressurized helium bubbles in spherical shape are observed with the actual concentration profile a little deeper than the SRIM predicted result.Post-implantation annealing was conducted at 700℃for 2 h to investigate the bubble evolution.The long-range migration of helium bubbles occurred during the annealing process,which makes the bubbles of the peak region transform into a faceted shape as well.Then the coarsening mechanism of helium bubbles at different depths is discussed and related to the migration and coalescence(MC)mechanism.With the diffusion of nickel atoms slowed down by the alloy elements,the migration and coalescence of bubbles are suppressed in alloy 617,leading to a better helium irradiation resistance.

Property uniformity of thick nickel-based alloy plate for nuclear power steam-generator divider plate

This paper introduces a thick 690 nickel-based alloy plate produced by the former Baosteel Special Steel Co.,Ltd.used as the steam-generator divider plate in the pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant.According to the product characteristics and design requirements of the thick nickel-based alloy plate,multidimensional sampling and testing were conducted to investigate its microstructure and mechanical properties.The results show that all the property indexes of the thick hot-rolled nickel-based alloy plate meet the design requirements,and there is good uniformity in the microstructure and mechanical properties in different dimensions.These findings indicate that China has mastered the core manufacturing technology of thick nickel-based alloy plates for their use as divider plates in nuclear power steam generators.

Cu掺杂对Inconel 718合金Laves相稳定性的影响

采用第一性原理计算与实验相结合的方法,研究了Cu掺杂对Inconel 718合金中Laves相的影响。构建了Laves相Fe_(8)Nb_(4)晶胞的掺杂模型,计算分析了Cu掺杂前后体系的平衡晶格常数、形成热、结合能、电荷差分密度以及弹性常数等。计算结果表明,Cu元素掺杂Laves相后,体系发生晶格畸变,稳定性降低;Cu原子掺杂增加了Laves相的硬度,但对体系塑性的影响比较复杂。实验结果表明,Cu能够固溶到Laves相中,降低Laves相的固溶温度,Cu掺杂Laves相导致体系原子间结合强度的降低是造成Laves相固溶温度降低的本质原因。

Investigation of secondary phases and tensile strength of nitrogen-containing Alloy 718 weldment

The influence of nitrogen content on the precipitation of secondary phases and the tensile strength of Alloy 718 during gas tungstenarc welding was investigated. Various types of precipitates were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electronmicroscopy. The results showed that in the fusion zone, the volume fraction of Nb-rich phases such as Laves, (Nb,Ti)C, and δ phases, as wellas Ti-rich phases such as (Ti,Nb)CN and (Ti,Nb)N, increased with increase in the nitrogen content due to the microsegregation of Nb and Tiwithin interdendritic areas. Nitrogen was also found to decrease the size of γ′′ particles within γ dendrites. For precipitates in the partiallymelted zone, constitutional liquation was observed for both (Nb,Ti)C and (Ti,Nb)N particles. Based on the results of tensile tests, the weld containing0.015wt% nitrogen exhibited the highest ultimate tensile strength (UTS), whereas more addition of nitrogen led to a decrease in both theUTS and yield strength due to the increased content of brittle Laves phases and decreased size of γ′′.

Nickel-base superalloys for USC power plants

The advanced ultra-supercritical power plants of the future will utilize steam pressures and temperatures that are too high for traditional ferritic steels,thus requiring austenitic materials.Older nickel-base superalloys such as 263 and 617 were initially evaluated under the European THERMIE project beginning in the 1990s.An entirely new age-hardened alloy 740 which possesses exceptional fireside corrosion resistance and creep strength was also developed for boiler tubing capable of serving at 700C.Subsequently,interest in the USA considered other product forms such as steam header piping and steam turbine forgings for service as high as 760C.A more stable and weldable alloy version now called 740H was developed to meet these more demanding conditions.This paper summarizes the current status of work on alloys 740 and 740H.

