Charging Ahead with E-Buses: Benefits, Costs, and Transition Roadmap

This paper reaches a recommendation for the 10-year e-bus transition roadmap for New York City. The lifecycle model of emission reduction demonstrates the ecological and financial impacts of a complete transition from the current diesel bus fleet to an all-electric bus fleet in New York City by 2033. This study focuses on the NOx pollution, which is the highest among all major cities by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and greenhouse gases (GHG) with annual emissions of over five million tons. Our model predicts that switching to an all-electric bus fleet will cut GHG emissions by over 390,000 tons and NOx emissions by over 1300 tons annually, in addition to other pollutants such as VOCs and PM 2.5. yielding an annual economic benefit of over 75.94 million USD. This aligns with the city mayor office’s initiative of achieving total carbon neutrality. We further model an optimized transition roadmap that balances ecological and long-term benefits against the costs of the transition, emphasizing feasibility and alignment with the natural replacement cycle of existing buses, ensuring a steady budgeting pattern to minimize interruptions and resistance. Finally, we advocate for collaboration between government agencies, public transportation authorities, and private sectors, including electric buses and charging facility manufacturers, which is essential for fostering innovation and reducing the costs associated with the transition to e-buses.

Control system design of hybrid fuel cell city bus

This paper introduced the design of the hybrid powertrain of the Fuel Cell City Bus demonstrated in 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. The configuration of the hybrid fuel cell powertrain was introduced. The safety of hydrogen storage and delivery system, the hydrogen leakage alarm system were developed. The real-time distributed control and diagnosis system based on the Time Trigger Controller Area Network （TTCAN） with 10 ms basic control period was developed. The concept and implementation of processor （or controller） monitor and process （or task） monitor technique based on the TYCAN were applied in this paper. The fault tolerant control algorithm of the fuel cell engine and the battery man- agement system were considered. The demonstration experience verified that the fault tolerant control was very important for the fuel cell city bus.

基于C-Vine Copula函数的台风灾害链“风-雨-潮”联合概率分布研究

现有台风灾害链研究大多采用高维对称Copula模型建立多个致灾因子的联合分布,对致灾因子之间非线性、非对称的复杂关联结构探究不足。文章以浙江岛屿城市舟山为例,通过C-VineCopula函数刻画当地台风灾害链“风-雨-潮”之间的复杂依赖关系,利用1979—2018年逐日的最大持续风速、累积降雨量以及最大风暴增水数据估算三者的联合概率分布以及重现期。研究表明:1)风速与降雨量在常规数值区间(非极端情况)具有较强的相关性,最佳联合分布为Frank Copula;风速与风暴增水具有上尾依赖的特征,最佳联合分布为Gumbel Copula;2)降雨量分布在风速条件下显示2处峰值,风暴增水分布在风速条件下近似于均匀,两者之间的最佳联合分布为Gumbel Copula;3)以单变量100 a重现期为例,风速-降雨量与风速-风暴增水组合事件的二维联合重现期分别缩短至29和30 a,而风速-降雨量-风暴增水组合事件的三维联合重现期缩短至17 a。综上,C-VineCopula函数能准确有效地刻画台风灾害链“风-雨-潮”之间的复杂依赖关系,深化对于台风灾害链内在作用机制的理解,为台风灾害风险管理和工程设计提供科学支持。

Review of Key Technologies and Applications in Intelligent Transportation Systems

The development of Intelligent Transportation Systems(ITS)is closely intertwined with the growth of every city,serving as a critical component of smart city construction.This paper provides a concise overview of the concept and overall framework of smart transportation.It emphasizes the application of key technologies,including Traffic Element Identification and Perception,data mining,and Smart Transportation System Integration Technology,in the field.Furthermore,the paper elucidates the current practical applications of smart transportation,showcasing its advancements and implementations in real-world scenarios.

Analysis of Commuting Modal Shift in Consideration of Social Interaction of Consciousness for Environment

