Challenges Confronting China's Financial Security from the Perspective of a Holistic Approach to National Security

Finance is the lifeblood of a modern economy.The 2008 international financial crisis,which changed the course of history,has highlighted the decisive role of financial security in the sustainable development of the contemporary world—all sovereign states included.Implementing the national rejuvenation strategy within a wider context of the once-in-a-century changes taking place in the world,the Communist Party of China(CPC)has constantly deepened its understanding of financial security,making it an important component of a holistic approach to national security and Xi Jinping's economic thought.In the wake of the Russia-Ukraine crisis,the US and Europe launched a"financial nuclear strike"against Russia.The comprehensive war centered on financial sanctions they have waged in response to Russia's military operations not only represents a shift in the form of future warfare,but also offers a preview of the major-country strategic competition in the future,which will inevitably grow in scope and intensity.This thesis intends to discuss the current changes in and challenges to China's financial security from the perspective of a holistic approach to national security and provide opinions based on domestic and international changes.

Strategic Thinking on the Russia-Ukraine Crisis from the Perspective of a Holistic Approach to National Security

Xi Jinping,General Secretary of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee,has creatively put forward a holistic approach to national security,making a major breakthrough beyond the traditional national security concepts and providing the world with a new one characterized by universality and inclusivity.This thesis uses a holistic approach to national security to analyze the ongoing Russia-Ukraine crisis:its underlying causes,latest developments,tactics deployed,and potential implications.The outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine crisis highlights the antagonism between different national security paths of the US,Russia,and Ukraine.Moreover,the crisis has proven the correctness of the path of national security with Chinese characteristics and the importance of pursuing peaceful development.The process of the Russia-Ukraine crisis has foregrounded the necessity and scientificity of balancing development and security-that is,a higher level of national security provides a guarantee and support for high-quality development,which in turn improves its competence and efficiency.Typified by intertwined traditional and non-traditional security issues,the form of the RussiaUkraine crisis has indicated that,to safeguard national security,China must coordinate a full spectrum of security issues,be prepared for worst-case scenarios,and remain keenly alert to potential dangers.Efforts must be made to strengthen a well-coordinated,interconnected,and multi-pronged approach.The consequences of the Russia-Ukraine crisis shed light on the complexity of the international security environment wheredisorder prevails,and underscore the importance of paying equal attention to our security and that shared by the world.China must continue to encourage all other countries to pursue peaceful development,actively respond to the legitimate security concerns of the international community,and promote a new type of international security framework that features mutually beneficial cooperation under the vision of a community with a shared future for humanity.

Thoroughly Study and Implement a Holistic Approach to National Security to Safeguard Chinese Modernization

2024 marks the tenth anniversary of a holistic approach to national security. As an important component of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, a holistic approach to national security provides fundamental guidance for China's national security work in the new era and is, therefore, of great theoretical and practical significance. This approach has several distinct features: it ref lects the trends of our times, is deeply rooted in China's national culture, and follows a people-centered, struggle-oriented, systematic, st rategic, in novative, and practice-based approach. By upholding and developing a holistic approach to national security, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC) has comprehensively strengthened the Party's absolute leadership over national security, reshaped the systems and mechanisms for national security across the board, and made brilliant achievements in national security work in the new era. Given the context of the momentous changes unseen in a century that shape today's world, the national security situation facing China is increasingly complex and grim, characterized by many challenges and new characteristics. On the new journey toward rejuvenating the nation and building China into a strong country, we should fully implement the spirit of the 20th CPC National Congress, firmly pursue a holistic approach to national security, and accelerate the modernization of China's national security system and capacity to ensure steady and sustained progress in Chinese modernization.

Strategic Thinking on the Path of National Security with Chinese Characteristics

General Secretary of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee Xi Jinping has creatively put forward a holistic approach to national security and the path of national security with Chinese characteristics,which are synergistic and inseparable.Compared with other major global powers,China is embarking on a path of national security that incorporates distinctive Chinese characteristics.Unlike the United States,which seeks international expansion and hegemony while pursuing national security,China is dedicated to maintaining global security and building a community with a shared future for humanity.Unlike Russia,which prioritizes national security over everything else,China places greater emphasis on balancing development and security.Unlike Europe and Japan,which entrust their national security to other countries,China has always adhered to the principle of independence and self-reliance.An essential feature of the path of national security with Chinese characteristics is that it upholds the unity of the people’s security,political security,and the supremacy of national interests.Moreover,China will remain committed to peaceful development while defending its interests.China will continue to balance development and security imperatives,maintaining an independent foreign policy while building a community with a shared future for humanity.To make solid strides on the path of national security with Chinese characteristics,the fundamental task will be pursuing a holistic approach to national security and implementing the Ten Upholds.