Influence of magnetically constricted arc traverse speed (MCATS) on tensile properties and microstructural characteristics of welded Inconel 718 alloy sheets

The magnetically constricted arc technique was implemented to mitigate the heat input related metallurgical problems in Gas Tungsten Arc Welding(GTAW)of Inconel 718 alloy particularly Nb segregation and subsequent laves phase evolution in fusion zone.This paper reports the direct effect of magnetically constricted arc traverse speed(MCATS)on bead profile,tensile properties and microstructural evolution of Inconel 718 alloy sheets joined by Gas Tungsten Constricted Arc Welding(GTCAW)process.The mechanism amenable for the microstructural modification and corresponding influence on the tensile properties of joints is investigated both in qualitative and quantitative manner related to the mechanics of arc constriction and pulsing.It is correlated to the solidification conditions during welding.The relationship between MCATS and Arc Constriction Current(ACC)was derived.Its interaction effect on the magnetic arc constriction and joint performance was analysed.Results showed that the joints fabricated using CATS of 70 mm/min exhibited superior tensile properties(98.39% of base metal strength with 31.50% elongation).It is attributed to the grain refinement in fusion zone microstructure leading to the evolution of finer,discrete laves phase in interdendritic areas.

Inconel 718高温合金单层多道激光熔覆成形工艺优化

为提高镍基高温合金激光熔覆成形质量,采用正交试验法,分析Inconel 718高温合金在不同工艺参数(激光功率、扫描速度、送粉速率和搭接率)下,单层多道激光熔覆表面平整度和熔覆宽度的变化规律。结合综合评分法,得到成形质量最佳工艺条件为激光功率2100 W,扫描速度19 mm/s,送粉速率2 r/min,搭接率30%;其中,搭接率对熔覆层表面平整度和熔覆宽度的影响最大,送粉速率对表面平整度影响最小,激光功率对熔覆层宽度影响最小。

KINETICS OF δ PHASE PRECIPITATION IN COLD ROLLED INCONEL 718 ALLOY

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NICKEL-BASE ALLOY SHEET ALLOYS USED IN AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS

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Thermal desorption characteristic of helium ion irradiated nickel-base alloy

The nickel-base alloy is one of the leading candidate materials for generation IV nuclear reactor pressure vessel.To evaluate its stability of helium damage and retention,helium ions with different energy of 80 keV and 180 keV were introduced by ion implantation to a certain dose(peak displacement damage 1-10 dpa).Then thermal desorption spectroscopy(TDS)of helium atoms was performed to discuss the helium desorption characteristic and trapping sites.The desorption peaks shift to a lower temperature with increasing dpa for both 80 keV and 180 keV irradiation,reflecting the reduced diffusion activation energy and faster diffusion within the alloy.The main release peak temperature of 180 keV helium injection is relatively higher than that of 80 keV at the same influence,which is because the irradiation damage of 180 keV,helium formation and entrapment occur deeper.The broadening of the spectra corresponds to different helium trapping sites(He-vacancies,grain boundary)and desorption mechanisms(different Hen Vm size).The helium retention amount of 80 keV is lower than that of 180 keV,and a saturation limit associated with the irradiation of 80 keV has been reached.The relatively low helium retention proves the better resistance to helium bubbles formation and helium brittleness.

电子束精炼及层覆凝固Inconel 718合金的流变行为及本构方程

对电子束层覆凝固Inconel 718合金(EBLS 718合金)和电子束精炼Inconel 718合金(EBS 718合金)进行等温压缩试验,变形温度分别为1010,1050,1100,1140℃,应变速率分别为0.001,0.01,0.1,1 s^(-1),对比研究了2种合金的热变形流变行为,基于Arrhenius本构方程建立了2种合金的本构方程。结果表明:2种合金在不同变形温度和应变速率下的流变行为相似;流变应力均随着应变速率的增加而增大,随着变形温度升高而降低;由于存在层覆界面,EBLS 718合金在热压缩变形过程中在更低温度下出现了屈服下降现象,变形激活能更低,动态软化效应更加明显;2种合金变形机制均主要为晶格自扩散引起的高温攀移机制。

Forging Optimization and Microstructural Simulation of an Inconel 718 Alloy Used in Turbine Discs

Simulating microstructure evolution during forging of superalloys is of great interest for manufacturer of critical components, particularly in aerospace applications. In this research, a phenomenological approach using a mathematical model was employed into a commercial finite element code, i.e. Abaqus, to study recrystallization and grain growth of IN718 supperalloys during forging. Model validation was performed by compression testing. Results show that the measured recrystallized volume fraction and the grain size were in good agreement with the model predictions. Subsequently, the model was used to simulate the evolution of microstructure in a turbine disc. Finally, a technique based on Tagushi method was used to determine the influence of forging parameters such as forging temperature, ingot height to diameter ratio, and top die velocity on the resultant microstructure. Uniform and refined microstructure of final forging was considered into the objective function. Optimum as well as the poorest parameters combination was attained through analysis. As well the contribution of each parameter on microstructure development was determined through variance analysis.

