Dendritic spine degeneration:a primary mechanism in the aging process

Recent reports suggest that aging is not solely a physiological process in living beings;instead, it should be considered a pathological process or disease(Amorim et al., 2022). Consequently, this process involves a wide range of factors, spanning from genetic to environmental factors, and even includes the gut microbiome(GM)(Mayer et al., 2022). All these processes coincide at some point in the inflammatory process, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, at different degrees in various organs and systems that constitute a living organism(Mayer et al., 2022;AguilarHernández et al., 2023).

Prediction and optimization of flue pressure in sintering process based on SHAP

Sinter is the core raw material for blast furnaces.Flue pressure,which is an important state parameter,affects sinter quality.In this paper,flue pressure prediction and optimization were studied based on the shapley additive explanation(SHAP)to predict the flue pressure and take targeted adjustment measures.First,the sintering process data were collected and processed.A flue pressure prediction model was then constructed after comparing different feature selection methods and model algorithms using SHAP+extremely random-ized trees(ET).The prediction accuracy of the model within the error range of±0.25 kPa was 92.63%.SHAP analysis was employed to improve the interpretability of the prediction model.The effects of various sintering operation parameters on flue pressure,the relation-ship between the numerical range of key operation parameters and flue pressure,the effect of operation parameter combinations on flue pressure,and the prediction process of the flue pressure prediction model on a single sample were analyzed.A flue pressure optimization module was also constructed and analyzed when the prediction satisfied the judgment conditions.The operating parameter combination was then pushed.The flue pressure was increased by 5.87%during the verification process,achieving a good optimization effect.

An Unprecedented Efficiency with Approaching 21%Enabled by Additive‑Assisted Layer‑by‑Layer Processing in Organic Solar Cells

Recently published in Joule,Feng Liu and colleagues from Shanghai Jiaotong University reported a record-breaking 20.8%power conversion efficiency in organic solar cells(OSCs)with an interpenetrating fibril network active layer morphology,featuring a bulk p-in structure and proper vertical segregation achieved through additive-assisted layer-by-layer deposition.This optimized hierarchical gradient fibrillar morphology and optical management synergistically facilitates exciton diffusion,reduces recombination losses,and enhances light capture capability.This approach not only offers a solution to achieving high-efficiency devices but also demonstrates the potential for commercial applications of OSCs.

Processing,microstructure,and mechanical properties of wire arc additively-manufactured AZ91 magnesium alloy using cold arc process

Thin walls of an AZ91 magnesium alloy with fine equiaxed grains were fabricated via cold arc-based wire arc additive manufacturing(CA-WAAM),and the droplet transfer behaviours,microstructures,and mechanical properties were investigated.The results showed that the cold arc process reduced splashing at the moment of liquid bridge breakage and effectively shortened the droplet transfer period.The microstructures of the deposited samples exhibited layered characteristics with alternating distributions of coarse and fine grains.During layer-by-layer deposition,the β-phase precipitated and grew preferentially along grain boundaries,while the fineη-Al_(8)Mn_(5)phase was dispersed in the α-Mg matrix.The mechanical properties of the CA-WAAM deposited sample showed isotropic characteristics.The ultimate tensile strength and elongation in the building direction(BD)were 282.7 MPa and 14.2%,respectively.The microhardness values of the deposited parts were relatively uniform,with an average value of HV 69.6.

Influence of material characteristics on the failure mode and process of landslide dam

Landslide dams,as frequent natural hazards,pose significant risks to human lives,property,and ecological environments.The grading characteristics and density of dam materials play a crucial role in determining the stability of landslide dams and the potential for dam breaches.To explore the failure mechanisms and evolutionary processes of landslide dams with varying soil properties,this study conducted a series of flume experiments,considering different grain compositions and material densities.The results demonstrated that grading characteristics significantly influence landslide dam stability,affecting failure patterns,breach processes,and final breach morphologies.Fine-graded materials exhibited a sequence of surface erosion,head-cut erosion,and subsequent surface erosion during the breach process,while well-graded materials typically experienced head-cut erosion followed by surface erosion.In coarse-graded dams,the high permeability of coarse particles allowed the dam to remain stable,as inflows matched outflows.The dam breach model experiments also showed that increasing material density effectively delayed the breach and reduced peak breach flow discharge.Furthermore,higher fine particle content led to a reduction in the residual dam height and the base slope of the final breach profile,although the relationship between peak breach discharge and the content of fine and coarse particles was nonlinear.To better understand breach morphology evolution under different soil characteristics and hydraulic conditions,three key points were identified—erosion point,control point,and scouring point.This study,by examining the evolution of failure patterns,breach processes,and breach flow discharges under various grading and density conditions,offers valuable insights into the mechanisms behind landslide dam failures.