Centennial Evolution of the CPC’s National Security Thought

Born at a time of domestic turmoil and foreign aggression,the Communist Party of China(CPC)has an ingrained understanding of and has always attached great importance to national security.Undergoing different stages of national development from"standing up"to"growing rich"and to"becoming strong,"the CPC has been constantly adjusting its visions and strategies on national security in light of changes in the international situation.Such visions and strategies will surely continue to be enriched and improved in the great endeavors of building socialism with Chinese characteristics.With the proposal of the"ten upholds,"the theoretical system of national security with Chinese characteristics for the new era has taken shape,which will be underpinned by a holistic approach to national security.Thus,a historic leap in the century-old construction of the CPC’s national security theory system has been achieved.This paper aims to explore the ideological context of the formation and development of a holistic approach to national security from the centennial evolution of the CPC’s national security thought,comprehend the theoretical guiding role of the CPC’s national security thought from China’s historic achievements over the past century,and grasp the historic significance and values of upholding and developing a holistic approach to national security from the new historic juncture in China’s development and its historical responsibilities in the context of great changes unseen in a century.

National Security Theory with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated changes unseen in a century,ushering profound transitions in the development environment of China.The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC),with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core,maintains a firm hold on the strategic initiative in ensuring China’s security.It has developed new understandings and new ideas of the laws underlying national security,and emphasized the need to take a holistic approach to national security.This holistic approach is a powerful theoretical instrument that has become a fundamental guideline by incorporating China-specific characteristics to safeguarding and shaping national security.We must conscientiously study a holistic approach to national security to strengthen our consciousness of the need to keep in alignment with the Party Central Committee.We must closely follow the Party Central Committee in terms of our thinking,political orientation,and actions.We should put into practice Xi Jinping Thought on the Governance of China and implement the strategic decision to coordinate the needs of both development and security.We must remain committed to the principle of complying with China’s overall interests in ensuring both development and security as our nation marches toward rejuvenation.We must arm ourselves with Xi Jinping’s national security theory with Chinese characteristics for a new era and use it to guide our practices,thereby enhancing our professional abilities,quality,and methodologies to achieve levels commensurate with the requirements of a major and responsible country.We should adeptly align our efforts to the big picture of ensuring China’s national security in a holistic manner.

总体国家安全观下技术进步与能源替代能否降低石油对外依赖?——基于IEA国家的经验证据

资源安全与经济安全是总体国家安全观的重要构成内容,是国民经济高质量发展的前提。石油作为“能源之王”与“工业血液”,探索石油的对外依赖状态是关系国家资源安全和经济安全的战略性问题。本文基于总体国家安全观的新内涵,构建石油对外综合依赖度的测算框架。在此基础上,利用2005—2020年30个IEA国家的面板数据,分析技术进步和替代效应对石油对外综合依赖度的影响过程。结果表明,技术进步、能源替代能够显著降低石油对外综合依赖度,变革型技术进步能够调节能源替代对石油对外综合依赖度的降低作用;技术进步、能源替代降低石油对外依赖的作用大小受经济发展水平、石油对外依赖程度的影响,具有显著的异质性;作为反映石油对外依赖状态的指标,石油对外综合依赖度比对外依存度更合理,样本期内不同类型的国家呈现的石油对外依赖度变化趋势存在差异。最后,本文从多角度对降低我国石油对外依赖程度提出相关建议。

Ensuring Both Development and Security: Evolutionary Logic and Contemporary Values

China has always placed great importance on the relationship between development and security. Since the founding of the People’s Republic in 1949, China has been modifying its approach to security and development to keep pace with domestic and international changes. It has gone through three periods in terms of its approach to development and security—prioritizing security before the launch of the reform and opening-up policy in 1978, prioritizing development between 1978 and the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC), and gradually enhancing both these two imperatives after the 18th CPC National Congress. Currently, with the once-in-a-century global changes and the increase in traditional and non-traditional security threats, China is confronted with unprecedented external challenges. However, its capability to preserve national security still needs improvement. Based on a clear understanding of the situation, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has proposed a holistic approach to national security, highlighting “ensuring both development and security” as a guideline for China’s socio-economic development and a major principle underlying the CPC’s governance. Thus, it provides guidance, both in theory and in practice, for pursuing the path of national security with Chinese characteristics.

