A^(2)O-BAF对生活污水脱氮能力及微生物群落特性的研究

对比研究不同流量下A^(2)O和A^(2)O-BAF系统的脱氮性能和功能微生物多样性。结果表明,高进水流量冲击时A^(2)O-BAF系统的微生物较A^(2)O系统更丰富,少量的硝化菌(1%)即可发挥较强的硝化作用,且硝化、反硝化效率更稳定、适应冲击负荷的能力更强。系统中Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Actinobacteria等门类发挥主要的硝化反、硝化作用。进一步研究了滤池不同层深的陶粒附着生物膜量及微生物多样性,探讨陶粒附着生物膜与层深之间的关系,以及对废水处理效果的影响。为优化废水处理系统的设计、提高污水处理效率、减少运营成本提供参考。

A^(2)/O-BAF工艺短程硝化模式下反硝化除磷效能

采用厌氧/缺氧/好氧-曝气生物滤池(A^(2)/O-BAF)工艺处理低C/N城市污水,研究硝化液回流比为0、50%、100%、150%和200%时该工艺脱氮除磷效能。结果表明,在A^(2)/O中控制污泥龄(SRT)为15d,水力停留时间(HRT)为10h,好氧段溶解氧(DO)为2.0mg/L;BAF中控制HRT为3h、好氧/缺氧曝停时间比为50min∶10min以及硝化液回流比R=200%的条件下,进水COD、TN、NH_(4)^(+)-N和PO_(4)^(3-)-P的浓度分别为232.61mg/L、53.99mg/L、52.20mg/L和5.54mg/L,系统出水中COD、TN、NH_(4)^(+)-N和PO_(4)^(3-)-P的浓度分别为34.11mg/L、12.44mg/L、1.01mg/L和0.34mg/L,亚硝积累率(Ni AR)高达95.20%。出水NO_(2)^(-)-N回流至A^(2)/O缺氧段后,缺氧段出水的PO_(4)^(3-)-P含量下降至2.68mg/L,反硝化除磷(DPR)对系统PO_(4)^(3-)-P的去除贡献达75.42%。批次试验表明,A^(2)/O反应器中的除磷菌在厌氧120min后释磷量达到36.35mg/L,缺氧条件下以NO_(2)^(-)-N为电子受体的反应中吸磷量为26.28mg/L,吸磷率为72.30%,以NO_(2)^(-)-N为电子受体的反硝化除磷菌(DPB)占总除磷菌的72.91%。

Microbial community structure in an integrated A/O reactor treating diluted livestock wastewater during start-up period

In order to investigate the correlation between reactor performance and the microorganisms,an integrated A/O reactor was operated for 72 days to treat diluted livestock wastewater.Chemical oxygen demand （COD） removal efficiency increased from 79% to 94%,with total nitrogen （TN） removal efficiency from 37% to 50% （HRT 7.4 hr） when the influent COD and TN were ca.1500 mg/L and 95 mg/L,respectively,and the outlet COD concentration was less than 100 mg/L at the end.Microbial community was monitored during start-up period by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） based on 16S rRNA gene.DGGE profiles showed that microbial community had changed significantly during the start-up and these shifts were in accordance with the reactor performance.UPGMA clustering analysis showed that 14 anaerobic samples fell into five main groups and so did the aerobic ones,but the grouping patterns were different.Phylogenetic analysis indicated that microbial populations in the anaerobic compartment belonged to Firmicutes,Proteobacteria,Chloroflexi and Bacteroidetes,while Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Firmicutes,Verrucomicrobiae and Nitrospira were present in the aerobic compartment.In the anaerobic compartment,more fermentative and acetogenic bacteria were detected during the start-up while denitrifying bacteria faded away.Two functional populations such as Nitrospira defluvii and Dechloromonas denitrificans were observed when nitrogen removal was high,indicating that simultaneous nitrification and denitrification occurred in the aerobic compartment.

