As an important link in the development of modern quality education,art education is one of the methods to guide students to have a diversified vision.Under the background of multiculturalism,we need to explore the co...As an important link in the development of modern quality education,art education is one of the methods to guide students to have a diversified vision.Under the background of multiculturalism,we need to explore the connotation and value of art education with the concept of“three highs and four new,”so that students can realize interdisciplinary and cross-cultural cognition through an immersive experience and practical operation in a wide range of multicultural situations,and to develop the knowledge of art education with the concept of“three highs and four new.”Based on the multicultural background,this paper focuses on the integration of multiculturalism into the reform practice of“student-centered”in colleges and universities,so as to cultivate art talents adapted to the multicultural background,in order to achieve the great mission of“three highs and four new”and better lead the innovative development of art education in colleges and universities.展开更多
Under the background of new liberal arts,the problems existing in the teaching process of Finance were re-examined.For instance,the setting of teaching objectives does not meet the requirements of construction of new ...Under the background of new liberal arts,the problems existing in the teaching process of Finance were re-examined.For instance,the setting of teaching objectives does not meet the requirements of construction of new liberal arts,and teaching content emphasizes theory;teaching method is single,and teaching assessment is not reasonable.It is proposed that the curriculum reform should be carried out from five dimensions:teaching objective,teaching content,teaching method,practice system and teaching evaluation,so as to meet the requirements of construction of new liberal arts.展开更多
China's current tax structure is seriously out of balance.It is dominated by indirect tax primarily paid by firms,and the share of direct tax is limited and the share of direct tax paid by households and individua...China's current tax structure is seriously out of balance.It is dominated by indirect tax primarily paid by firms,and the share of direct tax is limited and the share of direct tax paid by households and individuals is still more limited.In order to achieve a more equitable distribution of the tax burden,the tax reform initiated by the Third Plenum of the 18 th CPC Central Committee mandated increasing the direct tax and reducing the indirect tax as key priorities to improve China's tax structure.展开更多
Based on the Decisions of the CPC Central Committee on Some Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening Reforms and the Overall Plan on Deepening Fiscal and Tax Reforms, this paper presents a systematic assessme...Based on the Decisions of the CPC Central Committee on Some Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening Reforms and the Overall Plan on Deepening Fiscal and Tax Reforms, this paper presents a systematic assessment of the progress of China's new round of fiscal and tax reforms from November 2013 to October 2016 with the following findings. Reform of the budgetary management system has yielded initial results yet remains in the preliminary stage. While progress has been made in reforming indirect taxes, the reform of direct taxes is slow and presents a major obstacle. Despite breakthroughs, the progress of public finance reforms remains slow and impedes reforms on other fronts. Fiscal and tax reforms are uneven and should be implemented in coordination. Fiscal and tax reforms should more vigorously support overall reforms.展开更多
The Fundamentals of Combustion course is an important compulsory course for Energy and Power Engineering Majors under the background of carbon peaking.According to the characteristics of teaching and scientific resear...The Fundamentals of Combustion course is an important compulsory course for Energy and Power Engineering Majors under the background of carbon peaking.According to the characteristics of teaching and scientific research at present,combined with the characteristics of complexity,interdisciplinary and rapid technology update of this course,this paper discusses the teaching content and teaching design of this course to meet the needs of talents of production,teaching and research under the background of new engineering course.It proposes more applicable teaching methods and practical means to broaden students horizons,stimulate students autonomous learning momentum,master the professional knowledge application ability,and cultivate innovative and competitive engineering professionals to adapt to the new energy strategy.展开更多
In the context of rural revitalization,people are re-examining the issue of creating the role of teachers as“new rural sages”.However,most of previous studies ignored the school organizational change in the process ...In the context of rural revitalization,people are re-examining the issue of creating the role of teachers as“new rural sages”.However,most of previous studies ignored the school organizational change in the process of reform.The planned happenstance suggests that teachers should maintain a positive mindset about the eventualities in their careers.Based on the organizational change theory,this paper gave some advice to help teachers in playing a role of new rural sages:①rooting in local culture and enhancing teachers’sense of belonging,②providing compensation for teachers in a targeted way,and③providing a comprehensive and objective evaluation mechanism for ensuring teachers’participation in social governance.展开更多
