The Translation of Chinese Literature under the Theory of Translation Compensation

In order to promote the exchange of Chinese culture with foreign countries,translators bear an important mission in the process of cross-cultural communication.Although there are cultural differences,we can achieve cultural dissemination and exchange through continuous cultural dialogue.As an important way for foreign scholars to understand the history of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties in China,the translation of historical texts is crucial.Multiple typical cases are selected under the guidance of the translation theory of compensation to use relevant methods or techniques from the three levels of language,culture,and aesthetics to compensate for the loss of Li Xueqin’s The Origin of Ancient Chinese Civilization in English translation proofreading.

A Coherent Interpretation of Economic Compensation for Divorce:Taking Gender Equality as the Basis

Article 1088 of China's Civil Code grants the right to seek economic compensation in divorce cases.However,significant confusion persists regarding the values,interpretations of doctrine,and legal techniques related to this compensation.Various viewpoints have emerged on the nature of compensation,including notions of household wages,human capital investment,moral obligation,and damages recovery.Concerning compensation standards,there are proposals such as the“humanitarian assistance”theory,“household wages”theory,“expected interest”theory,or“loss of interest”theory.By examining the evolution,legal principles,and practical applications of economic compensation for divorce from a human rights perspective,we aim to establish the legal foundation for this compensation,grounded in principles of gender equality.It clarifies that the compensation essentially confirms and restores individual development opportunities and the right to development in the context of gender inequality.This approach aims to provide a more coherent interpretation of clauses of economic compensation for divorce in terms of legal purposes,legal doctrines,and legal techniques,thus offering a more reasonable perspective to reconcile theoretical and practical discrepancies in economic compensation for divorce.

Nighttime Construction Noise Disturbance Compensation in Beijing:Taking the Tongzhou New Campus Project of Renmin University of China as an Example

By examining a specific case of compensating for nighttime construction noise in Beijing’s construction projects,we explored how the costs of mitigating construction noise disturbance could be fairly distributed among multiple construction projects near residential areas.In this process,the local government played a crucial coordinating role.According to regulations,construction units must include the costs of preventing and controlling construction noise pollution in the project cost.The construction contract should clearly specify the construction unit’s responsibility for noise pollution prevention and control.After signing the contract,the construction unit should promptly undertake relevant measures to minimize disturbances caused by nighttime construction,aiming to reduce the adverse impacts on the community and ensure the smooth progress of the construction project.

Ocean ecological compensation mechanism in Liaoning area from the angle of ecological civilization——based on analysis of Dalian's cooperative governance

How to speed up the establishment of marine ecological compensation and the ecological compensation system is inevitable choice from ocean country to marine power.Therefore,construction of marine ecological compensation mechanism is the effective means which incentives marine ecosystem services supply,improves the quality of marine ecology,and promotes the ocean to the green transformation.Combined with Dalian maritime case study in Liaoning Province,three dimensional interactive marine ecological compensation mechanism,the compensation frame work,path and operation mechanism were built up.Suggestions on accelerating the legislation process;perfecting the management system;establishing proper system for both incentive constraint and reward-punishment;increasing the source of Ocean Ecological Compensation funds;accelerating On the study of the Ocean Ecological Compensation Mechanism in Liaoning Area from the Angl-e of Ecological Civilization Based on Case Analysis of Dalian.

Research on EU Rural Eco-compensation Policy,Taking Scotland Rural Priority Scheme as an Example

Taking Scotland Rural Priority Scheme as an example, experiences of EU rural eco-compensation policy were discussed to enlighten China. The implementing objectives and processing program of Scottish policy were respectively set forth,including 6 steps of statement of Intent, proposal, assessment, contract signing, claims and inspections, breaches and penalties.Therein 3 meaningful aspects for the construction of current compensation mechanism in China were as following: keeping consistency between national and local policies to establish close connection in eco-goal and funding subsidy, setting both improved assessment procedure and scientific compensation system to promote the lasting implementation of environmental-friendly measures, making correspondent check and monitor mechanism together with breach and penalty mechanism to secure the payment execution.