Integrated System of Solar Cells with Hierarchical NiCo2O4 Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid Devices for Self-Driving Light-Emitting Diodes

An integrated system has been provided with a-Si/H solar cells as energy conversion device,NiCo2O4 battery-supercapacitor hybrid(BSH)as energy storage device,and light emitting diodes(LEDs)as energy utilization device.By designing three-dimensional hierarchical NiCo2O4 arrays as faradic electrode,with capacitive electrode of active carbon(AC),BSHs were assembled with energy density of 16.6 Wh kg-1,power density of 7285 W kg-1,long-term stability with 100% retention after 15,000 cycles,and rather low self-discharge.The NiCo2O4//AC BSH was charged to 1.6 V in 1 s by solar cells and acted as reliable sources for powering LEDs.The integrated system is rational for operation,having an overall efficiency of 8.1% with storage efficiency of 74.24%.The integrated system demonstrates a stable solar power conversion,outstanding energy storage behavior,and reliable light emitting.Our study offers a precious strategy to design a self-driven integrated system for highly efficient energy utilization.

Integrated Co3O4/carbon fiber paper for high-performance anode of dual-ion battery

In dual-ion batteries (DIBs), energy storage is achieved by intercalation/de-intercalation of both cations and anions. Due to the mismatch between ion diameter and layer space of active materials, however, volume expansion and exfoliation always occur for electrode materials. Herein, an integrated electrode Co3O4/carbon fiber paper (CFP) is prepared as the anode of DIB. As the Co3O4 nanosheets grow on CFP substrate vertically, it promotes the immersion of electrolyte and shortens the pathway for ionic transport. Besides, the strong interaction between Co3O4 and CFP substrate reduces the possibility of sheet exfoliation. An integrated-electrode-based DIB is therefore packaged using Co3O4/CFP as anode and graphite as cathode. As a result, a high energy density of 72 Wh/kg is achieved at a power density of 150 W/kg. The design of integrated electrode provides a new route for the development of high-performance DIBs.

High density Al2O3/TaN-based metal-insulatormetal capacitors in application to radio equency integrated circuits

Metal-insulator-metal （MIM） capacitors with atomic-layer-deposited Al2O3 dielectric and reactively sputtered TaN electrodes in application to radio frequency integrated circuits have been characterized electrically. The capacitors exhibit a high density of about 6.05 fF/μm^2, a small leakage current of 4.8 × 10^-8 A/cm^2 at 3 V, a high breakdown electric field of 8.61 MV/cm as well as acceptable voltage coefficients of capacitance （VCCs） of 795 ppm/V2 and 268ppm/V at 1 MHz. The observed properties should be attributed to high-quality Al2O3 film and chemically stable TaN electrodes. Further, a logarithmically linear relationship between quadratic VCC and frequency is observed due to the change of relaxation time with carrier mobility in the dielectric. The conduction mechanism in the high field ranges is dominated by the Poole-Frenkel emission, and the leakage current in the low field ranges is likely to be associated with trap-assisted tunnelling. Meanwhile, the Al2O3 dielectric presents charge trapping under low voltage stresses, and defect generation under high voltage stresses, and it has a hard-breakdown performance.

Development of Specialized Courses and Establishment of Teaching Materials in Nursing of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine

Since the Third Plenary Session of the 11 thCentral Committee of the Communist Party of China( CPC),with the promotion and development of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),the pace of TCM nursing work has been accelerated in nationwide,and a group of integrated Chinese and western medicine nurses have been cultivated preliminarily. However,professional nurses of integrated Chinese and western medicine are still deficient extremely. The target of talent cultivation,based on the theory of "focusing on humanism,expanding diathesis,and enhancing practice to highlight the accommodation and integration of nurses of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine",is to cultivate competent,practical and interdisciplinary senior nursing talents with strong professional basis,skilled operations,rich humanistic literacy,and sharp innovative spirit who not only master modern nursing knowledge and skills,but also can perform comprehensive nursing under the guidance of TCM theory of holistic concept and syndrome differentiation and nursing. This study,through investigating and analyzing the settings of3-year nursing professional courses in about 20 senior medical colleges,including senior nursing education of TCM,reformed the development of professional nursing courses of integrated Chinese and western medicine and the establishment of educational materials according to the course settings and educational work modes,so as to analyze the current status of nursing education of integrated Chinese and western medicine,determine course targets,and establish course system and educational work modes.