Presentation of the reports on the reformation of personal income taxation that have been prepared with a development plan for the Greek economy,that discuss the issue of taxation and point out its important features....Presentation of the reports on the reformation of personal income taxation that have been prepared with a development plan for the Greek economy,that discuss the issue of taxation and point out its important features.The goal is the complete modernization of the tax system,so that it responds more fully to the principles of social justice,contributes to the economic development of the country and is governed by simple and modern procedures,which apply to all tax objects.The purpose of the study is to deepen the proposals for tax reform based on the peculiarities of the Greek economy,the international trends in this field and the weaknesses of the tax system.The effects of a tax reformation are analyzed and how it should take the form of the reform,which,however,requires a new legislation,which will bring about radical and deep cuts,which respond to the new conditions and the internationalization of the economy.Proposals for a set of structural measures,which are necessary for the country’s adaptation to the wider European environment and the elimination of the weaknesses that increase its distance from the other member countries.Citation of the common points of the reports on the reformation of personal income taxation and their adoption by the tax leadership.展开更多
This paper reviews the situation,challenge,and consequence of the new college entrance examination(NEMT)reform in the Zhejiang Province of China.By analyzing the issues arising from the new NEMT reform,the researchers...This paper reviews the situation,challenge,and consequence of the new college entrance examination(NEMT)reform in the Zhejiang Province of China.By analyzing the issues arising from the new NEMT reform,the researchers analyze the effectiveness of the new college entrance examination reform in Zhejiang Province.Three main issues could be found in the new college entrance examination reform,which are difficult in class arrangements,increasing costs,and confusion for students in choosing future careers.The researchers compare the influence of these issues from the new college entrance examination reform with that of the labor markets.This review also indicates that the influence of the labor market exceeds that of issues from NEMT reform.Then the way career planning education under the new college entrance reform is discussed.展开更多
With the development of society,the overall development of various industries in our country is unprecedentedly prosperous.However,various damaging industries with the sole goal of profit have emerged,significantly re...With the development of society,the overall development of various industries in our country is unprecedentedly prosperous.However,various damaging industries with the sole goal of profit have emerged,significantly reducing people’s experience in basic needs such as food,clothing,housing,and transportation.Food analysis course is an essential primary subject established by colleges and universities to cultivate food quality and safety talents.In order to further ensure the food safety of society,this article mainly analyzes the teaching reform path of food analysis courses under the new situation.We hope the views in this article can provide guidelines for relevant workers.展开更多
According to the requirement of New Engineering Disciplines initiated by the Ministry of Education of China,the course of Programming Fundamentals has been reformed in ethnic university to satisfy the standard of New ...According to the requirement of New Engineering Disciplines initiated by the Ministry of Education of China,the course of Programming Fundamentals has been reformed in ethnic university to satisfy the standard of New Engineering Certification.The reform is implemented in teaching content,implementation in both theoretical and experimental classes,teaching assessment and teacher training.展开更多
Under the background of new liberal arts,in order to run a major well as well as highlight its characteristics and advantages,private colleges and universities cannot do without the construction of professional teachi...Under the background of new liberal arts,in order to run a major well as well as highlight its characteristics and advantages,private colleges and universities cannot do without the construction of professional teaching teams and teaching reforms.Taking Sichuan University of Media and Communication as an example,a series of explorations and practices has been carried out from the aspects of professional team construction,personnel training objectives,professional curriculum system,professional teaching mode,and professional teaching quality,in which good results have been achieved.On this basis,a training base for journalism and communication talents serving the whole Sichuan Province and even the western region is constructed,so that the results of the project have a certain demonstration and promotion value for the construction and development of similar majors in new institutions of higher learning in Sichuan Province.展开更多
