Introduction： Nephrolithiasis is quite common in this part of the world.In the metabolic workup Uric acid and Calcium assay are important. Calcium ＆ Uric acid lithiasis accounts for significant number of cases. But,...Introduction： Nephrolithiasis is quite common in this part of the world.In the metabolic workup Uric acid and Calcium assay are important. Calcium ＆ Uric acid lithiasis accounts for significant number of cases. But, the values given as reference do not seem to apply in tropical countries like India. We tried to analyse the values of Serum Calcium ＆ Uric acid in both normal healthy individuals and those with calculus disease in out patient department. Material and methods： The study was conducted in outpatient department wherein Serum Uric acid, Calcium ＆ Phosphorus levels were assessed in fasting state in all patients irrespective of age and sex in the period Jan. 2010- June 2015. A total of 9887 patients with stone disease were kept in Group A and 8967 patients with other diseases in group B who acted as control, were enrolled for the study. The demographic profile was recorded and associated metabolic disorders were also documented. Patients with associated features of bony pains and gout were also specified. Result： The Uric acid levels in the control group B were quite lower than the reference values in either sex. However, the values were more than 6 mg/dl in nephrolithiasis group A. The S.Calcium levels of control in group B were significantly lower than the reference value and patients with nephrolithiasis in group A also had hypocalcemia. Conclusion： Nephrolithiasis is a metabolic disorder with majority of patients having higher Uric acid levels with hypocalcemia in our population.The normal values in control group is on the lower side of reference value which could be due to variation on account of climatic, dietary and geographical factors. It needs broader studies to redefine reference values of Uric acid and Calcium in tropical countries like India.展开更多
Background:There is increasing evidence that the substantial global burden of disease for tuberculosis unfolds in concert with dimensions of common mental disorders.Person-centred care holds much promise to ameliorate...Background:There is increasing evidence that the substantial global burden of disease for tuberculosis unfolds in concert with dimensions of common mental disorders.Person-centred care holds much promise to ameliorate these comorbidities in low-to-middle income countries(LMICs)and emerging economies.Towards this end,this paper aims to review 1)the nature and extent of tuberculosis and common mental disorder comorbidity and 2)person-centred tuberculosis care in low-to-middle income countries and emerging economies.Main text:A scoping review of 100 articles was conducted of English-language studies published from 2000 to 2019 in peer-reviewed and grey literature,using established guidelines,for each of the study objectives.Four broad tuberculosis/mental disorder comorbidities were described in the literature,namely alcohol use and tuberculosis,depression and tuberculosis,anxiety and tuberculosis,and general mental health and tuberculosis.Rates of comorbidity varied widely across countries for depression,anxiety,alcohol use and general mental health.Alcohol use and tuberculosis were significantly related,especially in the context of poverty.The initial tuberculosis diagnostic episode had substantial sociopsychological effects on service users.While men tended to report higher rates of alcohol use and treatment default,women in general had worse mental health outcomes.Older age and a history of mental illness were also associated with pronounced tuberculosis and mental disorder comorbidity.Person-centred tuberculosis care interventions were almost absent,with only one study from Nepal identified.Conclusions:There is an emerging body of evidence describing the nature and extent of tuberculosis and mental disorders comorbidity in low-to-middle income countries.Despite the potential of person-centred interventions,evidence is limited.This review highlights a pronounced need to address psychosocial comorbidities with tuberculosis in LMICs,where models of person-centred tuberculosis care in routine care platforms may yield promising outcomes.展开更多
根据世界卫生组织（World Health Organization，WHO）的估计，2005年全球至少有2.78亿人有致残性听力损害（WHO关于致残性听力损害的标准是听力较好耳有中度以上听力损失），其中80％的听力障碍人士生活在中低收入国家。据调查50％的...根据世界卫生组织（World Health Organization，WHO）的估计，2005年全球至少有2.78亿人有致残性听力损害（WHO关于致残性听力损害的标准是听力较好耳有中度以上听力损失），其中80％的听力障碍人士生活在中低收入国家。据调查50％的耳聋和听力障碍通过预防、早期诊断和处理是可避免的。因此，WHO听力障碍防治规划任重而道远。展开更多
文摘Introduction： Nephrolithiasis is quite common in this part of the world.In the metabolic workup Uric acid and Calcium assay are important. Calcium ＆ Uric acid lithiasis accounts for significant number of cases. But, the values given as reference do not seem to apply in tropical countries like India. We tried to analyse the values of Serum Calcium ＆ Uric acid in both normal healthy individuals and those with calculus disease in out patient department. Material and methods： The study was conducted in outpatient department wherein Serum Uric acid, Calcium ＆ Phosphorus levels were assessed in fasting state in all patients irrespective of age and sex in the period Jan. 2010- June 2015. A total of 9887 patients with stone disease were kept in Group A and 8967 patients with other diseases in group B who acted as control, were enrolled for the study. The demographic profile was recorded and associated metabolic disorders were also documented. Patients with associated features of bony pains and gout were also specified. Result： The Uric acid levels in the control group B were quite lower than the reference values in either sex. However, the values were more than 6 mg/dl in nephrolithiasis group A. The S.Calcium levels of control in group B were significantly lower than the reference value and patients with nephrolithiasis in group A also had hypocalcemia. Conclusion： Nephrolithiasis is a metabolic disorder with majority of patients having higher Uric acid levels with hypocalcemia in our population.The normal values in control group is on the lower side of reference value which could be due to variation on account of climatic, dietary and geographical factors. It needs broader studies to redefine reference values of Uric acid and Calcium in tropical countries like India.
文摘Background:There is increasing evidence that the substantial global burden of disease for tuberculosis unfolds in concert with dimensions of common mental disorders.Person-centred care holds much promise to ameliorate these comorbidities in low-to-middle income countries(LMICs)and emerging economies.Towards this end,this paper aims to review 1)the nature and extent of tuberculosis and common mental disorder comorbidity and 2)person-centred tuberculosis care in low-to-middle income countries and emerging economies.Main text:A scoping review of 100 articles was conducted of English-language studies published from 2000 to 2019 in peer-reviewed and grey literature,using established guidelines,for each of the study objectives.Four broad tuberculosis/mental disorder comorbidities were described in the literature,namely alcohol use and tuberculosis,depression and tuberculosis,anxiety and tuberculosis,and general mental health and tuberculosis.Rates of comorbidity varied widely across countries for depression,anxiety,alcohol use and general mental health.Alcohol use and tuberculosis were significantly related,especially in the context of poverty.The initial tuberculosis diagnostic episode had substantial sociopsychological effects on service users.While men tended to report higher rates of alcohol use and treatment default,women in general had worse mental health outcomes.Older age and a history of mental illness were also associated with pronounced tuberculosis and mental disorder comorbidity.Person-centred tuberculosis care interventions were almost absent,with only one study from Nepal identified.Conclusions:There is an emerging body of evidence describing the nature and extent of tuberculosis and mental disorders comorbidity in low-to-middle income countries.Despite the potential of person-centred interventions,evidence is limited.This review highlights a pronounced need to address psychosocial comorbidities with tuberculosis in LMICs,where models of person-centred tuberculosis care in routine care platforms may yield promising outcomes.
文摘根据世界卫生组织（World Health Organization，WHO）的估计，2005年全球至少有2.78亿人有致残性听力损害（WHO关于致残性听力损害的标准是听力较好耳有中度以上听力损失），其中80％的听力障碍人士生活在中低收入国家。据调查50％的耳聋和听力障碍通过预防、早期诊断和处理是可避免的。因此，WHO听力障碍防治规划任重而道远。
