Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a leading cause of death worldwide.Current therapies are effective for HCC patients with early disease,but many patients suffer recurrence after surgery and have a poor response to chem...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a leading cause of death worldwide.Current therapies are effective for HCC patients with early disease,but many patients suffer recurrence after surgery and have a poor response to chemotherapy.Therefore,new therapeutic targets are needed.We analyzed gene expression profiles between HCC tissues and normal adjacent tissues from public databases and found that the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism was significantly different.The analysis showed that AKR1C3 was upregulated in tumors,and high AKR1C3 expression was associated with a poorer prognosis in HCC patients.In vitro,assays demonstrated that the knockdown of AKR1C3 or the addition of the AKR1C3 inhibitor indomethacin suppressed the growth and colony formation of HCC cell lines.Knockdown of AKR1C3 in Huh7 cells reduced tumor growth in vivo.To explore the mechanism,we performed pathway enrichment analysis,and the results linked the expression of AKR1C3 with prostaglandin F2 alpha(PGF2a)downstream target genes.Suppression of AKR1C3 activity reduced the production of PGF2a,and supplementation with PGF2a restored the growth of indomethacin-treated Huh7 cells.Knockdown of the PGF receptor(PTGFR)and treatment with a PTGFR inhibitor significantly reduced HCC growth.We showed that indomethacin potentiated the sensitivity of Huh7 cells to sorafenib.In summary,our results indicate that AKR1C3 upregulation may promote HCC growth by promoting the production of PGF2α,and suppression of PTGFR limited HCC growth.Therefore,targeting the AKR1C3-PGF2a-PTGFR axis may be a new strategy for the treatment of HCC.展开更多
Axonal growth inhibitors are released during traumatic injuries to the adult mammalian central nervous system, including after spinal cord injury. These molecules accumulate at the injury site and form a highly inhibi...Axonal growth inhibitors are released during traumatic injuries to the adult mammalian central nervous system, including after spinal cord injury. These molecules accumulate at the injury site and form a highly inhibitory environment for axonal regeneration. Among these inhibitory molecules, myelinassociated inhibitors, including neurite outgrowth inhibitor A, oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein, myelin-associated glycoprotein, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and repulsive guidance molecule A are of particular importance. Due to their inhibitory nature, they represent exciting molecular targets to study axonal inhibition and regeneration after central injuries. These molecules are mainly produced by neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes within the scar and in its immediate vicinity. They exert their effects by binding to specific receptors, localized in the membranes of neurons. Receptors for these inhibitory cues include Nogo receptor 1, leucine-rich repeat, and Ig domain containing 1 and p75 neurotrophin receptor/tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 19(that form a receptor complex that binds all myelin-associated inhibitors), and also paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and repulsive guidance molecule A bind to Nogo receptor 1, Nogo receptor 3, receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase σ and leucocyte common antigen related phosphatase, and neogenin, respectively. Once activated, these receptors initiate downstream signaling pathways, the most common amongst them being the Rho A/ROCK signaling pathway. These signaling cascades result in actin depolymerization, neurite outgrowth inhibition, and failure to regenerate after spinal cord injury. Currently, there are no approved pharmacological treatments to overcome spinal cord injuries other than physical rehabilitation and management of the array of symptoms brought on by spinal cord injuries. However, several novel therapies aiming to modulate these inhibitory proteins and/or their receptors are under investigation in ongoing clinical trials. Investigation has also been demonstrating that combinatorial therapies of growth inhibitors with other therapies, such as growth factors or stem-cell therapies, produce stronger results and their potential application in the clinics opens new venues in spinal cord injury treatment.展开更多
Hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection is an excellent immunological model for understanding the mechanisms developed by non-cytopathic viruses and tumors to evade the adaptative immune response.The antigen-specific cytotoxi...Hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection is an excellent immunological model for understanding the mechanisms developed by non-cytopathic viruses and tumors to evade the adaptative immune response.The antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell response is essential for keeping HCV under control,but during persistent infection,these cells become exhausted or even deleted.The exhaustion process is progressive and depends on the infection duration and level of antigenemia.During high antigenic load and long duration of infection,T cells become extremely exhausted and ultimately disappear due to apoptosis.The development of exhaustion involves the impairment of positive co-stimulation induced by regulatory cytokines,such as transforming growth factor beta 1.This cytokine downregulates tumor necrosis factor receptor(TNFR)-associated factor 1(TRAF1),the signal transducer of the T cell co-stimulatory molecule TNFR superfamily member 9(known as 4-1BB).This impairment correlates with the low reactivity of T cells and an exhaustion phenotype.Treatment with interleukin-7 in vitro restores TRAF1 expression and rescues T cell effector function.The process of TRAF1 loss and its in vitro recovery is hierarchical,and more affected by severe disease progression.In conclusion,TRAF1 dynamics on T cells define a new pathogenic model that describes some aspects of the natural history of HCV,and sheds light on novel immunotherapy strategies for chronic viral infections and cancer.展开更多
DL-3-n-butylphthalide(NBP)-a compound isolated from Apium graveolens seeds-is protective against brain ischemia via various mechanisms in humans and has been approved for treatment of acute ischemic stroke.NBP has sho...DL-3-n-butylphthalide(NBP)-a compound isolated from Apium graveolens seeds-is protective against brain ischemia via various mechanisms in humans and has been approved for treatment of acute ischemic stroke.NBP has shown recent potential as a treatment for Parkinson’s disease.However,the underlying mechanism of action of NBP remains poorly understood.In this study,we established a rat model of Parkinson’s disease by intraperitoneal injection of rotenone for 28 successive days,followed by intragastric injection of NBP for 14-28 days.We found that NBP greatly alleviated rotenone-induced motor disturbance in the rat model of Parkinson’s disease,inhibited loss of dopaminergic neurons and aggregation ofα-synuclein,and reduced iron deposition in the substantia nigra and iron content in serum.These changes were achieved by alterations in the expression of the iron metabolism-related proteins transferrin receptor,ferritin light chain,and transferrin 1.NBP also inhibited oxidative stress in the substantia nigra and protected mitochondria in the rat model of Parkinson’s disease.Our findings suggest that NBP alleviates motor disturbance by inhibition of iron deposition,oxidative stress,and ferroptosis in the substantia nigra.展开更多
BACKGROUND Genomic profiling of tumors has contributed to the understanding of colorectal cancer(CRC), facilitating diagnosis, prognosis and selection of treatments,including targeted regimens. A report suggested that...BACKGROUND Genomic profiling of tumors has contributed to the understanding of colorectal cancer(CRC), facilitating diagnosis, prognosis and selection of treatments,including targeted regimens. A report suggested that a 19-gene-based risk classifier(TCA19) was a prognostic tool for patients with stage III CRC. The survival outcomes in patients with stage IV CRC are still poor and appropriate selection of targeted therapies and immunotherapies is challenging.AIM To assess clinical implication of TCA19 in patients