New digital drilling process monitoring: Instrumentation, validation and calibration

This study aims to enhance the digital drilling process monitoring(DPM)or monitoring while drilling(MWD)technique,which is a widely recognized method in geological exploration for evaluating rock mass quality.First,robust displacement and torque measurement facilities for rotary-core drilling are discussed.The conventional cable encoder for displacement measurement is replaced with a magnetostrictive displacement sensor,which is more reliable in harsh field drilling environments.This enables the measurement of the bit position with an accuracy of<1 mm.Most importantly,this new instrument is proven to be successful in improving the detection of structural discontinuities with thicknesses>1 mm.In addition,by measuring the electric current of the driving motor,the torque applied to the bit is conveniently and accurately converted.These innovations ensure high-quality data collection for DPM practices.Second,two indices derived from DPM are proposed to quantitatively describe rock mass quality.The specific energy index(SEI)and specific penetration index(SPI)are based on the principles of energy conservation and Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion,respectively.Extensive field tests conducted in a dam grouting area confirm a linear relationship between the thrust force and penetration per rotation,and between the torque and penetration per rotation.The correlation ratios of the related regressions are typically>0.9.These two indices allow for the quantitative interpretation of DPM data into rock mechanics characteristics,such as uniaxial compressive strength,rock quality designation(RQD),and rock mass permeability,eliminating the need for subjective judgment normally involved in the currently used rock mass quality rating approaches.

A new multi-DOF envelope forming process for fabricating spiral bevel gears with back taper tooth

Spiral bevel gears are critical transmission components,and are widely used in the aerospace field.This paper proposes a new multi-DOF envelope forming process for fabricating spiral bevel gears.Firstly,the multi-DOF envelope forming principle of spiral bevel gears is proposed.Secondly,the design methods for the envelope tool geometry and movement are proposed based on the envelope geometry and movement relationships.Thirdly,the metal flow and tooth filling laws are revealed through 3D FE simulation of the multi-DOF envelope forming process of a typical spiral bevel gear.Fourthly,a new method for separating the envelope tool and the formed spiral bevel gear with back taper tooth is proposed to avoid their interference.Finally,experiments on multi-DOF envelope forming of this typical spiral bevel gear are conducted using new heavy load multi-DOF envelope forming equipment.The simulation and experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed multi-DOF envelope forming process for fabricating spiral bevel gears with back taper tooth and the corresponding process design methods.

Towards a blank design method for manufacturing big-tapered profiled ring disk by spinning-rolling process

The big-tapered profiled ring disk is a key component of engines for rockets and missiles.A new forming technology,as called spinning-rolling process,has been proposed previously for the high performance,high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing of the component.Blank design is the key part of plastic forming process design.For spinning-rolling process,the shape and size of the blank play a crucial role in process stability,deformation behavior and dimensional accuracy.So this work proposes a blank design method to determine the geometry structure and sizes of the blank.The mathematical model for calculating the blank size has been deduced based on volume conservation and neutral layer length invariance principle.The FE simulation and corresponding trial production of an actual big-tapered profiled ring disk show that the proposed blank design method is applicative.In order to obtain a preferred blank,the influence rules of blank size determined by different deformation degrees(rolling ratio k)on the spinning-rolling process are revealed by comprehensive FE simulations.Overall considering the process stability,circularity of the deformed ring disk and forming forces,a reasonable range of deformation degree(rolling ratio k)is recommended for the blank design of the new spinning-rolling process.