YIG Thin Film for RF Integrated Inductor

The yttrium iron garnet（YIG） thin films prepared by the sol-gel method and rapid thermal annealing（RTA） process for integrated inductor are investigated. The X-ray diffraction（XRD） results indicate that the YIG film annealed above 650 ℃ is poly-crystalline with single-phase garnet structure. Moreover, it can be found that the initial permeability μi, saturation magnetization MS and coercivity Hc of these YIG films increase with increasing RTA temperature. Low temperature annealing after crystallization can further improve the magnetic properties of YIG film. Thereby, a planar integrated inductor in the presence of Si substrate/SiO2 layer/Y2.8Bi0.2Fe5O12 thin film/Cu spiral coil structure is fabricated successfully by the standard IC processes. Due to the magnetic enhancement originated from YIG film, the inductance L and quality factor Q of the inductor with YIG film are improved in a certain frequency range.

Optimized tillage methods increase mechanically transplanted rice yield and reduce the greenhouse gas emissions

Biaxia lrotary tillage in dryland(DBRT)can complete biaxial rotary tillage with straw incorporation,secondary suppression,and ditching,and it has been previously studied in direct-seeded rice and wheat.However,the effects of DBRT on the mechanically transplanted rice yield and greenhouse gas emissions remain unclear.To evaluate the effects of DBRT on improving the food security of mechanically transplanted rice and reducing the greenhouse gas emissions,we conducted an experiment for two years with wheat straw incorporation.Three tillage methods were set up:DBRT,uniaxial rotary tillage in dryland and paddy(DPURT),and uniaxial rotary tillage in paddy(PURT).The results showed that compared with DPURT and PURT,DBRT increased the yield of machine-transplanted rice by 7.5-11.0%and 13.3-26.7%,respectively,while the seasonal cumulative CH_(4) emissions were reduced by 13.9-21.2%and 30.2-37.0%,respectively,and the seasonal cumulative N_(2)O emissions were increased by 13.5-28.6%and 50.0-73.1%,respectively.Consequently,DBRT reduced the global warming potential by 10.7-15.5%and 23.7-28.6%,respectively,andtheyield-scaledglobalwarmingpotentialby18.2-21.8%and36.4-39.3%,respectively,compared to DPURT and PURT.These results were mainly related to the fact that DBRT significantly reduced soil bulk density and increased soil redox potential(Eh).Therefore,implementing DBRT in machine-transplanted rice fields is feasible,which cannot only increase the rice yield,but also reduce the greenhouse gas emissions.

Self-assembly of differentiated dental pulp stem cells facilitates spheroid human dental organoid formation and prevascularization

BACKGROUND The self-assembly of solid organs from stem cells has the potential to greatly expand the applicability of regenerative medicine.Stem cells can self-organise into microsized organ units,partially modelling tissue function and regeneration.Dental pulp organoids have been used to recapitulate the processes of tooth development and related diseases.However,the lack of vasculature limits the utility of dental pulp organoids.AIM To improve survival and aid in recovery after stem cell transplantation,we demonstrated the three-dimensional(3D)self-assembly of adult stem cell-human dental pulp stem cells(hDPSCs)and endothelial cells(ECs)into a novel type of spheroid-shaped dental pulp organoid in vitro under hypoxia and conditioned medium(CM).METHODS During culture,primary hDPSCs were induced to differentiate into ECs by exposing them to a hypoxic environment and CM.The hypoxic pretreated hDPSCs were then mixed with ECs at specific ratios and conditioned in a 3D environment to produce prevascularized dental pulp organoids.The biological characteristics of the organoids were analysed,and the regulatory pathways associated with angiogenesis were studied.RESULTS The combination of these two agents resulted in prevascularized human dental pulp organoids(Vorganoids)that more closely resembled dental pulp tissue in terms of morphology and function.Single-cell RNA sequencing of dental pulp tissue and RNA sequencing of Vorganoids were integrated to analyse key regulatory pathways associated with angiogenesis.The biomarkers forkhead box protein O1 and fibroblast growth factor 2 were identified to be involved in the regulation of Vorganoids.CONCLUSION In this innovative study,we effectively established an in vitro model of Vorganoids and used it to elucidate new mechanisms of angiogenesis during regeneration,facilitating the development of clinical treatment strategies.

