Analysis of the Effect and Influencing Factors of Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment Based on A^(2)O-MBBR Integrated Process

[Objectives] This study was conducted to solve the prominent problems in the treatment of domestic sewage in southern rural areas of China. [Methods] An integrated process treatment mode of anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic moving bed biofilm reactor (A 2O-MBBR) was proposed to analyze and study its operating effect and influencing factors. [Results] The A^(2)O-MBBR mode had good COD removal efficiency and nitrogen and phosphorus removal performance, and the water quality index of the effluent met the Class A standard of GB181918-2002. This mode is suitable for treating rural domestic sewage, and has high treatment effects in different operating periods. In spring, the average removal rates of COD, NH_(4)^(+)-N, TN, TP and SS reached (83.53 ± 2.15)%, (89.44 ± 4.97)%, (67.36±18.53)%, (88.22±11.21)% and (91.73±2.25)%, respectively;In the autumn period, the average removal rates of COD, NH_(4)^(+)-N, TN, TP and SS were (83.49±2.64)%, (89.26±9.19)%, (66.05±17.00)%, (87.48±9.68)%, and (91.13±2.35)%. [Conclusions] This study provides theoretical reference and technical support for the popularization and application of A^(2)O-MBBR integrated process.

基于Arduino与Processing的心率检测计设计研究

随着社会经济的高速发展,人们的物质生活也有了极大的提高,但同时也伴随着各种疾病的到来,身体健康已经成为人们普遍关注的焦点,因此,心率检测仪、血压计、血糖仪等各种家用医疗监测仪器已经逐渐融入日常生活。心脏病是人们难以预防的突发致命疾病之一,本文介绍的是一款基于Arduino【是基于易用硬件和软件的原型开源平台,包由可编程的电路板(简称微控制器),以及集成开发环境(称为Arduino IDE)的现成软件组成】Processing(开源编程语言,包括编辑器、编译器、展示器)的简易心率检测计系统,其功能实用、操作简单,可以测量心率,当超出正常心率范围时及时预警,是一款便携的实时心率测试仪。

磁性载体MBBR系统对纳米ZnO颗粒的胁迫响应

为探究磁性载体移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)系统对不同浓度纳米ZnO胁迫的响应,构建2组MBBR开展纳米ZnO胁迫实验,通过对比普通与磁性载体MBBR中COD、NH_(4)^(+)-N去除性能、生物膜形貌、微生物群落及功能基因,分析磁性载体对纳米ZnO胁迫下MBBR中污染物去除性能及微生物的影响.结果表明:低浓度(5,10mg/L)纳米ZnO对COD、NH_(4)^(+)-N去除无显著影响;高浓度(30,50mg/L)纳米ZnO胁迫后,磁性载体MBBR的NH_(4)^(+)-N去除率分别降低10.57%和12.91%,低于普通载体的14.48%和16.94%.相比于NH_(4)^(+)-N,纳米ZnO胁迫对COD去除影响较小.此外,高浓度(30,50mg/L)纳米ZnO胁迫导致更多纳米ZnO颗粒团聚并吸附于磁性载体生物膜表面,继而改变了生物膜群落结构.在10mg/L的纳米ZnO胁迫下,磁性与普通载体生物膜中微单胞菌属(Micropruina)的相对丰度均有所提高,对该菌属生长起到促进作用.50mg/L纳米ZnO对Micropruina的生长产生明显的抑制,普通及磁性载体生物膜中其相对丰度分别降至0.20%和1.28%.KEGG代谢通路预测表明,高浓度的纳米ZnO改善了细胞膜转运蛋白和细胞活性等功能,降低了碳水化合物代谢、氨基酸代谢、能量代谢、辅助因子和维生素代谢、异种生物降解与代谢的功能.在纳米ZnO胁迫下,磁性载体较普通载体表现出更好的污染物去除性能,削弱了纳米ZnO对微生物的胁迫效应.