with stage IV CRC, and to identify TCA19 with involvement in immune-oncology.METHODS A retrospective review of the medical records of 60 patients with stage IV CRC was conducted, assessing clinicopathological variables and progression-free survival(PFS). TCA19 gene expression was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR) in matched normal and tumor tissues taken from the study cohort. Expression of potential immune-oncology regulatory proteins and targets was examined by immunohistochemistry(IHC), western blot, immunofluorescence staining in tissues from a validation cohort of 10 patients, and in CRC cell lines co-cultured with monocyte in vitro.RESULTS In the patients with TCA19 score higher than the median, the PFS rates of eight patients who received the targeted regimens were significantly higher than the PFS rates of four patients who received 5-fluorouracil-based regimen(P = 0.041).In multivariate analysis, expression of signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family, member 7(SLAMF7) and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1(TREM1) was associated with PFS in the 60-patient cohort. After checking another 10 validate set, the expression of the IHC, the level of real-time qPCR,and the level of western blot were lower for SLAMF7 and higher for TREM7 in primary and metastatic tumors than in normal tissues. In CRC cells expressing SLAMF7 that were co-cultured with a monocytic cell line, levels of CD 68 and CD73 were significantly lower at day 5 of co-culture than at day 0.CONCLUSION The TCA19 score might be prognostic for target-regimen-specific PFS in stage IV CRC. Down-regulation of SLAMF7 and up-regulation of TREM1 occur in primary and metastatic tumor tissues.展开更多
Objective Pseudogenes are initially regarded as nonfunctional genomic sequences,but some pseudogenes regulate tumor initiation and progression by interacting with other genes to modulate their transcriptional activiti...Objective Pseudogenes are initially regarded as nonfunctional genomic sequences,but some pseudogenes regulate tumor initiation and progression by interacting with other genes to modulate their transcriptional activities.Olfactory receptor family 7 subfamily E member 47 pseudogene(OR7E47P)is expressed broadly in lung tissues and has been identified as a positive regulator in the tumor microenvironment(TME)of lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD).This study aimed to elucidate the correlation between OR7E47P and tumor immunity in lung squamous cell carcinoma(LUSC).Methods Clinical and molecular information from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)LUSC cohort was used to identify OR7E47P-related immune genes(ORIGs)by weighted gene correlation network analysis(WGCNA).Based on the ORIGs,2 OR7E47P clusters were identified using non-negative matrix factorization(NMF)clustering,and the stability of the clustering was tested by an extreme gradient boosting classifier(XGBoost).LASSO-Cox and stepwise regressions were applied to further select prognostic ORIGs and to construct a predictive model(ORPScore)for immunotherapy.The Botling cohorts and 8 immunotherapy cohorts(the Samstein,Braun,Jung,Gide,IMvigor210,Lauss,Van Allen,and Cho cohorts)were included as independent validation cohorts.Results OR7E47P expression was positively correlated with immune cell infiltration and enrichment of immune-related pathways in LUSC.A total of 57 ORIGs were identified to classify the patients into 2 OR7E47P clusters(Cluster 1 and Cluster 2)with distinct immune,mutation,and stromal programs.Compared to Cluster 1,Cluster 2 had more infiltration by immune and stromal cells,lower mutation rates of driver genes,and higher expression of immune-related proteins.The clustering performed well in the internal and 5 external validation cohorts.Based on the 7 ORIGs(HOPX,STX2,WFS,DUSP22,SLFN13,GGCT,and CCSER2),the ORPScore was constructed to predict the prognosis and the treatment response.In addition,the ORPScore was a better prognostic factor and correlated positively with the immunotherapeutic response in cancer patients.The area under the curve values ranged from 0.584 to 0.805 in the 6 independent immunotherapy cohorts.Conclusion Our study suggests a significant correlation between OR7E47P and TME modulation in LUSC.ORIGs can be applied to molecularly stratify patients,and the ORPScore may serve as a biomarker for clinical decision-making regarding individualized prognostication and immunotherapy.展开更多