Introduction of a New Method for Regulating Laves Phases in Inconel 718 Superalloy during a Laser-Repairing Process

The morphology,size,and distribution of Laves phases have important influences on the mechanical properties of laser-repaired Inconel 718(IN718)superalloy.Due to the deterioration of the substrate zone,the Laves phase in the laser cladding zone of IN718 superalloy cannot be optimized by a hightemperature solution treatment.In this study,an in situ laser heat-treatment method was proposed to regulate the morphology and size of the Laves phase in the laser cladding zone of IN718 superalloy without impacting the substrate zone.In the in situ laser heat-treatment process,a laser was used to heat previously deposited layers with optimized manufacturing parameters.A thermocouple and an infrared camera were used to analyze thermal cycles and real-time temperature fields,respectively.Microstructures and micro-segregations were observed by optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and electron probe microanalysis.It was found that the in situ laser heat treatment effectively changed the morphology and size of the Laves phase,which was transformed from a continuous striplike shape to a discrete granular shape.The effective temperature range and duration were the two main factors influencing the Laves phase during the in situ laser heat-treatment process.The effective temperature range was determined by the laser linear energy density,and the peak temperature increased with the increase of the linear energy density.In addition,the temperature amplitude could be reduced by simultaneously increasing the laser power and the scanning velocity.Finally,a flow diagram was developed based on the in situ laser heat-treatment process,and the deposition of a single-walled sample with fine and granular Laves phases was detected.

Effect of Carbon on DA718 Alloy with P Addition

Lower content of carbon can further improve the stress rupture life of p-modified DA 718 alloy up to more than 270%.Meanwhile, the ductility of the alloy decreased a little. More boron atoms dissociate due to decreasing carbon content and interact with phosphorus which brings the longer stress rupture life of the alloy. Less carbon may induce more phosphorus segregating in the grain boundary and result in brittleness.

水射流引导激光制造Inconel 718合金沟槽结构的研究

为了探究水射流引导激光(WJGL)技术在Inconel 718合金上制造沟槽结构的规律特征,在自行研发的水导激光设备上设计并进行了多组单因素实验,分析了水射流速度和激光能量密度对沟槽结构的深度、宽度以及毛刺尺寸的影响规律。实验结果表明,激光能量密度对沟槽结构尺寸的影响程度要高于水射流速度,在喷嘴孔径固定不变的条件下,激光能量密度和水射流速度对沟槽结构宽度的影响很小。采用孔径为0.5 mm的喷嘴,当水射流速度固定为60 m/s,激光功率密度为40 J/cm~2时,获得最大沟槽平均深度为523μm;当激光能量密度为10 J/cm~2时,获得最窄沟槽平均宽度为403μm;当激光能量密度为40 J/cm~2时,获得最小毛刺平均尺寸为54μm。根据理论分析得出,水导激光技术去除Inconel 718合金的机制是通过激光烧蚀并熔化材料,水射流将熔融物冲刷去除。

EFFECTS OF Cr ON THE LONGTIME EMBRITTLEMENT OF ALLOY 718

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CREEP CRACK GROWTH BEHAVIOR OF ALLOY 718 DURING HIGH TEMPERATURE EXPOSURE

Alloy 718 is a precipitation strengthened nickel-based superalloy based on the precipitation of γ″-Ni3Nb (DO22 structure) and γ′-Ni3(Al,Ti) (L12 structure) phases. Creep crack growth rate (CCGR) was investigated after high temperature exposure at 593, 650 and 677℃ for 2000h in Alloy 718. In addition to the coalescence of γ′/ γ″ and the amount increasing of δ phase, the existence of a bcc chromium enriched α-Cr phase was observed by SEM, and the weight fraction of α-Cr and other phases were determined by chemical phase analysis methods. The CCGR behavior and regulation have been analyzed by means of strength and structure analysis approaches. The experimental results show higher the exposure temperature and longer the exposure time, lower the CCGR. This is probably attributed to the interaction of material softening and brittling due to complex structure changes during high temperature exposure. Therefore, despite α-Cr phase formation and amount enhancement were run in this test range. It seems to us a small amount of α-Cr will be not harmful for creep crack propagation resistance, which is critical for disk application in aircraft and land-based gas turbine.