纯膜MBBR+磁混凝沉淀工艺在广东省某城市污水厂提标改造中的应用

广东省某城市污水处理厂于2003年建成并投入运营,该污水处理厂原工艺为“厌氧UASB+高负荷生物滤池+固体接触池+生物絮凝沉淀池”,随着污水排放标准的不断提升,该污水处理厂提标改造工作迫在眉睫。经过对多种工艺综合比选,确定将原工艺提标改造为“纯膜MBBR+磁混凝沉淀”,对提标改造工程开展工程设计,剖析提标改造后污水处理厂的运行效果。结果表明:以“纯膜MBBR+磁混凝沉淀”为主体的提标改造工艺优势显著,可节省面积约为2600 m^(2),提标改造后污水处理厂能够连续稳定运行,出水水质满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)一级A标准和《水污染物排放限值》(DB 44/26—2001)第二时段一级标准的较严值。

A-O模式MBBR工艺对村镇社区污水的脱氮效果

采用快速排泥法对硝化型和反硝化型MBBR反应器进行启动,并形成A-O模式工艺处理村镇生活污水。结果显示,通过快速排泥法,可以分别在20 d和10 d内完成硝化生物膜和反硝化生物膜的培养;在填充率为40%时,(20.0±0.5)℃水温条件下填料的平均硝化速率和反硝化速率分别为0.48 kgN/(m^(3)·d)和0.55 kgN/(m^(3)·d);当水温为(16.2±2.4)℃时,不投加外碳源,A-O模式的MBBR工艺出水氨氮和总氮可达到一级A标准;反硝化作用主要发生在缺氧池前端,硝化作用主要发生在好氧池后端。高通量测序结果显示,缺氧池前端反硝化菌主要为异养反硝化菌(相对丰度为19.14%),好氧池从前端到后端,硝化细菌菌属逐渐增加(相对丰度从3.09%增加到11.88%),好氧区填料存在一定比例的反硝化菌属(相对丰度为1.35%~4.11%)。A-O模式纯膜MBBR工艺启动迅速,脱氮效率高,系统简单、易于维护,适用于村镇污水处理。

大型水质净化厂纯膜MBBR工艺条件优化及运行分析

广东某大型水质净化厂将原平流沉淀池末端改造为纯膜MBBR工艺段,以提高系统对微污染河道水中氨氮的去除效果。改造后稳定运行期间,厂区出水COD_(Mn)、BOD_(5)、氨氮、TP和SS的平均质量浓度分别为19、2.7、0.47、0.10 mg/L和8 mg/L,平均去除率分别为24.11%、35.03%、85.17%、56.30%和57.15%,满足《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)Ⅲ类水质标准。通过中试探究了水温、气水比、水力停留时间及填料填充率各运行条件对纯膜MBBR工艺硝化性能的影响。结果表明,最佳运行条件:水温为25℃、气水比为1.50∶1、水力停留时间为54 min、悬浮填料填充率为40%。优化条件下,氨氮平均去除率可达97.79%。文章对纯膜MBBR生物池的调试及运行经验进行了总结,可为类似工程提供借鉴和参考。

AAO-MBBR工艺在农村生活污水中应用效果研究

【目的】研究农村污水处理新工艺AAO-MBBR模式运行最佳工况和其对污染物的处理效果。【方法】通过对比不同停留时间、不同内循环比、不同好氧池溶解氧质量浓度下污染物去除率,筛选出设备最佳运行参数,设置设备在最佳工况运行时,分析其对各污染物处理效果。【结果】改良后的AAO-MBBR新工艺在水力停留时间8 h、内循环比为300%、好氧池溶解氧质量浓度为2.5 mg/L时,污染物去除效果最佳。在最佳工况运行时,设备对SS(悬浮物)、COD(化学需氧量)、BOD(生物需氧量)、NH_(3)-N(氨氮量)和TP(总磷量)的去除率分别为80%、85%、91%、84.5%和46%,处理效果显著高于其他污水处理设备。【结论】改良AAO-MBBR工艺一体化污水处理设备污染物去除效果较好。

MBBR耦合多段AO工艺在大型市政污水处理厂的运行初探和实践成效

新建城市污水处理厂或提标改造老旧污水处理厂普遍存在出水水质差、污染物负荷与占地面积等不可调和的矛盾,基于纵向扩大池容会增加建设成本、高负荷运行具有超标风险,因此,急需一种污泥/容积负荷高、运行稳定、操作简单的污水处理新技术。对此,某大型市政污水处理厂利用移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)泥膜共混技术提高生化池有效污泥浓度、实现功能微生物的强化和富集,耦合多段AO工艺,经历雨/旱、夏/冬季,已稳定运行227 d,当进水COD_(Cr)、氨氮、TN质量浓度分别为277.97、34.92、45.95 mg/L,对应出水质量浓度分别降低至12.68、0.33、7.55 mg/L,MBBR挂膜前后的氨氮污泥负荷为0.011、0.015 g氨氮/(g MLSS·d)、TN污泥负荷为0.014、0.020 g TN/(g MLSS·d)。系统稳定运行期间,好氧Ⅰ段氨氮硝化速率为7.27 mg/(L·h)、缺氧Ⅰ段NO-3-N还原速率为3.48 mg/(L·h)。结果表明,通过负载微生物和游离污泥的交互作用,寻求复杂微生物群落功能的强化和调控,可以设计出更加合理、高效的污水处理新工艺。