On Compensation for Damages of the Violation of the Right to Life -- with Instant Death Being the Object of Research

There are two situations when the right to life is encroached: instant death and death after an interval, the compensations for which are quite different from each other, so we shall research upon them respectively. In the situation of instant death, the people who claims for compensation is neither the dead nor the one who bears the compensation,and it is the near relative of the dead, the foundation of which is not inheritance,but natural damage, and the compensation covers only funeral expense,moral damage and compensation for death.

Public Policy Supply for Successful Practice of the Xin’anjiang River Ecological Compensation Mechanism

The ecological protection of the inter-provincial river basin of Xin’anjiang River takes the ecological compensation mechanism as the starting point and achieves good results.The success of the mechanism is best reflected in its innovation of public policy supply,which is not only a vivid practice of Xi Jinping’s ecological civilization thought in the new era,but also establishes a model for absorption,transformation and export of policy supply.The effective supply of public policies on ecological environment is the realistic choice for the construction of ecological civilization in the new era.

Compensation mechanism for ecological interests of Erhai Lake tourist destination in Dali, Yunnan province

Erhai Lake in Dali,Yunnan province,is the"Mother Lake"of the Bai people.It has superior location advantages,remarkable comprehensive functions and profound historical culture.It is the cradle of Dali’s politics,economy and culture,and also the foundation of the sustainable economic development of the Autonomous Prefecture.After the government put great efforts to govern Erhai Lake,the original interest demand structure of the surrounding residents was broke down,and the problems of interest friction and interest conflict became the practical problems faced by the region.This paper will analyze the compensation mechanism of Erhai Lake’s ecological interests from the aspects of ecological damage,stakeholders,interests,tourism transformation and so on,so as to provide a reference for the transformation and upgrading of national tourism destinations and tourism industry.

物之使用利益的损害赔偿研究

权利人的物因遭受他人侵害毁损、灭失,该物在修理、重置过程中,权利人丧失对物的正常使用,导致使用利益受损。我国《民法典》中并无使用利益损害赔偿的一般性规定,司法实践中却存在大量相关案例,因此研究物之使用利益损害赔偿的原理与规则有其必要性。侵害物之使用利益能否构成侵权的关键点在于使用利益是否为受侵权法保护的民事权益。而权利人能否请求损害赔偿,还须证明使用利益遭受侵害时确实存在财产上的损害。无损害即无赔偿,但并非所有的损害都必然会得到填补,因此对物之使用利益的损害的具体赔偿仍需区分探讨:将物分为具有经营性目的的物和不具有经营性目的的物,对于不具有经营性目的的物可根据是否支出替代费用细化区分,没有实际支出替代费用的还须再判断其是否为生活必需品。

论侵害监护权的损害赔偿责任

相对于监护关系外的第三人,监护关系具有绝对、排他的效力,监护人依法履行监护职责产生的权利属于绝对权,受到侵权法的保护。非法使被监护人脱离监护的行为构成对监护人监护权的侵害,侵权人应当承担由此造成的财产和精神损害。监护权被侵害的财产损害既包括监护人为恢复监护关系而支出的合理费用,也包括因此遭受的误工损失等其他财产损失。侵害监护权的行为只有使父母子女关系和其他近亲属关系遭受严重损害时,父母以及担任监护人的其他近亲属才享有精神损害赔偿请求权。被监护人在脱离监护期间死亡时,作为监护人的近亲属既享有因监护权被侵害的损害赔偿请求权,也有权就被监护人的死亡向侵权人行使人身损害赔偿请求权;被监护人伤残的,只有被监护人享有人身损害赔偿请求权。赔偿合理的奔丧费既符合民法典的规定,更是我国传统伦理道德与社会主义核心价值观的基本要求。

规制商标恶意维权的反赔制度研究——兼评《商标法修订草案(征求意见稿)》第84条

商标恶意维权是一种特殊的民事侵权行为,反赔是规制该行为的有效路径之一。《商标法》第五次修订草案新增恶意诉讼反赔条款,但其规定过于简单。反赔请求的前提应由商标恶意诉讼扩张至商标恶意维权。“恶意”的认定应以明显违反诚实信用原则为基础,强调同时具备认识因素和目的因素,并结合具体个案中的客观事实综合判断。反赔请求的实现方式包括反诉、另行起诉和在确认不侵权之诉中提出三种路径。反赔责任范围中的商誉损害可通过无形资产评估的方式确定,合理开支应包含制止商标恶意维权所支出的必要律师费。需提高举证妨碍制度的适用率以化解反赔请求人举证难、判赔低的问题,减少法定赔偿标准的适用率并肯定惩罚性赔偿制度在打击商标恶意维权行为中的积极意义。