目的ATP结合盒B亚家族成员1(ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1,ABCB1)的异常表达在多种癌症的发生发展中发挥关键作用。然而,G蛋白偶联受体C家族5组A型(G protein coupled receptor family C group5 type A,GPRC5A)调控的ABCB...目的ATP结合盒B亚家族成员1(ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1,ABCB1)的异常表达在多种癌症的发生发展中发挥关键作用。然而,G蛋白偶联受体C家族5组A型(G protein coupled receptor family C group5 type A,GPRC5A)调控的ABCB1表达对肺腺癌增殖的影响仍不清楚。本研究探讨了GPRC5A调控的ABCB1表达对肺腺癌增殖的影响。方法我们采用RT-PCR、Western-blot或免疫组化实验,分析ABCB1在肺腺癌细胞系、人肺腺癌组织以及GPRC5A基因敲除小鼠和野生型小鼠的气管上皮细胞和肺组织中的表达。采用细胞计数试剂盒-8(CCK-8)分析GPRC5A基因敲除小鼠气管上皮细胞对化疗药物的敏感性。采用皮下肿瘤形成实验探讨下调ABCB1表达是否可抑制体内肺腺癌增殖。采用免疫荧光和免疫沉淀实验研究GPRC5A和ABCB1之间潜在的调控关系。结果ABCB1在肺腺癌细胞系和人类肺腺癌组织中表达上调。GPRC5A基因敲除小鼠的气管上皮细胞及肺组织的ABCB1表达高于野生型小鼠。与GPRC5A野生型小鼠的气管上皮细胞相比,GPRC5A基因敲除小鼠的气管上皮细胞对塔立奇达和多柔比星更敏感。注射移植细胞28天后,接受ABCB1基因敲除细胞移植的GPRC5A-/-C57BL/6小鼠的肺肿瘤的体积和重量均明显低于野生型细胞移植小鼠(P=0.0043,P=0.0060)。此外,免疫荧光和免疫沉淀实验表明,GPRC5A通过直接结合方式调控ABCB1的表达。结论GPRC5A通过抑制ABCB1表达降低肺腺癌增殖。GPRC5A调节ABCB1表达的途径有待研究。展开更多
目的:检测先天性双侧输精管缺如(congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens,CBAVD)患者中囊性纤维化跨膜转导调节因子(cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator,CFTR)基因和CBAVD易感基因的突变情况,探讨它们与CB...目的:检测先天性双侧输精管缺如(congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens,CBAVD)患者中囊性纤维化跨膜转导调节因子(cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator,CFTR)基因和CBAVD易感基因的突变情况,探讨它们与CBAVD发病风险的相关性。方法:对13例诊断为孤立发生的CBAVD患者的致病基因CFTR及易感基因黏附型G蛋白偶联受体G2(adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G2,ADGRG2)、上皮细胞钠离子通道β亚单位(sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit beta,SCNN1B)和碳酸酐酶12(carbonic anhydrase,CA12)和溶质载体家族9成员3(solute carrier family 9 member A3,SLC9A3)行全外显子测序及Sanger测序验证,针对CFTR基因多态性位点、内含子及侧翼序列行聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)扩增后用Sanger测序,并运用生物信息学方法对CBAVD易感基因新发突变进行保守性分析和有害性预测。对13例CBAVD患者中1例患者的家系进行遗传学分析,评估子代遗传风险。结果:外显子测序发现13例CBAVD患者中,只有6例患者检测到CFTR基因外显子突变,有6种错义突变:c.2684G>A(p.Ser895Asn)、c.4056G>C(p.Gln1352His)、c.2812G>T(p.Val938Leu)、c.3068T>G(p.Ile1023Arg)、c.374T>C(p.Ile125Thr)、c.1666A>G(p.Ile556Val),1种无义突变:c.1657C>T(p.Arg553Ter),这6例患者中有2例患者同时还存在CFTR的纯合p.V470位点,另外7例患者未检测出CFTR基因外显子区域的突变。13例CBAVD患者中,3例患者携带纯合p.V470的多态性位点,4例患者携带5T等位基因,2例患者携带TG13等位基因,10例患者携带c.-966T>G位点。4例CBAVD患者同时携带以上CFTR基因突变位点中的2~3个位点。13例患者中CBAVD易感基因突变情况:1种ADGRG2错义突变c.2312A>G(p.Asn771Ser),2种SLC9A3错义突变c.2395T>C(p.Cys799Arg)、c.493G>A(p.Val165Ile),1种SCNN1B错义突变c.1514G>A(p.Arg505His)和1种CA12错义突变c.1061C>T(p.Ala354Val),其中,SLC9A3基因的c.493G>A(p.Val165Ile)突变位点是首次在CBAVD患者中被发现,以上5种突变位点在gnomAD数据库中的人群变异频率极低,属于罕见突变,用Mutation Taster和Polyphen-2软件预测显示SLC9A3基因的c.493G>A(p.Val165Ile)位点和SCNN1B基因的c.1514G>A(p.Arg505His)位点的有害性等级为致病突变。1例家系遗传分析发现,先证者的c.1657C>T(p.Arg553Ter)突变为新生突变,先证者父亲、母亲均未携带该突变,先证者及其配偶通过辅助生殖技术孕育1女婴,该女婴遗传了先证者的致病性突变c.1657C>T(p.Arg553Ter)。结论:CFTR基因突变仍然是中国CBAVD患者的主要致病原因,但突变的分布与频率与国内外其他研究的数据存在一定差异,需要进一步扩充中国CBAVD患者的CFTR突变谱;ADGRG2、SLC9A3、SCNN1B和CA12易感基因可能解释部分无CFTR突变的CBAVD病例;CBAVD患者多无特殊临床表现,建议临床医生确诊前对患者行进一步的体格检查,并结合其阴囊超声或经直肠超声检查;建议将CFTR基因突变检测应用于辅助生殖前的遗传学筛查,降低子代罹患CBAVD及囊性纤维化的风险。展开更多
目的探讨程序性死亡蛋白受体-1配体(programmed death ligand-1, PD-L1)和TNF家族的B细胞活化因子(B cell-activating factor belonging to the TNF family, BAFF-R)在胃弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, GD...目的探讨程序性死亡蛋白受体-1配体(programmed death ligand-1, PD-L1)和TNF家族的B细胞活化因子(B cell-activating factor belonging to the TNF family, BAFF-R)在胃弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, GDLBCL)的瘤组织和瘤旁组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法采用免疫组织化学法和定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应法(quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction, qRT-PCR)检测26例GDLBCL瘤组织和瘤旁组织中的PD-L1和BAFF-R的表达,分析PD-L1和BAFF-R的表达与GDLBCL临床分期和病理分型之间的关系和PD-L1与BAFF-R表达的相关性。结果 PD-L1和BAFF-R在GDLBCL中的表达显著高于瘤旁组织(P<0.01)。PD-L1和BAFF-R表达与GDLBCL分期及病理分型均有明显相关性(P<0.01),PD-L1与BAFF-R有相关性(P<0.01)。结论 PDL-1和BAFF-R表达上调与GDLBCL分期及病理分型密切相关,联合检测PD-L1和BAFF-R可能成为GDLBCL有价值的预后指标。以PD-L1和BAFF-R信号通路为靶点的治疗有望成为GDLBLC免疫治疗的潜在方案。展开更多
基金National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Far Eastern Memorial Hospital Joint Research Programs(NYCU-FEMH 109DN03,110DN06,111DN04,112DN05).