中低温下基于纯膜条件多段A/O-MBBR系统脱氮能力中试研究

针对低温条件下活性污泥法生物硝化限制性瓶颈问题,构建了三段式A/O-MBBR中试系统,对其在中低温条件下的脱氮能力开展研究,结合生物膜在静态实验条件下的硝化能力及形态变化,分析了系统脱氮效果的影响因素。研究结果表明,在反应温度为10~16℃、处理水量为(23.6±5.4) m^(3)/d、碳源投加量为50~90 mg/L条件下,系统进水SCOD、NH+4-N和TIN浓度分别为(147±30)、(38.3±2.1)和(39.6±2.3) mg/L,出水分别降至(26±6)、(0.4±0.6)和(6.8±3.6) mg/L,去除率分别达到82.3%、99.0%和82.8%,其中系统中第2段A/O-MBBR分系统表现出良好的硝化能力,其硝化去除负荷可达0.9 g/(m^(2)·d),NH_(4)^(+)-N硝化贡献率可达54%;生物膜厚度是影响其硝化能力的重要因素。

Constraints on Characteristics and Distribution of Gas Hydrate and Free Gas Using Broad-Band Processing of Three-Dimensional Seismic Data

Gas hydrate drilling expeditions in the Pearl River Mouth Basin,South China Sea,have identified concentrated gas hydrates with variable thickness.Moreover,free gas and the coexistence of gas hydrate and free gas have been confirmed by logging,coring,and production tests in the foraminifera-rich silty sediments with complex bottom-simulating reflectors(BSRs).The broad-band processing is conducted on conventional three-dimensional(3D)seismic data to improve the image and detection accuracy of gas hydratebearing layers and delineate the saturation and thickness of gas hydrate-and free gas-bearing sediments.Several geophysical attributes extracted along the base of the gas hydrate stability zone are used to demonstrate the variable distribution and the controlling factors for the differential enrichment of gas hydrate.The inverted gas hydrate saturation at the production zone is over 40% with a thickness of 90 m,showing the interbedded distribution with different boundaries between gas hydrate-and free gas-bearing layers.However,the gas hydrate saturation value at the adjacent canyon is 70%,with 30-m-thick patches and linear features.The lithological and fault controls on gas hydrate and free gas distributions are demonstrated by tracing each gas hydrate-bearing layer.Moreover,the BSR depths based on broad-band reprocessed 3D seismic data not only exhibit variations due to small-scale topographic changes caused by seafloor sedimentation and erosion but also show the upward shift of BSR and the blocky distribution of the coexistence of gas hydrate and free gas in the Pearl River Mouth Basin.

Design and optimization of a greener sinomenine hydrochloride preparation process considering variations among different batches of the medicinal herb

The current methods used to industrially produce sinomenine hydrochloride involve several issues,including high solvent toxicity,long process flow,and low atomic utilization efficiency,and the greenness scores of the processes are below 65 points.To solve these problems,a new process using anisole as the extractant was proposed.Anisole exhibits high selectivity for sinomenine and can be connected to the subsequent water-washing steps.After alkalization of the medicinal material,heating extraction,water washing,and acidification crystallization were carried out.The process was modeled and optimized.The design space was constructed.The recommended operating ranges for the critical process parameters were 3.0–4.0 h for alkalization time,60.0–80.0℃ for extraction temperature,2.0–3.0(volume ratio)for washing solution amount,and 2.0–2.4 mol·L^(-1) for hydrochloric acid concentration.The new process shows good robustness because different batches of medicinal materials did not greatly impact crystal purity or sinomenine transfer rate.The sinomenine transfer rate was about 20%higher than that of industrial processes.The greenness score increased to 90 points since the novel process proposed in this research solves the problems of long process flow,high solvent toxicity,and poor atomic economy,better aligning with the concept of green chemistry.