Process Simulate软件在自动化生产线安装调试课程中的应用

针对自动化生产线安装调试课程的实践教学难题提出了使用仿真软件进行虚拟装调的方案。介绍了如何使用Process Simulate软件对自动化生产线进行虚拟装调。实践证明,使用Process Simulate软件能够有效提高自动化生产线安装调试课程的实践教学效果。

基于Arduino与Processing的心率检测计设计研究

随着社会经济的高速发展,人们的物质生活也有了极大的提高,但同时也伴随着各种疾病的到来,身体健康已经成为人们普遍关注的焦点,因此,心率检测仪、血压计、血糖仪等各种家用医疗监测仪器已经逐渐融入日常生活。心脏病是人们难以预防的突发致命疾病之一,本文介绍的是一款基于Arduino【是基于易用硬件和软件的原型开源平台,包由可编程的电路板(简称微控制器),以及集成开发环境(称为Arduino IDE)的现成软件组成】Processing(开源编程语言,包括编辑器、编译器、展示器)的简易心率检测计系统,其功能实用、操作简单,可以测量心率,当超出正常心率范围时及时预警,是一款便携的实时心率测试仪。

新型倒置A^(2)/O耦联MBR组合工艺处理农村低C/N废水的研究

针对农村低C/N污水污染物和营养盐去除率差的问题,以倒置A^(2)/O耦联膜生物反应器(MBR)组合工艺为探究对象,通过控制进水污染物浓度,在中温条件下考察了有机负荷(OLR)对倒置A^(2)/O耦联MBR组合工艺处理农村低C/N污水的影响。结果表明,OLR由150 mg/L提高至450 mg/L时,总氮(TN)和溶解性磷酸盐(SOP)去除率分别由67.6%和86.6%提高至72.4%和94.3%,进一步提高OLR降低了组合工艺对污染物和营养盐的去除。此外,OLR能影响新工艺内污泥特征,提高OLR促进了胞外聚合物(EPS)分泌,尤其在OLR为600 mg/L组别内,EPS含量提高至139.6 mg/g。进水OLR对缺氧池内EPS的影响要大于其对厌氧池内EPS的影响。OLR能影响新工艺内污染物和营养盐去除相关关键酶的活性,当OLR为450 mg/L时,污染物和营养盐去除相关关键活性酶最强。研究结果为农村低C/N污水的高效处理提供了理论依据和数据支撑。

倒置A^(2)/O+A生化法+膜法+磁混凝法污水处理工程实例

采用“倒置A^(2)/O+A生化法+膜法+磁混凝物化法”组合工艺处理污水,分析了工艺特点,并详述了主要构筑物及设备参数。该组合工艺处理效果优良,除磷脱氮效果好,出水COD、TP、NH_(3)-N、TN月均值分别为28、0.2、0.3、6.06mg/L,达到了DB32/1072—2018《太湖地区城镇污水处理厂及重点工业行业主要水污染物排放限值》其他区域污染物排放标准,其中COD、TP和NH_(3)-N三个指标达到了GB3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅳ类水排放标准。

谈汉语拼音的字母“o”和元音“o”

本文从八个方面讨论汉语拼音中“o”的读音,以把字母“o”和元音“o”区分开来。一、制定《汉语拼音方案》有语音学原则、文字学原则和兼顾传统的做法。二、普通话基础音系没有“o”元音音位。三、汉语拼音中的字母“o”有三种不同的发音。四、中国学生的语音直觉就是“bo、duo”的韵母相同。五、教外国学生汉语拼音时要注意说明并操练字母“o”在不同条件下的实际发音。六、语文字典可以兼顾韵母“o”的读音和叹词“喔”的规范。七、可以适当编制相应的使用说明以妥善处理《汉语拼音方案》使用中的问题。八、建议完善《汉语拼音方案》,以便更好地发挥汉语拼音的作用。

