In laser hair removal treatments on dark skin, the high concentration of melanin in the skin competes with the melanin in the hair. During standard laser procedures, with wavelengths of 755 nm or 810 nm, a high level ...In laser hair removal treatments on dark skin, the high concentration of melanin in the skin competes with the melanin in the hair. During standard laser procedures, with wavelengths of 755 nm or 810 nm, a high level of laser light absorption by melanin in the skin is observed. Therefore, to avoid side effects, lower fluence values are used, which further reduces hair-removal efficacy. To improve results, 810 nm diode lasers operating in dynamic mode, with high frequency and multiple passes, are typically used. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of triple-wavelength diode lasers (810 nm, 940 nm, 1060 nm) with that of 810 nm diode lasers on Indian patients. A side-by-side comparison was performed using a triple-wavelength diode laser in stamping mode on one side, and an 810 nm diode laser in dynamic mode on the other. Three subjects with skin type IV on the Fitzpatrick scale participated in the study. Efficacy was assessed through hair counting using clinical photographs, taken before and after the treatments, and the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS). Additionally, comparisons related to epidermal heating and thermal damage to the hair follicle were conducted through mathematical 3D simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics<sup>®</sup> software. Side effects were also evaluated. A superior end point was observed with triple wavelength compared to the 810 nm diode laser. Hair counting showed a 27% greater hair reduction with triple wavelength. No adverse effects were observed. Thermal simulations revealed 29% higher thermal damage with the triple-wavelength laser compared to the 810 nm diode laser. To conclude, on darker skin types, the triple-wavelength diode laser has been shown to be more effective at removing hair, compared to the 810 nm diode laser, while also being a safe procedure.展开更多
MicroRNA-based gene silencing is a functional genomics tool for a wide range of eukaryotes. As a basis for broader application of virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) to photosynthesis research, we employed a tobacco r...MicroRNA-based gene silencing is a functional genomics tool for a wide range of eukaryotes. As a basis for broader application of virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) to photosynthesis research, we employed a tobacco rattle virus (TRV) vector to silence expression of the nuclear psbS gene in Nicotiana benthamiana. The 22-kiloDalton psbS protein is essential for xanthophyll- and H+-dependent thermal dissipation of excitation in higher plants widely known as nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ). Controls treated with the TRV-VIGS vector containing a bacterial chloramphenicol resistance gene as the silencing target were included to test for non-silencing effects of the viral vector system. PsbS protein was undetectable and both psbS mRNA transcript levels and NPQ capacity were dramatically reduced in new leaf tissue of VIGS-psbS plants only. Photosynthetic performance in TRV-VIGS-treated and uninfiltrated plants was assessed by application of CO2 exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and in vivo absorbance changes at 810 nm. TRV-VIGS caused a mild stress based on pigment content and light absorption characteristics in some cases. To assess transient complementation of NPQ, the endogenous psbS gene was silenced using only the transit sequence in the TRV vector followed by Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of a modified gene consisting of an altered transit sequence fused to the native mature protein sequence. Nevertheless, NPQ in infused fully expanded leaves that expressed this re-introduced form was not fully restored indicating the possible importance of psbS incorporation prior to formation of grana stacks.展开更多
Introduction: Photoepilation by lasers is a popular procedure in aesthetic dermatology for removing unwanted body and facial hair. The use of the most appropriate laser wavelength is crucial as it affects treatment de...Introduction: Photoepilation by lasers is a popular procedure in aesthetic dermatology for removing unwanted body and facial hair. The use of the most appropriate laser wavelength is crucial as it affects treatment depth and melanin absorption. The three commonly used hair removal lasers are of specific wavelengths: 755 nm, 810 nm, and 1064 nm, each preferred certain types of skin and hair characteristics. The current evaluation reports the safety and efficacy of unique blended modes 755/810 nm and 810/1064 nm diode lasers for hair removal. Methods: Hair removal results from 50 patients treated with the 755/810 nm handpiece and 50 patients treated with the 810/1064 nm handpiece were gathered from a few clinics. 3 treatments on various body areas were conducted 6 weeks apart and patients were followed up with 6 months after the last treatment. Results were evaluated by baseline, follow-up photographs, and hair counts. Results: Treatment area photos demonstrated hair reduction in the treated body and facial areas. Average hair count reduction at 6 months follow-up was 84% for the 755/810 nm handpiece and 81% for the 810/1064 nm handpiece. No significant or unexpected adverse events were detected in any of the patients. Conclusions: The novel blended mode hair removal diode lasers are proven to be safe and effective for hair removal in facial and body areas for patients of various skin types and hair characteristics.展开更多