A^(2)/O一体化设备在农村生活污水处理中的应用

随着我国大力实施乡村振兴战略,农村生活污水治理不断推进。本研究基于A^(2)/O一体化设备处理农村生活污水的调试数据,考察DO浓度、硝化液回流比、污泥回流比等参数对工艺的影响,分析各参数相互影响规律,探究最佳运行参数。研究结果表明:A^(2)/O工艺处理农村生活污水最佳运行参数应控制DO浓度区间2~3 mg/L,硝化液回流比200%,污泥回流比100%。调控最佳工艺参数后,经处理后,出水满足《农村生活污水集中处理设施水污染物排放标准》(DB33/973-2021)表1中的一级标准,对A^(2)O一体化设备在农村生活污水治理中的应用提供案例支撑和经验借鉴。

焦化废水中COD和氨氮的检测与处理

为解决传统焦化废水治理方法在实际应用中存在治理效果不佳、不稳定以及成本高的问题,在对当前焦化废水治理现状分析的基础上,分析了不同治理方法的优劣势,并重点对A1-A2-O-M工艺应用效果进行分析;提出了A-O-BAF工艺对焦化废水中COD和氨氮处理的思路,并对各个阶段的治理效果进行评估,得出该工艺从治理效果、效率以及成本等方面均强于A1-A2-O-M工艺的结论。

A/O一体式BAF处理生活污水性能实验研究

采用A/O一体式曝气生物滤池处理生态小区生活污水,以期实现污水的资源化利用.实验研究了滤池的气水比、水力负荷、A/O段体积比和出水回流比等因素对滤池工作性能的影响,分析了滤池硝化反硝化脱氮机理,通过生物膜内微观厌氧环境反硝化过程实现氨氮的最终去除,确定了滤池运行的最佳工作参数,结果表明:气水比18∶1、水力负荷0.3m^3/(m^2·h)、A/O段体积比1∶4、出水回流比50%时,滤池对COD、氨氮的去除率可分别达到78%、90%以上,出水水质达到GB/T 18920-2002标准^([1]).

A/O体积比对BAF前置反硝化工艺性能的影响

基于A/O法的BAF前置反硝化脱氮工艺同时具有A/O工艺和BAF工艺的优点,试验考察了4种A/O体积比(n)对生活污水中COD、氨氮及总氮去除效果的影响。研究结果表明,COD的去除率与n呈正相关;同时该工艺具有很强的硝化和脱氮性能,其出水氨氮和总氮均能达到城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB18918-2002)的一级A标准;当n为2/3时,该工艺对氨氮和总氮的去除率均达到最佳,分别为92.7%和70.4%;此外,在回流比为150%,进水流量为16.5L.h-1,气水体积比为4:1～6:1,水温为19.5～26.5℃的条件下,O段对TN的去除率7.2%,发生同步硝化反硝化现象。

A/O与BAF联用处理炼油废水

采用传统工艺处理炼油废水其出水常常超标,为此将缺氧/好氧(A/O)与曝气生物滤池(BAF)联用,取得了较好的效果,出水水质可达到或优于GB8978—1996的第二类污染物的一级排放标准,处理费用为4.02元/m3。