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a leading cause of death worldwide.Current therapies are effective for HCC patients with early disease,but many patients suffer recurrence after surgery and have a poor response to chemotherapy.Therefore,new therapeutic targets are needed.We analyzed gene expression profiles between HCC tissues and normal adjacent tissues from public databases and found that the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism was significantly different.The analysis showed that AKR1C3 was upregulated in tumors,and high AKR1C3 expression was associated with a poorer prognosis in HCC patients.In vitro,assays demonstrated that the knockdown of AKR1C3 or the addition of the AKR1C3 inhibitor indomethacin suppressed the growth and colony formation of HCC cell lines.Knockdown of AKR1C3 in Huh7 cells reduced tumor growth in vivo.To explore the mechanism,we performed pathway enrichment analysis,and the results linked the expression of AKR1C3 with prostaglandin F2 alpha(PGF2a)downstream target genes.Suppression of AKR1C3 activity reduced the production of PGF2a,and supplementation with PGF2a restored the growth of indomethacin-treated Huh7 cells.Knockdown of the PGF receptor(PTGFR)and treatment with a PTGFR inhibitor significantly reduced HCC growth.We showed that indomethacin potentiated the sensitivity of Huh7 cells to sorafenib.In summary,our results indicate that AKR1C3 upregulation may promote HCC growth by promoting the production of PGF2α,and suppression of PTGFR limited HCC growth.Therefore,targeting the AKR1C3-PGF2a-PTGFR axis may be a new strategy for the treatment of HCC.
基金a Ph D fellowship by FCT-Fundacao para a Ciência Tecnologia (SFRH/BD/135868/2018)(to SSC)。
文摘Axonal growth inhibitors are released during traumatic injuries to the adult mammalian central nervous system, including after spinal cord injury. These molecules accumulate at the injury site and form a highly inhibitory environment for axonal regeneration. Among these inhibitory molecules, myelinassociated inhibitors, including neurite outgrowth inhibitor A, oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein, myelin-associated glycoprotein, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and repulsive guidance molecule A are of particular importance. Due to their inhibitory nature, they represent exciting molecular targets to study axonal inhibition and regeneration after central injuries. These molecules are mainly produced by neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes within the scar and in its immediate vicinity. They exert their effects by binding to specific receptors, localized in the membranes of neurons. Receptors for these inhibitory cues include Nogo receptor 1, leucine-rich repeat, and Ig domain containing 1 and p75 neurotrophin receptor/tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 19(that form a receptor complex that binds all myelin-associated inhibitors), and also paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and repulsive guidance molecule A bind to Nogo receptor 1, Nogo receptor 3, receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase σ and leucocyte common antigen related phosphatase, and neogenin, respectively. Once activated, these receptors initiate downstream signaling pathways, the most common amongst them being the Rho A/ROCK signaling pathway. These signaling cascades result in actin depolymerization, neurite outgrowth inhibition, and failure to regenerate after spinal cord injury. Currently, there are no approved pharmacological treatments to overcome spinal cord injuries other than physical rehabilitation and management of the array of symptoms brought on by spinal cord injuries. However, several novel therapies aiming to modulate these inhibitory proteins and/or their receptors are under investigation in ongoing clinical trials. Investigation has also been demonstrating that combinatorial therapies of growth inhibitors with other therapies, such as growth factors or stem-cell therapies, produce stronger results and their potential application in the clinics opens new venues in spinal cord injury treatment.
基金Supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III and European Structural Funds in SpainEuropean Regional Development Fund,No.PI19/00206.