Balancing Development and Security in the Context of Containment and Pressure by the United States

The United States is launching an all-out crackdown against China in the name of competition,which has posed increasingly severe challenges to development and security in China.The strategic competition between China and the United States is becoming an essential part of once-in-a-century changes that is shaping the world today.Under such circumstances,the Communist Party of China applies a holistic approach to national security,which aims to balance development and security as well as opening up and security.Furthermore,it intends to implement the national rejuvenation strategy within the wider context of once-ina-century global changes.Managing China’s affairs well to achieve a dynamic balance and positive interaction among high-quality development,high-level security,and high-standard opening-up can provide the basis for realizing the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and response to containment by the United States.While fostering a new development paradigm,China advances scientific and technological innovation and pursues common prosperity.Moreover,it defends national security through firm but flexible struggles and promotes safe development by accelerating domestic circulation.However,China needs to control the costs of its security investment,pay equal attention to the risks and gains brought about by its opening-up policy,and,thus,enhance its capability to compete with the United States in the long term.

中国国家安全学:生成逻辑、体系创新与未来展望

国家安全学的设立既是呼应新时代发展课题的必然要求,也是国家安全总体战略布局中的重要一环。时代赋予国家安全学现实土壤,战略赋予学科建设内在动力,交叉是学科产生的关键内核,作为战略性新兴学科的国家安全学在时代与战略的共鸣下应运而生。国家安全学在总体思维和交叉思维的指导下,在学科体系建设上提高站位、科学错位;在学术体系建设上立足国情、注重内涵;在话语体系建设上言之有理、言之有道,不断探索国家安全学的体系创新,逐渐发展出一条中国国家安全学建设的独特路径。面向未来,需要牢牢把握总体国家安全观,以探索学科基础研究范式为主线,立足学科自身的交叉属性、战略属性和政治属性,推动国家安全学自主知识体系建设与学术共同体建设,促进学科进一步高质量发展。

提升产业链韧性和安全水平:时代背景、风险挑战与靶向进路

提升产业链韧性和安全水平是谋求全球产业链分工主动权和话语权的战略性布局。在全球产业链加速重构的背景下,我国产业链安全稳定面临内外部的风险和挑战。从外部来看,主要面临新的地缘政治掣肘、发达国家制造业回流与发展中国家制造业分流的双重挤压以及高精尖技术领域受到“卡脖子”技术封锁等风险;从内部来看,仍面临如何破除产业链安全稳定面临的体制机制障碍、提升产业链自主可控能力以及降低部分粮食、能源资源和重要产业链的高进口集中度等挑战。对此,可通过加快培育“以我为主”的产业链合作体系、打造高标准配套与高水平营商环境以及突破“卡脖子”技术封锁等措施来应对外部风险;通过有序推进全国统一大市场建设、全面提升产业链自主可控能力以及加快产业体系分散化布局等措施来应对内部挑战,从而实现提升我国产业链韧性和安全水平的战略目标。

总体国家安全观视域下的国家安全学理论研究十年回眸

中国学界对国家安全学理论的研究可以追溯到20世纪90年代。2014年总体国家安全观提出以后,国家安全学理论研究有了根本遵循,标志着国家安全学理论研究进入新时代。2024年,在总体国家安全观提出十周年之际,中国学界对国家安全学理论的研究,形成了以总体国家安全观研究为先导、加快国家安全学及其学科理论研究和推进中国本土化国家安全学自主理论体系探究的新格局。总体国家安全观内涵不断丰富和深化,国家安全学研究对象和学科定位日益清晰明确,国家安全学理论本土化进一步彰显,国家安全学理论构建日趋完善,国家安全学一级学科建设稳步推进。虽然国家安全学一级学科建设起步较晚,国家安全学理论研究存在一些短板,但当今世界之变、时代之变和历史之变的步伐逐渐加快,中国面临的安全挑战前所未有,需要国家安全学理论研究有所作为,作出应有的历史贡献。为此,中国学界需要做“深”国家安全学基础理论研究,拓展国家安全学理论研究的厚度和深度;做“专”领域国家安全学理论研究,强化国家安全学理论研究的广度;做“强”工具国家安全学理论研究,凸显国家安全学理论研究的实效性。