基于改进K-means算法的室内可见光通信O-OFDM系统信道均衡技术

在室内可见光通信中符号间干扰和噪声会严重影响系统性能,K均值(K-means)均衡方法可以抑制光无线信道的影响,但其复杂度较高,且在聚类边界处易出现误判。提出了改进聚类中心点的K-means(Improved Center K-means,IC-Kmeans)算法,通过随机生成足够长的训练序列,然后将训练序列每一簇的均值作为K-means聚类中心,避免了传统K-means反复迭代寻找聚类中心。进一步,提出了基于神经网络的IC-Kmeans(Neural Network Based IC-Kmeans,NNIC-Kmeans)算法,使用反向传播神经网络将接收端二维数据映射至三维空间,以增加不同簇之间混合数据的距离,提高了分类准确性。蒙特卡罗误码率仿真表明,IC-Kmeans均衡和传统K-means算法的误码率性能相当,但可以显著降低复杂度,特别是在信噪比较小时。同时,在室内多径信道模型下,与IC-Kmeans和传统Kmeans均衡相比,NNIC-Kmeans均衡的光正交频分复用系统误码率性能最好。

Investigation on taste characteristics and sensory perception of soft-boiled chicken during oral processing based on electronic tongue and electronic nose

The sensory perception of food is a dynamic process,which is closely related to the release of flavor substances during oral processing.It’s not only affected by the food material,but also subjected to the individual oral environment.To explore the oral processing characteristics of soft-boiled chicken,the sensory properties,texture,particle size,viscosity,characteristic values of electronic nose and tongue of different chicken samples were investigated.The correlation analysis showed that the physical characteristics especially the cohesiveness,springiness,resilience of the sample determined oral processing behavior.The addition of chicken skin played a role in lubrication during oral processing.The particle size of the bolus was heightened at the early stage,and the fluidity was enhanced in the end,which reduced the chewing time to the swallowing point and raised the aromatic compounds signal of electronic nose.But the effect of chicken skin on chicken thigh with relatively high fat content,was opposite in electronic nose,which had a certain masking effect on the perception of umami and sweet taste.In conclusion,fat played a critical role in chicken oral processing and chicken thigh had obvious advantages in comprehensive evaluation of soft-boiled chicken,which was more popular among people.

Constraints on Characteristics and Distribution of Gas Hydrate and Free Gas Using Broad-Band Processing of Three-Dimensional Seismic Data

Gas hydrate drilling expeditions in the Pearl River Mouth Basin,South China Sea,have identified concentrated gas hydrates with variable thickness.Moreover,free gas and the coexistence of gas hydrate and free gas have been confirmed by logging,coring,and production tests in the foraminifera-rich silty sediments with complex bottom-simulating reflectors(BSRs).The broad-band processing is conducted on conventional three-dimensional(3D)seismic data to improve the image and detection accuracy of gas hydratebearing layers and delineate the saturation and thickness of gas hydrate-and free gas-bearing sediments.Several geophysical attributes extracted along the base of the gas hydrate stability zone are used to demonstrate the variable distribution and the controlling factors for the differential enrichment of gas hydrate.The inverted gas hydrate saturation at the production zone is over 40% with a thickness of 90 m,showing the interbedded distribution with different boundaries between gas hydrate-and free gas-bearing layers.However,the gas hydrate saturation value at the adjacent canyon is 70%,with 30-m-thick patches and linear features.The lithological and fault controls on gas hydrate and free gas distributions are demonstrated by tracing each gas hydrate-bearing layer.Moreover,the BSR depths based on broad-band reprocessed 3D seismic data not only exhibit variations due to small-scale topographic changes caused by seafloor sedimentation and erosion but also show the upward shift of BSR and the blocky distribution of the coexistence of gas hydrate and free gas in the Pearl River Mouth Basin.