It is the matter for achievement of the low carbon transport system that the excessive use of private vehicles can be controlled appropriately.Not only improvement of service level of modes except private vehicle,but also consciousness for environmental problem of individual trip maker is important for eco-commuting promotion.On the other hand,consciousness for environment would be changed by influence of other person.Accordingly,it is aimed in the study that the structure of decision-making process for modal shift to the eco-commuting mode in the local city is described considering environmental consciousness and social interaction.For the purpose,the consciousness for the environment problem and the travel behavior of the commuter at the suburban area in the local city are investigated by the questionnaire survey.The covariance structure about the eco-consciousness is analyzed with the database of the questionnaire survey by structural equation modeling.As the result,it can be confirmed with the structural equation model that the individual environmental consciousness is strongly related with the intention of self-sacrifice and is influenced with the local interaction of the individual connections.On the other hand,the intention of modal shift for the commuting mode is analyzed with the database of the questionnaire survey.It can be found out that the environmental consciousness is not statistically significant for commuting mode choice with the present poor level of service of public transport.However,the intention of self-sacrifice for the prevention of the global warming is statistically confirmed as the factor of modal shift with the operation of eco-commuting bus service with the RP/SP integrated estimation method.As the result,the multi-agent simulation system with social interaction model for eco consciousness is developed to measure the effect of the eco-commuting promotion.For the purpose,the carbon dioxide emission is estimated based on traffic demand and road network condition in the traffic environment model.On the other hand,the relation between agents is defined based on the small world network.The proposed multi-agent simulation is applied to measure the effect of the eco-commuting promotion such as improvement of level of service on the public transport or education of eco-consciousness.The effect of the promotion plan can be observed with the proposed multi-agent system.Finally,it can be concluded that the proposed multi-agent simulation with social interaction for eco-consciousness is useful for planning of eco-commuting promotion.

Restructuring and Rewriting:Two Justified C-E Translation Tactics for Publicity Materials about Chinese Cities

The objective of this paper is to illustrate the target-reader-oriented translation strategy for publicity materials about Chinese cities. Under the guidance of functionalism, it is proved that a great variety of translation tactics, restructuring and rewriting in particular, should be adopted to make the target text of publicity materials acceptable to the addressees.

基于C-Bus的人体感应及亮度检测照明控制

作为智能照明总线控制技术代表之一的C-Bus,在动力和能源管理、照明控制以及专业调光控制、智能家居控制等领域提供了丰富的解决方案。该文在自主设计的智能照明空间内,使用编程软件C-Bus ToolKit、相关传感器输入单元E5031PE和E5751L等,完成了人体感应照明灯具以及亮度控制照明灯具的开关控制,实现了智能红外感应开关控制和随周围环境变化的亮度调节等功能。该文详细介绍了C-Bus系统实现智能化控制的过程,将在高端建筑控制中应用的这些技术引入大学专业教学,实现了在单片机、ARM等单芯片照明控制之外的总线控制人才培养。

基于C-BUS协议的校园智能照明控制系统设计

本文介绍了C-BUS基本原理,提出基于C-BUS协议的校园建筑智能照明控制系统设计,并阐述了教学楼、图书馆智能照明控制方案。

C-Bus智能照明控制系统在体育馆中的应用

此文介绍照明控制系统的拓扑结构、C-Bus智能照明控制系统的组成与工作原理。以某体育馆为例,阐述C-Bus智能照明控制系统的设计内容及实现的应用功能,并指出智能照明控制系统作为体育馆智能化系统的重要组成部分,发展前景广阔。

基于AT89C51和CAN bus技术的智能制氢电源

介绍了一种采用 AT89C51单片机和 CAN bus 技术的智能制氢电源的新型控制方法,重点分析了控制器及主电路的原理和结构。

C-BUS总线的原理与软件实现

C-BUS总线在工程控制中是经常使用的一种数据通信方式.本文将对其工作的原理和时序进行分析,并进一步论述其软件实现.

C-BUS现场总线在照明控制中的应用

自现场总线产生以来已有近20年的历史，它已经在汽车、造纸、纺织、石化、电力、楼宇等诸多领域中得到广泛应用。近几年，国内外先后开发出许多基于现场总线的智能照明控制系统以取代传统的照明控制方式。文中以C—BUS智能照明控制系统为例，通过在仙桃体育馆中的应用分析，阐述了现场总线在照明控制中的应用。

Power-balancing Instantaneous Optimization Energy Management for a Novel Series-parallel Hybrid Electric Bus

Energy management（EM） is a core technique of hybrid electric bus（HEB） in order to advance fuel economy performance optimization and is unique for the corresponding configuration. There are existing algorithms of control strategy seldom take battery power management into account with international combustion engine power management. In this paper, a type of power-balancing instantaneous optimization（PBIO） energy management control strategy is proposed for a novel series-parallel hybrid electric bus. According to the characteristic of the novel series-parallel architecture, the switching boundary condition between series and parallel mode as well as the control rules of the power-balancing strategy are developed. The equivalent fuel model of battery is implemented and combined with the fuel of engine to constitute the objective function which is to minimize the fuel consumption at each sampled time and to coordinate the power distribution in real-time between the engine and battery. To validate the proposed strategy effective and reasonable, a forward model is built based on Matlab/Simulink for the simulation and the dSPACE autobox is applied to act as a controller for hardware in-the-loop integrated with bench test. Both the results of simulation and hardware-in-the-loop demonstrate that the proposed strategy not only enable to sustain the battery SOC within its operational range and keep the engine operation point locating the peak efficiency region, but also the fuel economy of series-parallel hybrid electric bus（SPHEB） dramatically advanced up to 30.73% via comparing with the prototype bus and a similar improvement for PBIO strategy relative to rule-based strategy, the reduction of fuel consumption is up to 12.38%. The proposed research ensures the algorithm of PBIO is real-time applicability, improves the efficiency of SPHEB system, as well as suite to complicated configuration perfectly.