生物安全情报治理碎片化困境及破解路径:整体性治理理论视角

[目的/意义]生物安全为国家安全治理带来新挑战。情报作为维护国家安全的耳目、尖兵,发挥着战略性作用。全面贯彻落实总体国家安全观,维护国家生物安全,需要发挥情报的支撑作用,必须尽快完善生物安全情报治理体系。生物安全情报治理作为国家治理的一部分,同样面临碎片化困境。整体性治理理论是有效应对国家治理碎片化的利器,也有助于解决生物安全情报治理中存在的碎片化问题,从而在实践层面上有效提升生物安全情报治理效能。[方法/过程]通过剖析生物安全情报治理在治理主体碎片化、治理价值碎片化、治理信息碎片化上的困境,文章构建了整体性治理视角下生物安全情报治理的理论模型,探索破解生物安全情报治理碎片化困境的路径。[结果/结论]在生物安全情报治理中运用整体性治理理论,不仅有助于推进生物安全情报治理功能整合与治理效能提升,也有助于提高国家生物安全防御能力。

基于CiteSpace的国家安全情报研究进展的可视化分析

面对错综复杂的国内外安全形势,在总体国家安全观战略指导下,系统梳理我国国家安全情报的研究现状有助于增进对国家安全情报发展状况的了解,对未来发展指明道路和方向。选择2014-2022年间中国知网(CNKI)平台的CSSCI期刊、CSCD期刊和核心期刊作为国家安全情报领域文献来源,借助用文献计量法和文献可视化分析法作为分析方法识别国家安全情报领域的发文数量、作者间机构间的相互联系和研究热点,厘清了国家安全情报领域研究的发展现状。

国家安全体系和能力现代化的基本内涵、生成逻辑与推进路径

国家安全体系和能力现代化是为了维护和塑造国家安全,持续健全国家安全体系和增强国家安全能力,从而使国家安全体系和能力适应新时代新要求的过程。国家安全体系和能力现代化是立足中华民族伟大复兴战略全局和世界百年未有之大变局而提出,其遵循的基本理念是总体国家安全观和共同、综合、合作、可持续的安全观,政治原则是坚持党对国家安全工作的领导和坚持以人民安全为宗旨,理论基础是总体国家安全观和国家安全学理论,目标导向是建设更高水平的平安中国、实现中华民族伟大复兴、以新安全格局保障新发展格局、保障和全面建设社会主义现代化国家以及推动构建人类安全共同体。因此,推进国家安全体系和能力现代化是中国式现代化和新时代国家安全工作的重点任务。国家安全体系和能力现代化的推进路径包括强化全局性谋划和整体性推进、加强统筹协调和高效协同、突出实战实用实效导向、强化国家安全法治建设、注重科技赋能国家安全、夯实国家安全基层基础以及重视国家安全主动塑造和韧性提升。

维护国家安全与社会稳定的理论逻辑、历史演变与实践路径

正确认识国家安全与社会稳定的逻辑关系与体系结构,是新时代推进国家安全体系和能力现代化,开展国家安全工作的重要思想基础。西方政治思想中“社会产生国家”与“国家决定社会”两种较为主流的理论观点,都明确了国家对社会秩序和个人权利的保障作用。马克思主义则从社会决定国家出发,强调国家维护安全的外部职能与社会管理的内部职能,确立了维护国家安全与社会稳定的理论分析框架。总体国家安全观提出“统筹外部安全和内部安全”,是对马克思主义的创新性发展,维护国家安全与社会稳定呈现嵌入性、同构性与层次性的特征。新中国成立以后巩固新生社会主义政权是维护国家安全的首要任务;改革开放后突出强调社会稳定,维护国家安全为创造稳定的社会环境服务;中共十八大之后,中国坚持以总体国家安全观为指导,统筹发展与安全,建设更高水平的平安中国,维护国家安全和社会稳定。新时代国家安全工作应当遵循国家安全中央事权与社会稳定地方事权的治理事权逻辑,市民社会与政治国家二分治理结构下国家、政府、社会治理层级逻辑,法治国家、法治政府、法治社会的法治逻辑,国家安全风险与社会稳定风险的风险治理逻辑,以更好维护国家安全与社会稳定。