Since the promulgation of the new plan for the national college entrance examination reform in 2014,all provinces have been gradually promoting the new college entrance examination reform.In this context,schools are a...Since the promulgation of the new plan for the national college entrance examination reform in 2014,all provinces have been gradually promoting the new college entrance examination reform.In this context,schools are actively carrying out various reforms to improve the quality of education and teaching.However,can school reform only aim at the national college entrance examination?Facing the new national college entrance examination reform,what can schools do?展开更多
By the end of the century, the reform and development of China’s state-owned enterprises will create new prospects. The reform of state-owned foreign economic and trade enterprises should also see further breakthroug...By the end of the century, the reform and development of China’s state-owned enterprises will create new prospects. The reform of state-owned foreign economic and trade enterprises should also see further breakthroughs. At present, the following aspects are important: 1. Implement a Holdings System in the Reform of State-owned Foreign Economic and Trade Enterprises. The holdings system plays a major role in transferring the management mechanism of state-owned foreign economic and展开更多
With China's rapid economic development,it is important to formulate reasonable and feasible tax and fee policies to promote the development and utilization of low-grade oil and gas resources to guarantee China's en...With China's rapid economic development,it is important to formulate reasonable and feasible tax and fee policies to promote the development and utilization of low-grade oil and gas resources to guarantee China's energy supply security.In this paper,by analyzing major problems of China's current tax and fee policies for oil and gas resources,a reform program for low-grade oil and gas resources is designed from the aspects of tax/fee items and tax/fee rates.The impacts of this reform program on China and China's oil companies during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" are investigated according to the related data in 2008.The results show that the proposed tax and fee reform program will lower the tax burden of oil companies,promote the development of low-grade oil and gas resources,and increase China's GDP and national fiscal revenue.Besides that,it will bring positive social effects by increasing employment opportunities.展开更多
After taking stock of China's four-decade reforms, this paper identifies the cyclical patterns of China's reforms, which consist of an intermediate cycle and three short cycles. The purpose of reform is to adj...After taking stock of China's four-decade reforms, this paper identifies the cyclical patterns of China's reforms, which consist of an intermediate cycle and three short cycles. The purpose of reform is to adjust the changing relations of production to changing productivity. China has adopted a gradualist approach of reform, and reform cycles have coincided with economic cycles. The cyclical changes of reform are of great significance to comprehensively deepening reforms in the new era: Downward pressures of the economy present the best window period for reform;a new cycle of reform will unveil a new economic cycle as well;the people's support is essential to pushing forward the cyclical movements of reform;and top-down design is essential to deepen reforms on all fronts.展开更多
In view of artificially high urbanization rate of China and possible causes,survey and data analysis methods were used to discuss reform of household registration system,and path for promoting rural land system reform...In view of artificially high urbanization rate of China and possible causes,survey and data analysis methods were used to discuss reform of household registration system,and path for promoting rural land system reform. Results show that it is required to eliminate bottlenecks of land system in the advance of new urbanization process. In line with land system bottlenecks of new urbanization,it is recommended to take following measures.( i) Promoting land right confirmation centered land system reform.( ii) Weakening rural land ownership and stressing land use right.( iii) Establishing urban and rural integrated land market and putting an end to low cost urbanization road.( iv) Realizing asset value of rural construction land and tackling the problem of insufficient construction land.( v) Reforming the land expropriation system and increasing the share of gain in land value to farmers.( vi) Implementing different land policies to promote coordinated development of regional social economy.( vii) Establishing land circulation access system to ensure unchanged land use purpose and high efficient use.展开更多