文摘In laser hair removal treatments on dark skin, the high concentration of melanin in the skin competes with the melanin in the hair. During standard laser procedures, with wavelengths of 755 nm or 810 nm, a high level of laser light absorption by melanin in the skin is observed. Therefore, to avoid side effects, lower fluence values are used, which further reduces hair-removal efficacy. To improve results, 810 nm diode lasers operating in dynamic mode, with high frequency and multiple passes, are typically used. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of triple-wavelength diode lasers (810 nm, 940 nm, 1060 nm) with that of 810 nm diode lasers on Indian patients. A side-by-side comparison was performed using a triple-wavelength diode laser in stamping mode on one side, and an 810 nm diode laser in dynamic mode on the other. Three subjects with skin type IV on the Fitzpatrick scale participated in the study. Efficacy was assessed through hair counting using clinical photographs, taken before and after the treatments, and the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS). Additionally, comparisons related to epidermal heating and thermal damage to the hair follicle were conducted through mathematical 3D simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics<sup>®</sup> software. Side effects were also evaluated. A superior end point was observed with triple wavelength compared to the 810 nm diode laser. Hair counting showed a 27% greater hair reduction with triple wavelength. No adverse effects were observed. Thermal simulations revealed 29% higher thermal damage with the triple-wavelength laser compared to the 810 nm diode laser. To conclude, on darker skin types, the triple-wavelength diode laser has been shown to be more effective at removing hair, compared to the 810 nm diode laser, while also being a safe procedure.
文摘MicroRNA-based gene silencing is a functional genomics tool for a wide range of eukaryotes. As a basis for broader application of virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) to photosynthesis research, we employed a tobacco rattle virus (TRV) vector to silence expression of the nuclear psbS gene in Nicotiana benthamiana. The 22-kiloDalton psbS protein is essential for xanthophyll- and H+-dependent thermal dissipation of excitation in higher plants widely known as nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ). Controls treated with the TRV-VIGS vector containing a bacterial chloramphenicol resistance gene as the silencing target were included to test for non-silencing effects of the viral vector system. PsbS protein was undetectable and both psbS mRNA transcript levels and NPQ capacity were dramatically reduced in new leaf tissue of VIGS-psbS plants only. Photosynthetic performance in TRV-VIGS-treated and uninfiltrated plants was assessed by application of CO2 exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and in vivo absorbance changes at 810 nm. TRV-VIGS caused a mild stress based on pigment content and light absorption characteristics in some cases. To assess transient complementation of NPQ, the endogenous psbS gene was silenced using only the transit sequence in the TRV vector followed by Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of a modified gene consisting of an altered transit sequence fused to the native mature protein sequence. Nevertheless, NPQ in infused fully expanded leaves that expressed this re-introduced form was not fully restored indicating the possible importance of psbS incorporation prior to formation of grana stacks.
文摘Introduction: Photoepilation by lasers is a popular procedure in aesthetic dermatology for removing unwanted body and facial hair. The use of the most appropriate laser wavelength is crucial as it affects treatment depth and melanin absorption. The three commonly used hair removal lasers are of specific wavelengths: 755 nm, 810 nm, and 1064 nm, each preferred certain types of skin and hair characteristics. The current evaluation reports the safety and efficacy of unique blended modes 755/810 nm and 810/1064 nm diode lasers for hair removal. Methods: Hair removal results from 50 patients treated with the 755/810 nm handpiece and 50 patients treated with the 810/1064 nm handpiece were gathered from a few clinics. 3 treatments on various body areas were conducted 6 weeks apart and patients were followed up with 6 months after the last treatment. Results were evaluated by baseline, follow-up photographs, and hair counts. Results: Treatment area photos demonstrated hair reduction in the treated body and facial areas. Average hair count reduction at 6 months follow-up was 84% for the 755/810 nm handpiece and 81% for the 810/1064 nm handpiece. No significant or unexpected adverse events were detected in any of the patients. Conclusions: The novel blended mode hair removal diode lasers are proven to be safe and effective for hair removal in facial and body areas for patients of various skin types and hair characteristics.