Design and optimization of a greener sinomenine hydrochloride preparation process considering variations among different batches of the medicinal herb

The current methods used to industrially produce sinomenine hydrochloride involve several issues,including high solvent toxicity,long process flow,and low atomic utilization efficiency,and the greenness scores of the processes are below 65 points.To solve these problems,a new process using anisole as the extractant was proposed.Anisole exhibits high selectivity for sinomenine and can be connected to the subsequent water-washing steps.After alkalization of the medicinal material,heating extraction,water washing,and acidification crystallization were carried out.The process was modeled and optimized.The design space was constructed.The recommended operating ranges for the critical process parameters were 3.0–4.0 h for alkalization time,60.0–80.0℃ for extraction temperature,2.0–3.0(volume ratio)for washing solution amount,and 2.0–2.4 mol·L^(-1) for hydrochloric acid concentration.The new process shows good robustness because different batches of medicinal materials did not greatly impact crystal purity or sinomenine transfer rate.The sinomenine transfer rate was about 20%higher than that of industrial processes.The greenness score increased to 90 points since the novel process proposed in this research solves the problems of long process flow,high solvent toxicity,and poor atomic economy,better aligning with the concept of green chemistry.

Recent developments in selective laser processes for wearable devices

Recently,the increasing interest in wearable technology for personal healthcare and smart virtual/augmented reality applications has led to the development of facile fabrication methods.Lasers have long been used to develop original solutions to such challenging technological problems due to their remote,sterile,rapid,and site-selective processing of materials.In this review,recent developments in relevant laser processes are summarized under two separate categories.First,transformative approaches,such as for laser-induced graphene,are introduced.In addition to design optimization and the alteration of a native substrate,the latest advances under a transformative approach now enable more complex material compositions and multilayer device configurations through the simultaneous transformation of heterogeneous precursors,or the sequential addition of functional layers coupled with other electronic elements.In addition,the more conventional laser techniques,such as ablation,sintering,and synthesis,can still be used to enhance the functionality of an entire system through the expansion of applicable materials and the adoption of new mechanisms.Later,various wearable device components developed through the corresponding laser processes are discussed,with an emphasis on chemical/physical sensors and energy devices.In addition,special attention is given to applications that use multiple laser sources or processes,which lay the foundation for the all-laser fabrication of wearable devices.

大学生信息成瘾行为的触发路径与干预策略:基于S-O-R理论视角

[目的/意义]文章以大学生为研究对象,探究该群体信息成瘾行为的影响机制,为大学生信息成瘾行为的预防和管理提供价值参考。[方法/过程]引入刺激-机体-反应(S-O-R)理论,利用文献梳理总结大学生信息成瘾过程中的外部刺激,深度剖析机体在成瘾过程中产生的认知心理,构建大学生信息成瘾行为理论模型,运用结构方程模型实证分析大学生信息成瘾的触发路径。[结果/结论]研究结果表明,信息过载、间歇性奖励和行为管理会显著正向影响大学生的不确定性回避,进而导致大学生信息成瘾。同时,信息过载也会使大学生产生信息焦虑,信息焦虑显著正向影响大学生信息成瘾行为。面向高等院校、大学生群体和科技企业,提出针对性建议与对策,有助于完善高等院校管理体系,促进学生适应信息化环境,推动高等教育事业更好发展。

Toluene Processed All-Polymer Solar Cells with 18%Efficiency and Enhanced Stability Enabled by Solid Additive:Comparison Between Sequential-Processing and Blend-Casting

The emergence of polymerized small molecule acceptors(PSMAs)has significantly improved the performance of all-polymer solar cells(all-PSCs).However,the pace of device engineering lacks behind that of materials development,so that a majority of the PSMAs have not fulfilled their potentials.Furthermore,most high-performance all-PSCs rely on the use of chloroform as the processing solvent.For instance,the recent highperformance PSMA,named PJ1-γ,with high LUMO,and HOMO levels,could only achieve a PCE of 16.1%with a high-energy-level donor(JD40)using chloroform.Herein,we present a methodology combining sequential processing(SqP)with the addition of 0.5%wt PC_(71)BM as a solid additive(SA)to achieve an impressive efficiency of 18.0%for all-PSCs processed from toluene,an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent.Compared to the conventional blend-casting(BC)method whose best efficiency(16.7%)could only be achieved using chloroform,the SqP method significantly boosted the device efficiency using toluene as the processing solvent.In addition,the donor we employ is the classic PM6 that has deeper energy levels than JD40,which provides low energy loss for the device.We compare the results with another PSMA(PYF-T-o)with the same method.Finally,an improved photostability of the SqP devices with the incorporation of SA is demonstrated.