新型疫苗接种异常反应国家补偿责任之证成

附条件上市及紧急使用的疫苗是有别于传统疫苗类型的新型疫苗,无法直接套用现有的异常反应补偿责任模式;而其异常反应若得不到有效补偿,会使社会陷入接种迟疑,导致群体免疫目标无法达成。鉴于国家补偿责任的决定因素为公益性,主管部门“应种尽种”的劝导虽无法定强制力,但有行政权威背景下的事实强制力,且受种人对之具有信赖利益,因而对该类疫苗异常反应的补偿责任,不应比照非免疫规划疫苗由疫苗企业承担,而应与免疫规划疫苗一致由国家承担补偿责任,这也是国家承担宪法义务的体现;且该类疫苗异常反应的国家补偿责任也普遍为世界各国及地区和世卫组织所采纳,因而也有充分的比较法依据;而国家或国际合作平台替代企业责任后,疫苗上市后的警戒和采购控制对提升疫苗安全更起着关键作用。

我国生态补偿考核评价制度的检视与完善

生态补偿考核评价是生态文明建设目标实现的重要支持,其在规范与实践中都形成了一定示例与地方经验。然而,生态补偿考核评价的考评目的、考评主体、考评对象等要点尚缺乏法律规范的明示,考核评价的实践也存在策略错误与条件缺失的问题,并不具备独立的工作流程。对此,改革者需要在法律规范中明确生态补偿考核评价的定位与要求,逐步充实考评发展条件、纠正考评策略,并以整体主义思维打造生态补偿考核评价的实践系统。

刑民交叉执行关系的处理规则与法理

刑民交叉执行关系的实践处理,缺乏明确的基本原则与具体的操作规则。以刑民交叉诉讼关系的原则作为处理前提,既存在程序上的不适应性,也无法合理保障当事人权益的实现。诉讼程序与执行程序存在本质上的不同,“重刑轻民”的理念难以为刑事执行优先提供有力的法理基础。刑民交叉执行关系的处理原则,应坚持以权利为基础,明确权益保护上的优先性,以此作为选择执行依据与决定执行顺位的根据。在权益保护上,需要对善意取得制度作出扩大解释,不仅适用于标的物所有权的取得,也包括其他物权的取得。刑民交叉执行关系分为两种基本类型:一是被执行主体竞合的交叉执行,二是执行标的物竞合的交叉执行。基于不同的交叉类型,需要在基本事实与法律关系上,以当事人权利作为判断标准,一方面维护社会市场交易的稳定性,另一方面实现对犯罪人的刑事制裁,保障执行程序的公正与效率。

论食药安全刑附民公益诉讼惩罚性赔偿的法律适用——赔罚关系视角下的代表性案例分析

在食药安全刑附民公益诉讼中,检察机关能否以及如何提起惩罚性赔偿,在理论上和实践中都存在较大争议。食药安全刑附民公益诉讼惩罚性赔偿呈现政策性文件支持导向明显,而法律中直接请求权规范缺失的现状。这导致在司法实践中审判机关对检察机关的惩罚性赔偿诉讼请求裁判不一。检察机关出于维护公共利益的目的和行使法律监督职能的要求,是提起惩罚性赔偿的适格主体。基于惩罚性赔偿的民事责任性质,惩罚性赔偿金不应与刑事罚金“竞合”,不应相互抵扣,应当缴付至专门公益基金以支持食药安全公益事业。

生态系统服务价值下的南山国家公园生态补偿的策略

科学测算适配的生态补偿标准,建立完善的生态补偿长效机制,是高质量推进国家公园生态文明建设的关键一环。基于南山国家公园土地利用变化,采用生态系统服务价值修正模型测算生态系统服务价值,运用ArcGIS方法刻画生态系统服务价值演变的空间差异,最后综合测算区域内各县生态补偿优先级,设计区域生态补偿标准。结果表明:(1)从时间序列来看,南山国家公园生态系统服务价值呈现先下降后上升趋势,但十年前到现在总体呈下降趋势,其中林地生态系统服务价值最高,占总价值比例的98%;(2)从空间演变来看,南山公家公园所辖各县的生态系统服务价值从高值到低值依次为:城步县、绥宁县、新宁县、东安县;(3)各县生态补偿优先级为:绥宁县、城步县、新宁县、东安县;南山国家公园生态补偿总额度为4.80亿元,从高到低依次为城步县、绥宁县、新宁县、东安县。