粮食产能提升的内涵要义、内在逻辑与实践进路

粮食产能是粮食产量实现的基础,正确理解并科学提升粮食产能是保障国家粮食安全的首要前提。文章构建了包含经营体系完善、耕地地力改善、科技装备完备、基础设施完好以及政策体系连续的粮食产能提升研究框架,利用新古典经济学、政治经济学理论,围绕“人—地—技—基—利”,剖析了粮食产能提升的理论逻辑;通过不断协调生产力与生产关系,总结了粮食产能提升从最初提升耕地基础肥力到单个要素投入发力,再到科技创新双轮驱动、多要素融合发展的历史逻辑;从农业社会化服务、耕地轮作、机械化、高标准农田建设和粮食安全党政同责等方面,分析了粮食产能提升的实践逻辑。粮食产能提升并非一帆风顺,特别是面临新型经营主体发展不充分、资源约束趋紧、部分科技装备薄弱、基础设施管护机制不健全、政策支持方式有待优化等问题,需加快推进新一轮千亿斤粮食产能提升行动落地。为此,新一轮粮食产能提升的关键在于推进新型主体培育、资源要素融合、提高科技装备性能、推进基础设施管护和长效政策支持,以增强粮食产能提升带动力、聚合力、核心力、生命力和吸引力。

中国传统安全研究十年进展

总体国家安全观提出十年来,中国的传统安全研究取得了显著进步。从研究议题看,中国的传统安全研究主要聚焦地区冲突,领土争端,联盟政治与伙伴关系,核安全、太空战略与网络安全,安全秩序等重要议题。在理论研究上,中国传统安全研究在宏观理论和中层理论方面都有大的提升。总的来看,中国传统安全研究在过去十年研究水平和国际化水平不断提升,中国学者发展了一些安全理论,在国际学术界产生了重要影响。在研究方法、人才梯队和学术共同体建设上,中国传统安全研究也取得了进步。不过,中国传统安全研究也面临着一些挑战:一方面,目前理论创新仍落后于中国的外交实践,难以满足构建中国自主知识体系的要求;另一方面,中国传统安全研究也面临学科碎片化和产出泡沫化的问题。展望未来,中国传统安全研究需紧扣中国和世界面临的重大战略问题,重视对中国经验的提炼和总结,通过基础理论创新为中华民族伟大复兴提供智力支撑。

环境法典的体系结构、边界延伸与统合立法研究

党的十八大以来,习近平生态文明思想深化了对自然规律、人类社会发展规律的认识,在“大力推进生态文明建设”部分,明确把“资源”“环境”“生态”三者分开并列表述,为环境法体系从“两分法”向“三分法”发展提供了政治基础。随着生态环境立法的激增,环境法体系进一步呈现不成体系性的特点,从“三分法”到“七分法”等观点被提出。环境法领域的扩张性使其边界具有模糊性。国家安全战略对环境法的功能进行了重塑,环境法体系结构需进行调整,应当超越传统分类标准。建议以绿色“新经济安全”价值为最高位阶的总体目标,建构新环境法体系,延伸边界,将气候法作为环境法的子体系;以“自然资本观”统合自然资源法和自然(生态)保护法,理顺内在逻辑结构,更新和构建新的自然资源(生态)保护法子体系。由于环境法体系的变化和不成体系性,在适度性编纂原则的基础上,若以实质性《生态环境法典》为目标,建议以最小范围划定构建统合立法,以总则和环境责任编为核心先行构建“环境法通则”。

总体国家安全观视域下的母语安全探赜

语言与政治、文化的密切关联,决定了总体国家安全观聚焦母语安全之维的必然。母语安全关涉人们之于国家、民族情感依存、身份认同、文化自信的重大问题。中国前现代、现代、后现代三者叠加的复杂语境中母语安全危机显像,母语网络污染、母语思维异化、母语文化断裂成为突出表征。强化母语安全意识、构建母语安全体系、重构母语文化魅力是应对母语安全危机的可行策略。