The Agriculture and Forestry discipline in local normal colleges and universities plays an important role in cultivating talents and higher education to serve the local"agriculture,rural areas and farmers".T...The Agriculture and Forestry discipline in local normal colleges and universities plays an important role in cultivating talents and higher education to serve the local"agriculture,rural areas and farmers".The Land Resource Management discipline is a science that studies the use,allocation,and management of land resources and assets,and has comprehensive and practical features.In the context of the proposal of the rural revitalization strategy and the establishment of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the State Council,the importance of cultivating land resource management talents who understands both land planning and urban planning is self-evident,and the teaching reform of Land Resource Management discipline is receiving much attention.Taking the Land Resource Management discipline of Jiangxi Normal University,a key normal university in Jiangxi Province as an example,combining the characteristics of the discipline setting and the development process,we analyzed the existing problems in its development,so as to provide recommendations for the teaching reform of Land Resource Management discipline in local normal colleges and universities.展开更多
Objective In 2017,China launched a new round of medical reform(NMR)to address the inaccessibility of high-priced drugs for patients with serious diseases.This study explored the impact of the NMR on the accessibility ...Objective In 2017,China launched a new round of medical reform(NMR)to address the inaccessibility of high-priced drugs for patients with serious diseases.This study explored the impact of the NMR on the accessibility and affordability of high-priced monoclonal antibodies(mAbs),and the effective promotion policies after the NMR.Methods We used a standard method developed by the World Health Organization to conduct two surveys on the availability of mAbs and their prices before and after the NMR in the public hospitals in Hubei province,China.By interviewing hospital pharmacy experts,we identified the potential value of the current NMR in improving the access to therapeutic mAbs.Results The average availability of 13 mAbs increased by 8.1%in the surveyed hospitals of Hubei province after the NMR.The median unit price of 10 mAbs dropped by 34.3%.The average affordability of a treatment cycle of 10 mAbs dropped from 680 days to 298 days of the disposable daily income for a middle-income resident(56.2%reduction).The drug price negotiation of medical insurance inclusion and the promotion of consistent evaluation of generic and original drugs could effectively promote the accessibility of mAbs.However,the zero markup of drug pricing and the limit on the proportion of drug revenues in public hospitals showed certain negative effects on the availability of mAbs.Conclusion Not all current NMR policies play a positive role in promoting the accessibility of mAbs.To further improve the accessibility of mAbs in the future in China,it is therefore critical to increase the investment in independent research and development of high-quality mAbs,establish localized guidelines for the rational use of mAbs in clinical practice,and have a cost-sharing mechanism for high-priced drugs with multiple stakeholders.展开更多
基金2022 Hunan Provincial General Higher Education School Teaching Reform Research Key Project“Research and Practice of Innovative Art Talent Cultivation Mode in Local Comprehensive Colleges and Universities Under the Strategy of‘Three Highs and Four New’”(Project number:HNJG-2022-0108)。
文摘As an important link in the development of modern quality education,art education is one of the methods to guide students to have a diversified vision.Under the background of multiculturalism,we need to explore the connotation and value of art education with the concept of“three highs and four new,”so that students can realize interdisciplinary and cross-cultural cognition through an immersive experience and practical operation in a wide range of multicultural situations,and to develop the knowledge of art education with the concept of“three highs and four new.”Based on the multicultural background,this paper focuses on the integration of multiculturalism into the reform practice of“student-centered”in colleges and universities,so as to cultivate art talents adapted to the multicultural background,in order to achieve the great mission of“three highs and four new”and better lead the innovative development of art education in colleges and universities.
基金Supported by the Phased Achievements of the Teaching Research Project of Yangtze University in 2022(Study on the Teaching Reform and Practice of Finance under the Background of New Liberal Arts)Phased Achievements of the Teaching Research Project of Yangtze University in 2021(Study on the Construction Model of"First-class Undergraduate Courses"in Provincial Universities:A Case Study of"Monetary Banking"of Yangtze University,JY2021038)+1 种基金Phased Achievements of the Teaching Research Project of Yangtze University in 2020(Study on the Hybrid Teaching Method of Public Elective Courses in Universities Based on MOOCs:A Case Study of Marketing,JY2020029)Phased Achievements of the Teaching Research Project of Yangtze University in 2021(Research and Practice of Integrating Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education into Talent Training for Agricultural and Forestry Economic Management Major,JY2021010).
文摘Under the background of new liberal arts,the problems existing in the teaching process of Finance were re-examined.For instance,the setting of teaching objectives does not meet the requirements of construction of new liberal arts,and teaching content emphasizes theory;teaching method is single,and teaching assessment is not reasonable.It is proposed that the curriculum reform should be carried out from five dimensions:teaching objective,teaching content,teaching method,practice system and teaching evaluation,so as to meet the requirements of construction of new liberal arts.
