节节麦与野燕麦8倍体杂种核型分析

节节麦(Aegilops tauschii(Coss.)Sch.2n=2x=14)与通北野燕麦(Avena fatua L.2n=6x=42)杂交,F_1自然加倍成8倍体,8倍体播成的F_2代,遗传性基本一致,PMC镜检表明,染色体数为2n=28Ⅱ。用F_2所结的种子进行根尖细胞核型分析,结果发现8倍体中包含有全套的节节麦和野燕麦的染色体。节节麦中有1对随体染色体.2对近中部着丝点染色体,4对中部着丝点染色体。野燕麦有3对随体染色体,5对近端着丝点染色体,8对近中部着丝点染色体,5对中部着丝点染色体。而节节麦与野燕麦8倍体杂种,有4对随体染色体,5对近端着丝点染色体.10对近中部着丝点染色体,9对中部着丝点染色体。核型分析结果表明,节节麦与野燕麦杂交合成的8倍体,是节节麦与野燕麦的双二倍体。

Discovery of Triploid Allium macrostemon Bunge in Laizhou City of Shandong Province

[Objective]The study was to analyze the karyotype of Allium macrostemon Bunge in Laizhou City of Shandong Province.[ Method] The root tip of A. macrostemon was pretreated with 8-hydroxyquinoline solution, fixed, dissociated and stained for preparing the glass slide to reveal the chromosome number via the microscopic examination; the sparse cells with good chromosome morphology were photographed under microscope. [ Result ]Allium macrostemon Bunge in Laizhou City introduced in this study was tdploid; its somatic chromosome number was 24 and karyotype formula was K（2n） =3x=24m（2SAT） ＋ 1Bs, thus the karyotype belongs to 1A type. One of the chromosome No. 3 contained satellite, and chromosome deletion may be existed in one of the chromosome No. 5. In addition, B chromosome was observed in some cells.[ Conclusion] This introduction of triploid A. macrostemon found in China was the first time.

神奇的黑小麦

科学突飞猛进地发展的今天,我们所处的空间,新东西每时每刻都在不断涌现,令人目不暇接,眼花缭乱。正当人们越来越钟情于黑色食品的时候,中原大地又爆新闻:中国特产业的知名企业——河南安阳太行动植物良种场郑重向世人宣布,'太行'黑小麦诞生了!祖国传统医学和食品科学研究表明,黑色作物产品中因含有黑色素而具有高营养、高滋补、高免疫功能。期望健康长寿的人们在饮食上又转而兴起'追黑'热。可我们能见到的只有黑小米、黑大米、黑玉米、黑小豆、黑大豆、黑养麦等,而作为作物之首的小麦,却一直没有黑色品种,以致成为一大缺憾。黑小麦作为一个新品种,一上市就是'双胞胎'。其中一个叫'黑小麦1号',是李建钊副研究员及其助手们定向选育而成的稀有品种。一个叫'黑小麦76号'。