During spring 2013, an important uprising had broken out and marked a historic period for political activism in Turkish memory. Focusing on the afterlives of photographic portraits produced during this “Occupy Gezi M...During spring 2013, an important uprising had broken out and marked a historic period for political activism in Turkish memory. Focusing on the afterlives of photographic portraits produced during this “Occupy Gezi Movement”, the paper considers iconized digital portraitures as a peculiar genre of vernacular photography and focuses on its visual language, and cultural codes as a part of the underground resisting culture in daily life. It explores different contexts in which photographic portraits have been used as a tool of protest and their various kinds of remediation from the Gezi Park Protest onwards. Private portraits as an agent of resistance have been creatively modified, recreated, rematerialized and circulated in distinct ways during and after the protest： from city walls as stencils, stickers, and graffiti （in actual public spaces） to Facebook profile walls as online digital re-mastering （virtual spheres）. This article concentrates on aesthetics of such iconized digital photographic portraitures in contemporary Turkey. It particularly focuses on one of the instances that have labeled the Occupy Gezi Movement： the death of Berkin Elvan, who turned 15 while in a coma who has been struck in the head by a tear gas canister, fired by police, while on his way to buy bread. This case has been a catalyst for further demonstrations against Turkey＇s ruling party and turned Elvan＇s high-spirited face and dark eyebrows, to one of the strong symbols of the resistance. The teenage boy＇s injury during the protests, his birthday while he was in a coma at the hospital, his death, funeral and commemorations have been stress points in which his photographic portrait have been modified and redesigned according to the occasion and circulated widely. The image of the youth symbol of the struggle and the different kinds of cultural work his photograph have performed is the main focus of this research. The digital social afterlives of Elvan＇s iconized imagery as illustrations and drawings; as stencils and graffiti at streets; as posters and framed photographs in political performances carried around in public spaces and commemorative acts; and as digital data circulated in social media both consisting of indexical and iconic dements regarding their photographic features. This transformation of the single analog vernacular photograph of Elvan to various digital versions and continuous re-interpretation and re-materialization is discussed depending on the local history of the occasion and the critical literature on photographic history and theories of photographic vernacularity. This research makes use of data collecting methods that netnographic research methodology uses. The paper focuses on the ways local vernacularity is historically produced and evolved in this particular time of Gezi Park Resistance.展开更多
The first demonstration of laser action in ruby was made in 1960 by T.H.Maiman of Hughes Research Laboratories,USA.Many laboratories worldwide began the search for lasers using different materials,operating at differe...The first demonstration of laser action in ruby was made in 1960 by T.H.Maiman of Hughes Research Laboratories,USA.Many laboratories worldwide began the search for lasers using different materials,operating at different wavelengths.In the UK,academia,industry and the central laboratories took up the challenge from the earliest days to develop these systems for a broad range of applications.This historical review looks at the contribution the UK has made to the advancement of the technology,the development of systems and components and their exploitation over the last 60 years.展开更多
Africa： The Land of Opportunity in TelecommunicationsDoing business in Africa is typically perceived to be associated with various barriers and risks which result in particularly high transaction costs.
Background Chinese medicine was brought to the UK more than three hundred years ago,but it has only gained acceptance and recognition among the British public in the last several decades.