Investigation on taste characteristics and sensory perception of soft-boiled chicken during oral processing based on electronic tongue and electronic nose

The sensory perception of food is a dynamic process,which is closely related to the release of flavor substances during oral processing.It’s not only affected by the food material,but also subjected to the individual oral environment.To explore the oral processing characteristics of soft-boiled chicken,the sensory properties,texture,particle size,viscosity,characteristic values of electronic nose and tongue of different chicken samples were investigated.The correlation analysis showed that the physical characteristics especially the cohesiveness,springiness,resilience of the sample determined oral processing behavior.The addition of chicken skin played a role in lubrication during oral processing.The particle size of the bolus was heightened at the early stage,and the fluidity was enhanced in the end,which reduced the chewing time to the swallowing point and raised the aromatic compounds signal of electronic nose.But the effect of chicken skin on chicken thigh with relatively high fat content,was opposite in electronic nose,which had a certain masking effect on the perception of umami and sweet taste.In conclusion,fat played a critical role in chicken oral processing and chicken thigh had obvious advantages in comprehensive evaluation of soft-boiled chicken,which was more popular among people.

基于ABR-MBBR一体化装置处理村镇污水的试验

随着我国村镇污水处理规模的快速发展,众多村镇污水处理技术应运而生,文章创新设计采用了厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)-二级移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)-纤维束膜处理工艺的一体化村镇污水装置,该装置主要由ABR池、二级MBBR池、竖流式沉淀池和纤维竖膜池组成。试验以上海某城镇污水处理厂进水模拟村镇污水进水,通过对其进行挂膜、驯化阶段研究,探究了该装置的处理效果。结果表明,该装置对进水水质波动具有一定的耐冲击负荷,通过对MBBR池间接性曝气等工艺调整,可实现较好的脱氮除磷效果。通过为期一个多月的启动试运行,该设备对COD_(Cr)、氨氮、TN、TP、SS指标的去除率分别稳定在86%、86%、46%、53%、85%以上,出水水质符合上海市地方标准《农村生活污水处理设施水污染物排放标准》(DB 31/T 1163—2019)中的一级B标准,对我国村镇污水处理技术的选择具有一定的借鉴意义。

A new insight into LPSO phase transformation and mechanical properties uniformity of large-scale Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy prepared by multi-pass friction stir processing

A large-scale fine-grained Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy plate with high strength and ductility was successfully prepared by multi-pass friction stir processing(MFSP)technology in this work.The structure of grains and long period stacking ordered(LPSO)phase were characterized,and the mechanical properties uniformity was investigated.Moreover,a quantitative relationship between the microstructure and tensile yield strength was established.The results showed that the grains in the processed zone(PZ)and interfacial zone(IZ)were refined from 50μm to 3μm and 4μm,respectively,and numerous original LPSO phases were broken.In IZ,some block-shaped 18R LPSO phases were transformed into needle-like 14H LPSO phases due to stacking faults and the short-range diffusion of solute atoms.The severe shear deformation in the form of kinetic energy caused profuse stacking fault to be generated and move rapidly,greatly increasing the transformation rate of LPSO phase.After MFSP,the ultimate tensile strength,yield strength and elongation to failure of the large-scale plate were 367 MPa,305 MPa and 18.0% respectively.Grain refinement and LPSO phase strengthening were the major strengthening mechanisms for the MFSP sample.In particularly,the strength of IZ was comparable to that of PZ because the strength contribution of the 14H LPSO phase offsets the lack of grain refinement strengthening in IZ.This result opposes the widely accepted notion that IZ is a weak region in MFSP-prepared large-scale fine-grained plate.

Recent developments in selective laser processes for wearable devices

Recently,the increasing interest in wearable technology for personal healthcare and smart virtual/augmented reality applications has led to the development of facile fabrication methods.Lasers have long been used to develop original solutions to such challenging technological problems due to their remote,sterile,rapid,and site-selective processing of materials.In this review,recent developments in relevant laser processes are summarized under two separate categories.First,transformative approaches,such as for laser-induced graphene,are introduced.In addition to design optimization and the alteration of a native substrate,the latest advances under a transformative approach now enable more complex material compositions and multilayer device configurations through the simultaneous transformation of heterogeneous precursors,or the sequential addition of functional layers coupled with other electronic elements.In addition,the more conventional laser techniques,such as ablation,sintering,and synthesis,can still be used to enhance the functionality of an entire system through the expansion of applicable materials and the adoption of new mechanisms.Later,various wearable device components developed through the corresponding laser processes are discussed,with an emphasis on chemical/physical sensors and energy devices.In addition,special attention is given to applications that use multiple laser sources or processes,which lay the foundation for the all-laser fabrication of wearable devices.