文摘Hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection is an excellent immunological model for understanding the mechanisms developed by non-cytopathic viruses and tumors to evade the adaptative immune response.The antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell response is essential for keeping HCV under control,but during persistent infection,these cells become exhausted or even deleted.The exhaustion process is progressive and depends on the infection duration and level of antigenemia.During high antigenic load and long duration of infection,T cells become extremely exhausted and ultimately disappear due to apoptosis.The development of exhaustion involves the impairment of positive co-stimulation induced by regulatory cytokines,such as transforming growth factor beta 1.This cytokine downregulates tumor necrosis factor receptor(TNFR)-associated factor 1(TRAF1),the signal transducer of the T cell co-stimulatory molecule TNFR superfamily member 9(known as 4-1BB).This impairment correlates with the low reactivity of T cells and an exhaustion phenotype.Treatment with interleukin-7 in vitro restores TRAF1 expression and rescues T cell effector function.The process of TRAF1 loss and its in vitro recovery is hierarchical,and more affected by severe disease progression.In conclusion,TRAF1 dynamics on T cells define a new pathogenic model that describes some aspects of the natural history of HCV,and sheds light on novel immunotherapy strategies for chronic viral infections and cancer.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81873924 (to QQL), No. 82171190 (to GHW)Nantong Science and Technology Project of China, No. MS22021010 (to LHS)High-level Innovation and Entrepreneurship Talents Introduction Program of Jiangsu Province of China (to QQL)
文摘DL-3-n-butylphthalide(NBP)-a compound isolated from Apium graveolens seeds-is protective against brain ischemia via various mechanisms in humans and has been approved for treatment of acute ischemic stroke.NBP has shown recent potential as a treatment for Parkinson’s disease.However,the underlying mechanism of action of NBP remains poorly understood.In this study,we established a rat model of Parkinson’s disease by intraperitoneal injection of rotenone for 28 successive days,followed by intragastric injection of NBP for 14-28 days.We found that NBP greatly alleviated rotenone-induced motor disturbance in the rat model of Parkinson’s disease,inhibited loss of dopaminergic neurons and aggregation ofα-synuclein,and reduced iron deposition in the substantia nigra and iron content in serum.These changes were achieved by alterations in the expression of the iron metabolism-related proteins transferrin receptor,ferritin light chain,and transferrin 1.NBP also inhibited oxidative stress in the substantia nigra and protected mitochondria in the rat model of Parkinson’s disease.Our findings suggest that NBP alleviates motor disturbance by inhibition of iron deposition,oxidative stress,and ferroptosis in the substantia nigra.
基金Korea Research Foundation,No.2016R1E1A1A02919844 to Kim JC and No.2017R1A2B1009062 to Roh SAMinistry of Science,ICT,and Future Planning,Republic of Koreathe Asan Institute for Life Sciences,No.2016-710 to Lee JL
文摘BACKGROUND Genomic profiling of tumors has contributed to the understanding of colorectal cancer(CRC), facilitating diagnosis, prognosis and selection of treatments,including targeted regimens. A report suggested that a 19-gene-based risk classifier(TCA19) was a prognostic tool for patients with stage III CRC. The survival outcomes in patients with stage IV CRC are still poor and appropriate selection of targeted therapies and immunotherapies is challenging.AIM To assess clinical implication of TCA19 in patients with stage IV CRC, and to identify TCA19 with involvement in immune-oncology.METHODS A retrospective review of the medical records of 60 patients with stage IV CRC was conducted, assessing clinicopathological variables and progression-free survival(PFS). TCA19 gene expression was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR) in matched normal and tumor tissues taken from the study cohort. Expression of potential immune-oncology regulatory proteins and targets was examined by immunohistochemistry(IHC), western blot, immunofluorescence staining in tissues from a validation cohort of 10 patients, and in CRC cell lines co-cultured with monocyte in vitro.RESULTS In the patients with TCA19 score higher than the median, the PFS rates of eight patients who received the targeted regimens were significantly higher than the PFS rates of four patients who received 5-fluorouracil-based regimen(P = 0.041).In multivariate analysis, expression of signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family, member 7(SLAMF7) and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1(TREM1) was associated with PFS in the 60-patient cohort. After checking another 10 validate set, the expression of the IHC, the level of real-time qPCR,and the level of western blot were lower for SLAMF7 and higher for TREM7 in primary and metastatic tumors than in normal tissues. In CRC cells expressing SLAMF7 that were co-cultured with a monocytic cell line, levels of CD 68 and CD73 were significantly lower at day 5 of co-culture than at day 0.CONCLUSION The TCA19 score might be prognostic for target-regimen-specific PFS in stage IV CRC. Down-regulation of SLAMF7 and up-regulation of TREM1 occur in primary and metastatic tumor tissues.
基金the Wuhan University Medical Faculty Innovation Seed Fund Cultivation Project(No.TFZZ2018025)the Chen Xiao-ping Foundation for the Development of Science and Technology of Hubei Province(No.CXPJJH12000001-2020313)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81670123 and No.81670144).