中国学者关于门多萨及其《中华大帝国史》的研究所参阅的都是辗转翻译的汉译本,即:重译本。1998年出版的汉译版《中华大帝国史》是从1940年在北京刊印的英文影印本The History of the Kingdom of China辗转重译而来的。这部英文版读本是...中国学者关于门多萨及其《中华大帝国史》的研究所参阅的都是辗转翻译的汉译本,即:重译本。1998年出版的汉译版《中华大帝国史》是从1940年在北京刊印的英文影印本The History of the Kingdom of China辗转重译而来的。这部英文版读本是1588年由罗伯特·帕克从门多萨的1586年西班牙文修订本转码而来的。把门多萨及其《中华大帝国史》还原于西班牙源语语境给予研究,这无疑是一个在长期的积累中可以逐渐见出厚重学问的研究方向。《门多萨与〈中华大帝国史〉研究》这部专著,在跨国文献整理与形象学、翻译学理论的带入中创制了“神圣东方主义”这一术语。在学理上,其不仅是对门多萨及《中华大帝国史》给予了重新的解读,也是对萨义德关于东方学和东方主义的论述进行了反拨。展开更多
文摘During spring 2013, an important uprising had broken out and marked a historic period for political activism in Turkish memory. Focusing on the afterlives of photographic portraits produced during this “Occupy Gezi Movement”, the paper considers iconized digital portraitures as a peculiar genre of vernacular photography and focuses on its visual language, and cultural codes as a part of the underground resisting culture in daily life. It explores different contexts in which photographic portraits have been used as a tool of protest and their various kinds of remediation from the Gezi Park Protest onwards. Private portraits as an agent of resistance have been creatively modified, recreated, rematerialized and circulated in distinct ways during and after the protest： from city walls as stencils, stickers, and graffiti （in actual public spaces） to Facebook profile walls as online digital re-mastering （virtual spheres）. This article concentrates on aesthetics of such iconized digital photographic portraitures in contemporary Turkey. It particularly focuses on one of the instances that have labeled the Occupy Gezi Movement： the death of Berkin Elvan, who turned 15 while in a coma who has been struck in the head by a tear gas canister, fired by police, while on his way to buy bread. This case has been a catalyst for further demonstrations against Turkey＇s ruling party and turned Elvan＇s high-spirited face and dark eyebrows, to one of the strong symbols of the resistance. The teenage boy＇s injury during the protests, his birthday while he was in a coma at the hospital, his death, funeral and commemorations have been stress points in which his photographic portrait have been modified and redesigned according to the occasion and circulated widely. The image of the youth symbol of the struggle and the different kinds of cultural work his photograph have performed is the main focus of this research. The digital social afterlives of Elvan＇s iconized imagery as illustrations and drawings; as stencils and graffiti at streets; as posters and framed photographs in political performances carried around in public spaces and commemorative acts; and as digital data circulated in social media both consisting of indexical and iconic dements regarding their photographic features. This transformation of the single analog vernacular photograph of Elvan to various digital versions and continuous re-interpretation and re-materialization is discussed depending on the local history of the occasion and the critical literature on photographic history and theories of photographic vernacularity. This research makes use of data collecting methods that netnographic research methodology uses. The paper focuses on the ways local vernacularity is historically produced and evolved in this particular time of Gezi Park Resistance.
文摘The first demonstration of laser action in ruby was made in 1960 by T.H.Maiman of Hughes Research Laboratories,USA.Many laboratories worldwide began the search for lasers using different materials,operating at different wavelengths.In the UK,academia,industry and the central laboratories took up the challenge from the earliest days to develop these systems for a broad range of applications.This historical review looks at the contribution the UK has made to the advancement of the technology,the development of systems and components and their exploitation over the last 60 years.
文摘Africa： The Land of Opportunity in TelecommunicationsDoing business in Africa is typically perceived to be associated with various barriers and risks which result in particularly high transaction costs.
基金supported by a 6-month grant given to the author by the China Scholarship CouncilZhejiang Planning Project of Philosophy and Social Science in year 2015 (Project code: 15NDJC24YB)
文摘Background Chinese medicine was brought to the UK more than three hundred years ago,but it has only gained acceptance and recognition among the British public in the last several decades.
文摘中国学者关于门多萨及其《中华大帝国史》的研究所参阅的都是辗转翻译的汉译本,即:重译本。1998年出版的汉译版《中华大帝国史》是从1940年在北京刊印的英文影印本The History of the Kingdom of China辗转重译而来的。这部英文版读本是1588年由罗伯特·帕克从门多萨的1586年西班牙文修订本转码而来的。把门多萨及其《中华大帝国史》还原于西班牙源语语境给予研究,这无疑是一个在长期的积累中可以逐渐见出厚重学问的研究方向。《门多萨与〈中华大帝国史〉研究》这部专著,在跨国文献整理与形象学、翻译学理论的带入中创制了“神圣东方主义”这一术语。在学理上,其不仅是对门多萨及《中华大帝国史》给予了重新的解读,也是对萨义德关于东方学和东方主义的论述进行了反拨。