预处理-A/O-絮凝沉淀-BAF工艺处理煤制甲醇生产废水

介绍了预处理-A/O-絮凝沉淀-BAF工艺在甲醇生产废水处理工程中的应用。含氰废水中CN-质量浓度较高,通过氯碱反应将废水中90%以上的CN-去除;稳定运行时A/O系统抗冲击负荷能力较强,对COD的去除率达到95%以上,对氨氮的去除率保持在90%左右;BAF出水水质达到并优于设计指标,运行情况较好。工程运行表明,该系统处理效果好、性能稳定、维护管理方便,对同类型废水的处理有一定的借鉴意义。

高效A/O-BAF工艺处理合成氨工业废水回用工程实例

针对合成氨工业废水NH3-N浓度较高,CODCr、BOD5偏低的特点,采用高效A/O-BAF处理工艺,该工艺具有节约碳源和碱度、降低供氧量、节省能耗、降低投资和运行费用的特点,且抗冲击负荷能力强,处理效果稳定。工程运行结果表明,系统的CODCr的去除率在91%以上,NH3-N的去除率在95%以上,出水稳定达到循环冷却系统补充水的要求。

水解酸化—A/O—BAF联合工艺深度处理纺织印染废水

采用"水解酸化池—兼氧/好氧池—曝气生物滤池联合处理工艺"改造杭州下沙经济开发区某纺织印染企业废水处理系统,使得当进水COD、色度、SS平均值分别为1 580 mg/L、359倍、750 mg/L时,相应的出水平均值分别为41 mg/L、15倍、12 mg/L,去除率分别为97.4%、95.6%、98.4%,其出水水质能够满足该纺织印染企业的回用要求。

响应面法优化多级A/O+BAF系统处理生活污水强化脱氮除磷

为优化多级A/O(缺氧/好氧)+BAF(曝气生物滤池)系统处理低C/N生活污水强化脱氮除磷的关键运行条件,采用单因素试验分别研究了HRT(水力停留时间)、三点进水比例及BAF填料高度对系统主要污染物去除的影响,并以此为对照,通过BBD二阶模型中心复核设计多因素试验,采用响应面法分析上述三因素对TN、TP去除的交互影响,得出了优化运行条件与TN、TP去除率的模型预测值,在该条件下运行系统,验证了TN、TP去除率实际值与预测值的相对误差.结果表明:①单因素试验表明,当HRT为9 h、进水比例为5∶3∶2、填料高度为1800 mm时,多级A/O+BAF系统中主要污染物的去除效果最好.②响应面分析得出,三因素对TN、TP的去除交互影响显著;模型拟合回归方程得出,优化运行条件为HRT 8.5 h、进水比例5∶3∶2、填料高度1600 mm时,TN、TP去除率预测值分别为84.88%、94.37%.③验证结果表明,进水ρ(TN)、ρ(TP)平均值分别为68.8、5.4 mg/L,出水ρ(TN)、ρ(TP)平均值分别为10.61、0.32 mg/L,TN、TP实际去除率分别为84.15%、94.01%,与TN、TP去除率预测值相比,相对误差仅分别为0.86%、0.38%.研究显示,应用响应面法建立模型优化多级A/O+BAF工艺处理生活污水的方法可靠,实现了对氮磷的强化去除.

A/O一体式BAF深度处理城镇污水沿程生化特性的研究

采用缺氧/好氧一体式曝气生物滤池(A/O一体式BAF)工艺对徐州市某污水处理厂二级出水进行深度处理,在滤速为1.52 m/h、气水比为3～4,滤料层高度为500～2 000 mm时,设备稳定运行情况下考察溶解氧(DO)、pH值、浊度、COD,NH_3-N等各参数的沿程变化情况。结果表明:A/O一体式BAF对COD和浊度的去除主要在滤料层高度为400～800 mm的范围内,对NH_3-N的去除则主要发生在滤料层高度为1 100～1 700 mm的范围内;系统DO浓度沿滤料层高度呈上升趋势,pH值沿滤料层高度呈下降趋势,温度沿滤料层高度呈先下降后上升趋势。通过分析不同滤料层高度各参数的变化情况,间接反映了曝气生物滤池内菌种的空间分布特征,对确定BAF中碳氧化和氨氮硝化的最佳床层高度,对降低成本具有非常重要的意义。