文摘Objective Pseudogenes are initially regarded as nonfunctional genomic sequences,but some pseudogenes regulate tumor initiation and progression by interacting with other genes to modulate their transcriptional activities.Olfactory receptor family 7 subfamily E member 47 pseudogene(OR7E47P)is expressed broadly in lung tissues and has been identified as a positive regulator in the tumor microenvironment(TME)of lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD).This study aimed to elucidate the correlation between OR7E47P and tumor immunity in lung squamous cell carcinoma(LUSC).Methods Clinical and molecular information from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)LUSC cohort was used to identify OR7E47P-related immune genes(ORIGs)by weighted gene correlation network analysis(WGCNA).Based on the ORIGs,2 OR7E47P clusters were identified using non-negative matrix factorization(NMF)clustering,and the stability of the clustering was tested by an extreme gradient boosting classifier(XGBoost).LASSO-Cox and stepwise regressions were applied to further select prognostic ORIGs and to construct a predictive model(ORPScore)for immunotherapy.The Botling cohorts and 8 immunotherapy cohorts(the Samstein,Braun,Jung,Gide,IMvigor210,Lauss,Van Allen,and Cho cohorts)were included as independent validation cohorts.Results OR7E47P expression was positively correlated with immune cell infiltration and enrichment of immune-related pathways in LUSC.A total of 57 ORIGs were identified to classify the patients into 2 OR7E47P clusters(Cluster 1 and Cluster 2)with distinct immune,mutation,and stromal programs.Compared to Cluster 1,Cluster 2 had more infiltration by immune and stromal cells,lower mutation rates of driver genes,and higher expression of immune-related proteins.The clustering performed well in the internal and 5 external validation cohorts.Based on the 7 ORIGs(HOPX,STX2,WFS,DUSP22,SLFN13,GGCT,and CCSER2),the ORPScore was constructed to predict the prognosis and the treatment response.In addition,the ORPScore was a better prognostic factor and correlated positively with the immunotherapeutic response in cancer patients.The area under the curve values ranged from 0.584 to 0.805 in the 6 independent immunotherapy cohorts.Conclusion Our study suggests a significant correlation between OR7E47P and TME modulation in LUSC.ORIGs can be applied to molecularly stratify patients,and the ORPScore may serve as a biomarker for clinical decision-making regarding individualized prognostication and immunotherapy.