文摘China's current tax structure is seriously out of balance.It is dominated by indirect tax primarily paid by firms,and the share of direct tax is limited and the share of direct tax paid by households and individuals is still more limited.In order to achieve a more equitable distribution of the tax burden,the tax reform initiated by the Third Plenum of the 18 th CPC Central Committee mandated increasing the direct tax and reducing the indirect tax as key priorities to improve China's tax structure.
文摘Based on the Decisions of the CPC Central Committee on Some Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening Reforms and the Overall Plan on Deepening Fiscal and Tax Reforms, this paper presents a systematic assessment of the progress of China's new round of fiscal and tax reforms from November 2013 to October 2016 with the following findings. Reform of the budgetary management system has yielded initial results yet remains in the preliminary stage. While progress has been made in reforming indirect taxes, the reform of direct taxes is slow and presents a major obstacle. Despite breakthroughs, the progress of public finance reforms remains slow and impedes reforms on other fronts. Fiscal and tax reforms are uneven and should be implemented in coordination. Fiscal and tax reforms should more vigorously support overall reforms.
基金Supported by Ideological and Political Teaching Reform Project of Yunnan Agricultural University in 2022(YAUKCSZJG0050)Ideological and Political Teaching Reform Project of Yunnan Agricultural University in 2023(YNAUKCSZJG2023045)First-class Course Construction Project of Yunnan Agricultural University in 2023(2023YLKC019).
文摘The Fundamentals of Combustion course is an important compulsory course for Energy and Power Engineering Majors under the background of carbon peaking.According to the characteristics of teaching and scientific research at present,combined with the characteristics of complexity,interdisciplinary and rapid technology update of this course,this paper discusses the teaching content and teaching design of this course to meet the needs of talents of production,teaching and research under the background of new engineering course.It proposes more applicable teaching methods and practical means to broaden students horizons,stimulate students autonomous learning momentum,master the professional knowledge application ability,and cultivate innovative and competitive engineering professionals to adapt to the new energy strategy.
基金Sponsored by Research and Practice Project of Promoting High-quality Development of Basic Education through“New Normal Schools”Construction in Guangdong ProvinceKey Scientific Research Platforms and Projects for Ordinary Universities from Department of Education of Guangdong Province in 2022(Key Project of Science and Technology Serving Rural Areas)(2022ZDZX4058).
文摘In the context of rural revitalization,people are re-examining the issue of creating the role of teachers as“new rural sages”.However,most of previous studies ignored the school organizational change in the process of reform.The planned happenstance suggests that teachers should maintain a positive mindset about the eventualities in their careers.Based on the organizational change theory,this paper gave some advice to help teachers in playing a role of new rural sages:①rooting in local culture and enhancing teachers’sense of belonging,②providing compensation for teachers in a targeted way,and③providing a comprehensive and objective evaluation mechanism for ensuring teachers’participation in social governance.
文摘Presentation of the reports on the reformation of personal income taxation that have been prepared with a development plan for the Greek economy,that discuss the issue of taxation and point out its important features.The goal is the complete modernization of the tax system,so that it responds more fully to the principles of social justice,contributes to the economic development of the country and is governed by simple and modern procedures,which apply to all tax objects.The purpose of the study is to deepen the proposals for tax reform based on the peculiarities of the Greek economy,the international trends in this field and the weaknesses of the tax system.The effects of a tax reformation are analyzed and how it should take the form of the reform,which,however,requires a new legislation,which will bring about radical and deep cuts,which respond to the new conditions and the internationalization of the economy.Proposals for a set of structural measures,which are necessary for the country’s adaptation to the wider European environment and the elimination of the weaknesses that increase its distance from the other member countries.Citation of the common points of the reports on the reformation of personal income taxation and their adoption by the tax leadership.