森林生态效益补偿优先级机制研究及应用——基于碳汇总量与变化量视角

森林生态效益补偿制度对于提高森林建设者积极性、促进森林生态效益提升具有重要意义。然而,我国森林生态效益补偿实践中依然存在仅以森林面积为补偿依据导致激励错位的问题。基于此,结合国家“双碳”目标,提出一种基于碳汇总量与变化量双向视角的综合森林生态效益补偿优先级机制,选取我国重要生态功能区秦巴山区为案例,分别从森林碳汇总量与变化量视角量化各区县生态补偿优先级,并构建二者结合的综合优先级模型,以促进在生态补偿实践中的资金分配公平性与激励性。研究发现,(1)在研究期内大多区县森林碳汇总量增长,但存在个别区县森林碳汇功能降低的现象,具体原因存在差异;(2)碳汇总量优先级与碳汇变化量优先级清单存在差异。总量优先级高的区县,变化量优先级较低,因此,生态补偿应综合考虑各区县森林碳汇在两个维度的表现;(3)综合优先级排名结果呈现“高值-中值-低值”的不同区间特征,该补偿机制在综合优先级高值区激励区县扩建森林、新增森林碳汇,在中值区激励区县保育森林,在低值区鼓励区县结合森林现状从扩建与保育两个方向提升森林碳汇功能。以森林碳汇保育与增汇成果为导向,有效探索碳汇功能在生态补偿中的实践价值,为我国区域森林生态效益补偿实践的公平性与科学性提供研究基础。

对CPA民事赔偿制度的思考

最高法院颁发受理证券市场民事赔偿的通知 ,促进了我国证券市场民事赔偿制度的建立。在我国历史上 ,注册会计师提供虚假审计报告只受过行政和刑事处罚 ,从未有过被民事处罚 ,已有的法规对注册会计师民事赔偿的规定也不够完备。最高法院的最新通知尚不能提供一个可操作的CPA民事赔偿制度。本文就注册会计师行业的特殊性及我国证券市场现实状况 ,对建立完善CPA民事赔偿制度的难点及对策提出一些看法。

证券民事赔偿的公法激励:行政执法和解与恢复性刑事司法的应用

公权处置前置和集体行动困境不是阻碍我国证券民事赔偿责任实现的主因。实践案例显示,公权处置前置带来的“罚先赔后”“赔偿不足”是导致投资者消极行权的重要因素。对此,可以发掘公法的激励机制,促进、保障受害投资者民事利益优先实现。证券行政执法和解的和解金优先赔偿投资者、嗣后盈余上缴国库,能够保障投资者损失优先受偿。我国目前适用该制度的案件数量偏少,立法对和解金的性质和地位界定不清。对此,应在公私法融合的背景下建立对和解金的独立认识,在和解金谈判中尽可能实现对受害投资者的足额补偿。将被害人利益置于核心地位的恢复性司法也具有保障受害投资者民事利益实现的效能。刑事责任减让能够激励犯罪人在个人财产之外筹措资金,缓解可供执行财产不足的问题。刑事责任的减让须与犯罪人的赔偿能力关联起来,同时考察市场秩序法益的恢复程度,保持惩罚、预防功能的总量守恒。

商标恶意诉讼的民事规制路径研究——兼评《中华人民共和国商标法修订草案(征求意见稿)》第84条

目前,我国法律尚未形成对商标恶意诉讼的规制机制。一方面商标恶意诉讼案件呈上升趋势;另一方面理论界和司法界对于商标恶意诉讼还未形成统一认识,不利于我国知识产权战略的推进与实施。在立法规范层面,应健全立法规制体系,可从健全相关立法、细化赔偿规则以及设置民事抗辩权入手;从司法实践角度,应优化司法规制程序,考虑以注重庭前审查、谨慎启动临时保全措施以及建立统一的司法识别标准为切入点。