文摘目的ATP结合盒B亚家族成员1(ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1,ABCB1)的异常表达在多种癌症的发生发展中发挥关键作用。然而,G蛋白偶联受体C家族5组A型(G protein coupled receptor family C group5 type A,GPRC5A)调控的ABCB1表达对肺腺癌增殖的影响仍不清楚。本研究探讨了GPRC5A调控的ABCB1表达对肺腺癌增殖的影响。方法我们采用RT-PCR、Western-blot或免疫组化实验,分析ABCB1在肺腺癌细胞系、人肺腺癌组织以及GPRC5A基因敲除小鼠和野生型小鼠的气管上皮细胞和肺组织中的表达。采用细胞计数试剂盒-8(CCK-8)分析GPRC5A基因敲除小鼠气管上皮细胞对化疗药物的敏感性。采用皮下肿瘤形成实验探讨下调ABCB1表达是否可抑制体内肺腺癌增殖。采用免疫荧光和免疫沉淀实验研究GPRC5A和ABCB1之间潜在的调控关系。结果ABCB1在肺腺癌细胞系和人类肺腺癌组织中表达上调。GPRC5A基因敲除小鼠的气管上皮细胞及肺组织的ABCB1表达高于野生型小鼠。与GPRC5A野生型小鼠的气管上皮细胞相比,GPRC5A基因敲除小鼠的气管上皮细胞对塔立奇达和多柔比星更敏感。注射移植细胞28天后,接受ABCB1基因敲除细胞移植的GPRC5A-/-C57BL/6小鼠的肺肿瘤的体积和重量均明显低于野生型细胞移植小鼠(P=0.0043,P=0.0060)。此外,免疫荧光和免疫沉淀实验表明,GPRC5A通过直接结合方式调控ABCB1的表达。结论GPRC5A通过抑制ABCB1表达降低肺腺癌增殖。GPRC5A调节ABCB1表达的途径有待研究。
文摘目的:检测先天性双侧输精管缺如(congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens,CBAVD)患者中囊性纤维化跨膜转导调节因子(cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator,CFTR)基因和CBAVD易感基因的突变情况,探讨它们与CBAVD发病风险的相关性。方法:对13例诊断为孤立发生的CBAVD患者的致病基因CFTR及易感基因黏附型G蛋白偶联受体G2(adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G2,ADGRG2)、上皮细胞钠离子通道β亚单位(sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit beta,SCNN1B)和碳酸酐酶12(carbonic anhydrase,CA12)和溶质载体家族9成员3(solute carrier family 9 member A3,SLC9A3)行全外显子测序及Sanger测序验证,针对CFTR基因多态性位点、内含子及侧翼序列行聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)扩增后用Sanger测序,并运用生物信息学方法对CBAVD易感基因新发突变进行保守性分析和有害性预测。对13例CBAVD患者中1例患者的家系进行遗传学分析,评估子代遗传风险。结果:外显子测序发现13例CBAVD患者中,只有6例患者检测到CFTR基因外显子突变,有6种错义突变:c.2684G>A(p.Ser895Asn)、c.4056G>C(p.Gln1352His)、c.2812G>T(p.Val938Leu)、c.3068T>G(p.Ile1023Arg)、c.374T>C(p.Ile125Thr)、c.1666A>G(p.Ile556Val),1种无义突变:c.1657C>T(p.Arg553Ter),这6例患者中有2例患者同时还存在CFTR的纯合p.V470位点,另外7例患者未检测出CFTR基因外显子区域的突变。13例CBAVD患者中,3例患者携带纯合p.V470的多态性位点,4例患者携带5T等位基因,2例患者携带TG13等位基因,10例患者携带c.-966T>G位点。4例CBAVD患者同时携带以上CFTR基因突变位点中的2~3个位点。13例患者中CBAVD易感基因突变情况:1种ADGRG2错义突变c.2312A>G(p.Asn771Ser),2种SLC9A3错义突变c.2395T>C(p.Cys799Arg)、c.493G>A(p.Val165Ile),1种SCNN1B错义突变c.1514G>A(p.Arg505His)和1种CA12错义突变c.1061C>T(p.Ala354Val),其中,SLC9A3基因的c.493G>A(p.Val165Ile)突变位点是首次在CBAVD患者中被发现,以上5种突变位点在gnomAD数据库中的人群变异频率极低,属于罕见突变,用Mutation Taster和Polyphen-2软件预测显示SLC9A3基因的c.493G>A(p.Val165Ile)位点和SCNN1B基因的c.1514G>A(p.Arg505His)位点的有害性等级为致病突变。1例家系遗传分析发现,先证者的c.1657C>T(p.Arg553Ter)突变为新生突变,先证者父亲、母亲均未携带该突变,先证者及其配偶通过辅助生殖技术孕育1女婴,该女婴遗传了先证者的致病性突变c.1657C>T(p.Arg553Ter)。结论:CFTR基因突变仍然是中国CBAVD患者的主要致病原因,但突变的分布与频率与国内外其他研究的数据存在一定差异,需要进一步扩充中国CBAVD患者的CFTR突变谱;ADGRG2、SLC9A3、SCNN1B和CA12易感基因可能解释部分无CFTR突变的CBAVD病例;CBAVD患者多无特殊临床表现,建议临床医生确诊前对患者行进一步的体格检查,并结合其阴囊超声或经直肠超声检查;建议将CFTR基因突变检测应用于辅助生殖前的遗传学筛查,降低子代罹患CBAVD及囊性纤维化的风险。
文摘目的探讨程序性死亡蛋白受体-1配体(programmed death ligand-1, PD-L1)和TNF家族的B细胞活化因子(B cell-activating factor belonging to the TNF family, BAFF-R)在胃弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, GDLBCL)的瘤组织和瘤旁组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法采用免疫组织化学法和定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应法(quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction, qRT-PCR)检测26例GDLBCL瘤组织和瘤旁组织中的PD-L1和BAFF-R的表达,分析PD-L1和BAFF-R的表达与GDLBCL临床分期和病理分型之间的关系和PD-L1与BAFF-R表达的相关性。结果 PD-L1和BAFF-R在GDLBCL中的表达显著高于瘤旁组织(P<0.01)。PD-L1和BAFF-R表达与GDLBCL分期及病理分型均有明显相关性(P<0.01),PD-L1与BAFF-R有相关性(P<0.01)。结论 PDL-1和BAFF-R表达上调与GDLBCL分期及病理分型密切相关,联合检测PD-L1和BAFF-R可能成为GDLBCL有价值的预后指标。以PD-L1和BAFF-R信号通路为靶点的治疗有望成为GDLBLC免疫治疗的潜在方案。