文摘This paper reviews the situation,challenge,and consequence of the new college entrance examination(NEMT)reform in the Zhejiang Province of China.By analyzing the issues arising from the new NEMT reform,the researchers analyze the effectiveness of the new college entrance examination reform in Zhejiang Province.Three main issues could be found in the new college entrance examination reform,which are difficult in class arrangements,increasing costs,and confusion for students in choosing future careers.The researchers compare the influence of these issues from the new college entrance examination reform with that of the labor markets.This review also indicates that the influence of the labor market exceeds that of issues from NEMT reform.Then the way career planning education under the new college entrance reform is discussed.
基金On-Campus Practical Teaching Base of Guangdong Ocean University(On-Campus Practical Training Base of Food Major,Project number:310210062204)Teaching Quality and Teaching Reform Project Construction Project of 2021 Guangdong Undergraduate Universities(Green Processing Industry College for Lingnan Specialty Fruits and Vegetables,Project number:310121062201)Teaching Quality and Teaching Reform Project Construction Project of 2022 Guangdong Undergraduate Universities(Guangdong Ocean University-Xizhilang Science and Technology Integration Practice Teaching Base,Project number:310117062201)。
文摘With the development of society,the overall development of various industries in our country is unprecedentedly prosperous.However,various damaging industries with the sole goal of profit have emerged,significantly reducing people’s experience in basic needs such as food,clothing,housing,and transportation.Food analysis course is an essential primary subject established by colleges and universities to cultivate food quality and safety talents.In order to further ensure the food safety of society,this article mainly analyzes the teaching reform path of food analysis courses under the new situation.We hope the views in this article can provide guidelines for relevant workers.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of Inner Mongolia of China(KCBJ2018029)the CRP of CAS Key Laboratory of Solar Activity of National Astronomical Observatories(KLSA201905).
文摘According to the requirement of New Engineering Disciplines initiated by the Ministry of Education of China,the course of Programming Fundamentals has been reformed in ethnic university to satisfy the standard of New Engineering Certification.The reform is implemented in teaching content,implementation in both theoretical and experimental classes,teaching assessment and teacher training.
基金the Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of Higher Education in Sichuan Province,which is the Research Center for Reform and Development of Newly-Established Colleges and Universities(Project Number:XJYX2021B13)it is the result of the special project of teaching team construction of Sichuan University of Media and Communications in 2020(Sichuan University of Media and Communications[2020]No.61).
文摘Under the background of new liberal arts,in order to run a major well as well as highlight its characteristics and advantages,private colleges and universities cannot do without the construction of professional teaching teams and teaching reforms.Taking Sichuan University of Media and Communication as an example,a series of explorations and practices has been carried out from the aspects of professional team construction,personnel training objectives,professional curriculum system,professional teaching mode,and professional teaching quality,in which good results have been achieved.On this basis,a training base for journalism and communication talents serving the whole Sichuan Province and even the western region is constructed,so that the results of the project have a certain demonstration and promotion value for the construction and development of similar majors in new institutions of higher learning in Sichuan Province.
文摘Since the promulgation of the new plan for the national college entrance examination reform in 2014,all provinces have been gradually promoting the new college entrance examination reform.In this context,schools are actively carrying out various reforms to improve the quality of education and teaching.However,can school reform only aim at the national college entrance examination?Facing the new national college entrance examination reform,what can schools do?
文摘By the end of the century, the reform and development of China’s state-owned enterprises will create new prospects. The reform of state-owned foreign economic and trade enterprises should also see further breakthroughs. At present, the following aspects are important: 1. Implement a Holdings System in the Reform of State-owned Foreign Economic and Trade Enterprises. The holdings system plays a major role in transferring the management mechanism of state-owned foreign economic and
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.70941021)
文摘With China's rapid economic development,it is important to formulate reasonable and feasible tax and fee policies to promote the development and utilization of low-grade oil and gas resources to guarantee China's energy supply security.In this paper,by analyzing major problems of China's current tax and fee policies for oil and gas resources,a reform program for low-grade oil and gas resources is designed from the aspects of tax/fee items and tax/fee rates.The impacts of this reform program on China and China's oil companies during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" are investigated according to the related data in 2008.The results show that the proposed tax and fee reform program will lower the tax burden of oil companies,promote the development of low-grade oil and gas resources,and increase China's GDP and national fiscal revenue.Besides that,it will bring positive social effects by increasing employment opportunities.