低温下A/MBBR反应器快速启动的工艺参数

为了探究厌氧移动床生物膜反应器(A/MBBR)低温下影响工艺启动的因素,得到最佳的启动工况,在选用K3填料作为反应器填料和自然挂膜启动的基础上,建立了试验平台.在8~12℃的水温和不同工况水平的填充率、回流比和水力停留时间下,通过研究反应器在挂膜启动时期对污水中化学需氧量、NH 3-H和总磷的处理效果,得到了启动时期反应器在不同工况水平下的运行效果;通过研究反应器内填料上固体生物膜的质量变化,得到不同工况水平下生物膜增长速率;通过研究生物膜的产气速率,得到了不同工况水平下反应器生物膜总比呼吸速率和内源比呼吸速率.通过比较反应器运行效果和填料上生物膜的活性及呼吸速率,得到了A/MBBR反应器在8~12℃下自然挂膜启动的最佳工艺参数:填充率为40%、回流比为20%、水力停留时间为8 h时,该工况下能够兼顾污染物去除率、生物膜生长速率和生物膜活性,是最佳的启动条件,预计可缩短23%的启动时间.

粉末活性炭改善MBBR处理效果的工程应用实例

在某炼化企业高浓度污水处理系统的MBBR反应器中投加75 mg/L的粉末活性炭,从工程应用的角度考察了活性炭投加后MBBR的运行效果。工业装置运行结果表明,在MBBR系统的缺氧单元空床停留时间4 h、好氧MBBR反应器空床停留时间16 h、进水COD≤600 mg/L、氨氮≤40 mg/L、TN≤45 mg/L的运行条件下,MBBR系统保持了长期稳定运行,出水水质满足了设计要求。该工程实例表明,在MBBR装置中少量投加粉末活性炭,是提高在用MBBR装置运行稳定性和处理效果的一个简单、可行且有效的方法。

Effect of bubble morphology and behavior on power consumption in non-Newtonian fluids’aeration process

Due to a prolonged operation time and low mass transfer efficiency, the primary challenge in the aeration process of non-Newtonian fluids is the high energy consumption, which is closely related to the form and rate of impeller, ventilation, rheological properties and bubble morphology in the reactor. In this perspective, through optimal computational fluid dynamics models and experiments, the relationship between power consumption, volumetric mass transfer rate(kLa) and initial bubble size(d0) was constructed to establish an efficient operation mode for the aeration process of non-Newtonian fluids. It was found that reducing the d0could significantly increase the oxygen mass transfer rate, resulting in an obvious decrease in the ventilation volume and impeller speed. When d0was regulated within 2-5 mm,an optimal kLa could be achieved, and 21% of power consumption could be saved, compared to the case of bubbles with a diameter of 10 mm.

固定化反硝化菌强化MBBR处理水产养殖废水的研究

通过将高效脱氮细菌包埋在废旧纺织布表面,形成高生物量的柔性多孔填料,投加到移动床生物膜反应器MBBR中,探究不同HRT和包埋菌量对MBBR处理水产养殖废水的强化处理效能。结果表明:投加菌量为80 ml,HRT为8h时脱氮处理效果最好,TN去除率达到98.94%,NO2−-N的积累量仅为0.11 mg/L;包埋菌在脱氮过程起着主要作用,其他硝化和反硝化生物种群丰度随时间逐渐增加。采用该工艺净化水产养殖废水具有可行性和实用性。

Multistate transition and coupled solid-liquid modeling of motion process of long-runout landslide

The recognition,repetition and prediction of the post-failure motion process of long-runout landslides are key scientific problems in the prevention and mitigation of geological disasters.In this study,a new numerical method involving LPF3D based on a multialgorithm and multiconstitutive model was proposed to simulate long-runout landslides with high precision and efficiency.The following results were obtained:(a)The motion process of landslides showed a steric effect with mobility,including gradual disintegration and spreading.The sliding mass can be divided into three states(dense,dilute and ultradilute)in the motion process,which can be solved by three dynamic regimes(friction,collision,and inertial);(b)Coupling simulation between the solid grain and liquid phases was achieved,focusing on drag force influences;(c)Different algorithms and constitutive models were employed in phase-state simulations.The volume fraction is an important indicator to distinguish different state types and solid‒liquid ratios.The flume experimental results were favorably validated against long-runout landslide case data;and(d)In this method,matched dynamic numerical modeling was developed to better capture the realistic motion process of long-runout landslides,and the advantages of continuum media and discrete media were combined to improve the computational accuracy and efficiency.This new method can reflect the realistic physical and mechanical processes in long-runout landslide motion and provide a suitable method for risk assessment and pre-failure prediction.