The Features of Microcontroller EM78P447 and Technique of Port Connection with I^2C Series Bus

By describing the technique of port connection and flow chart ofR/W operation between 24LC01, serial E2PROM, and EM78P447A, features of EM78P447 and its connection with I2C serial bus are introduced. In the end, the programe of writing operation is given.

Critical Discourse Analysis of City Cultural Identity Construction—A Case Study of Video Xi tang

With the rapid development of science and technology,video has become a very important way to demonstrate the city itself.This paper,based on Fairclough's three-dimensional conception of discourse to the video of Xitang,analyzes the on-screen titles of this video to reveal the ideology behind it.Through the analysis,it points out that this video,while protecting Xitang's own unique traditional characteristics,it tries to cater for the needs not only Chinese people but also foreigners.To some extent,it tries to promote Xitang itself.

基于C-Bus现场总线的照明控制系统设计

针对某工程提出了基于C-Bus的照明控制方式,阐述了C-Bus技术的应用及系统升级的优越性,并展望C-Bus的照明控制方式的前景。

BusTechn

Introduced the characteristics of series communicat io n I 2C bus and basic communication protocol, and introduced the application of the bus I 2C according to the image sensor OV7610.The computer correspondence s tyle can be divided the parallel correspondence and the series correspondence. T he rate of series correspondence is rapid, and the property of real time is exce llent. Because the number of ports which it takes is great, it is not proper to miniaturize. Whereas the rate of series correspondence is low, but when the corr espondence of data is not great, it is simpleconvenient and agile to dispose t he circuit. Commonly series correspondence divide synchronization correspondence and asynchronies correspondence. The standard of interface RC232 is series asyn chronies correspondence. Recently the standard of bus I 2C is adopted widely in the micro-electronics correspondence realm, it is a special form of synchr onization correspondence. I 2C bus is a two-cabledouble-direction series co rrespondence bus. The address of the machine is set in hardware, and software pe rform the search of the address instead of hardware. So it reduce the number of the corresponding cable, moreover it predigest the design of the hardware. It resolve many interface problems in design of numeric circuit. More and more se miconductor manufacturer accept the standard. Its characteristics can be listed as followed. In text, the image sensor OV7610 is introduced as the example the bus I 2C appl ication.

浅谈科技馆中C-BUS系统在照明中的应用

通过对科技馆中C-BUS系统的硬、软件构成及应用介绍,论述了其在照明中的应用。

Assessment of Phytosanitary Practices in Peri-Urban Agriculture and Associated Environmental and Health Impacts in Developing Countries: Case of Abengourou City (Côte d’Ivoire)

The use of phytosanitary products remains uncontrolled and abusive in the practice of market gardening in most developing countries. However, it remains one of the potential sources of environmental contamination and public health problems. This study examines the health and environmental risks associated with the use of phytosanitary products in market gardening in the town of Abengourou in Cote d’Ivoire. Field surveys carried out among all (30) market gardener sites housed 150 farmers showed that when the products were spread, no health and safety measures were observed. Approximately 80% of the respondents did not wear gloves or face masks. Some products used were not approved for market gardening. Farmers had itching, dizziness, headaches, colds and vomiting on a regular basis when applying the products. The study also revealed the presence of empty packaging in the surrounding surface water and on the ground. In addition to producers, this type of uncontrolled market gardening likely exposes consumers to high health risks and also contributes to environmental degradation. Raising awareness among stakeholders of good agricultural practices could help promote sustainable market gardening. However, studies of the effects of products in such an environment on the health of consumers deserve to be carried out.

重庆市C县医务人员精神卫生知识及对精神疾病态度的调查

目的了解重庆市C县医务人员对精神卫生知识的知晓程度以及对精神疾病的态度。方法于2022年10月选取重庆市C县739名医务人员作为研究对象,以自制的一般情况调查表、精神卫生与心理保健知识问卷和精神疾病有关态度问卷进行评定。多元逐步回归分析探讨重庆市C县医务人员精神卫生知识知晓度及精神疾病态度的影响因素。结果重庆市C县医务人员精神卫生知识总体知晓率为79.2%。重庆市C县医务人员对精神疾病的态度中不同性别、职称和岗位得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。将性别、职称作为自变量,精神疾病态度具体评分作为因变量,经线性回归分析结果表明性别、职称是精神疾病态度得分的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论重庆市C县医务人员精神卫生知识知晓率有待提高,部分医务人员对精神疾病患者存在歧视,应加强对医务人员的精神卫生培训工作。