文摘After taking stock of China's four-decade reforms, this paper identifies the cyclical patterns of China's reforms, which consist of an intermediate cycle and three short cycles. The purpose of reform is to adjust the changing relations of production to changing productivity. China has adopted a gradualist approach of reform, and reform cycles have coincided with economic cycles. The cyclical changes of reform are of great significance to comprehensively deepening reforms in the new era: Downward pressures of the economy present the best window period for reform;a new cycle of reform will unveil a new economic cycle as well;the people's support is essential to pushing forward the cyclical movements of reform;and top-down design is essential to deepen reforms on all fronts.
基金Supported by Project of Anhui Development and Reform Commission "Study on Reform and Innovation of Rural Land System in Anhui Province"(20141121)
文摘In view of artificially high urbanization rate of China and possible causes,survey and data analysis methods were used to discuss reform of household registration system,and path for promoting rural land system reform. Results show that it is required to eliminate bottlenecks of land system in the advance of new urbanization process. In line with land system bottlenecks of new urbanization,it is recommended to take following measures.( i) Promoting land right confirmation centered land system reform.( ii) Weakening rural land ownership and stressing land use right.( iii) Establishing urban and rural integrated land market and putting an end to low cost urbanization road.( iv) Realizing asset value of rural construction land and tackling the problem of insufficient construction land.( v) Reforming the land expropriation system and increasing the share of gain in land value to farmers.( vi) Implementing different land policies to promote coordinated development of regional social economy.( vii) Establishing land circulation access system to ensure unchanged land use purpose and high efficient use.
文摘The Agriculture and Forestry discipline in local normal colleges and universities plays an important role in cultivating talents and higher education to serve the local"agriculture,rural areas and farmers".The Land Resource Management discipline is a science that studies the use,allocation,and management of land resources and assets,and has comprehensive and practical features.In the context of the proposal of the rural revitalization strategy and the establishment of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the State Council,the importance of cultivating land resource management talents who understands both land planning and urban planning is self-evident,and the teaching reform of Land Resource Management discipline is receiving much attention.Taking the Land Resource Management discipline of Jiangxi Normal University,a key normal university in Jiangxi Province as an example,combining the characteristics of the discipline setting and the development process,we analyzed the existing problems in its development,so as to provide recommendations for the teaching reform of Land Resource Management discipline in local normal colleges and universities.
基金supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.70903025,No.71373089).
文摘Objective In 2017,China launched a new round of medical reform(NMR)to address the inaccessibility of high-priced drugs for patients with serious diseases.This study explored the impact of the NMR on the accessibility and affordability of high-priced monoclonal antibodies(mAbs),and the effective promotion policies after the NMR.Methods We used a standard method developed by the World Health Organization to conduct two surveys on the availability of mAbs and their prices before and after the NMR in the public hospitals in Hubei province,China.By interviewing hospital pharmacy experts,we identified the potential value of the current NMR in improving the access to therapeutic mAbs.Results The average availability of 13 mAbs increased by 8.1%in the surveyed hospitals of Hubei province after the NMR.The median unit price of 10 mAbs dropped by 34.3%.The average affordability of a treatment cycle of 10 mAbs dropped from 680 days to 298 days of the disposable daily income for a middle-income resident(56.2%reduction).The drug price negotiation of medical insurance inclusion and the promotion of consistent evaluation of generic and original drugs could effectively promote the accessibility of mAbs.However,the zero markup of drug pricing and the limit on the proportion of drug revenues in public hospitals showed certain negative effects on the availability of mAbs.Conclusion Not all current NMR policies play a positive role in promoting the accessibility of mAbs.To further improve the accessibility of mAbs in the future in China,it is therefore critical to increase the investment in independent research and development of high-quality mAbs,establish localized guidelines for the rational use of mAbs in clinical practice,and have a cost-sharing mechanism for high-priced drugs with multiple stakeholders.