NiMoRe/HZSM-5催化剂的制备及其催化脂肪酸甲酯加氢脱氧

使用浸渍法制备了5 kg NiMoRe/HZSM-5催化剂,结合X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电感耦合等离子原子发射光谱(ICP-OES)等表征手段对催化剂进行理化性质分析,并对该催化剂用于硬脂酸甲酯加氢脱氧反应的最佳条件进行探究。研究结果表明:相比3种商用催化剂,NiMoRe/HZSM-5中金属Ni具有较小颗粒,且分散均匀,BET比表面积(S_(BET))更大,为239.1 m^(2)/g,具有更好的催化活性。在温度260℃、0.3 g催化剂用量、反应时间4 h、初始H 2压力3 MPa的最优反应条件下,原料转化率和烷烃选择性均为100%,且催化剂稳定性较佳,第5次循环原料转化率仍高达96.1%,加氢脱氧(HDO)反应的选择性(S HDO/DCO),即HDO反应与脱羧脱羰(DCO)反应的比值由1.2降至0.56。将催化剂NiMoRe/HZSM-5用于脂肪酸甲酯无溶剂条件下的加氢脱氧反应放大实验后进行中试,采用2.8 L固定床对25 kg脂肪酸甲酯进行连续加氢性能评价,经过15循环后脂肪酸甲酯的转化率达到98%。

改良A^(2)O-臭氧-BAF工艺在地下式工业污水处理厂的设计应用

针对工业污水含特征污染物、可生化性较差,处理过程存在噪声、臭气等特点,以广东某工业园区地下式工业污水处理厂设计为例,介绍了全地埋式工业污水处理厂的进水水质特征与废水处理工艺和主要设计参数。工业污水经预处理+水解酸化+A^(2)O+高效沉淀+臭氧+BAF工艺处理后,确保出水能稳定达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级A标准。同时污水处理厂采用多种通风除臭措施,保障了操作人员的舒适度。地下式工业污水处理厂的设计不仅可以满足工业废水处理需求,而且也可以缓解用地紧张的压力,减少水厂运行过程中产生的环境风险。

采用改良A^(2)O工艺中型城镇污水处理厂碳排放特征研究

运用碳排放因子法,对汕头市4座处理规模相似但A^(2)O工艺各异的中型污水处理厂进行碳排放总量核算与碳排放强度分析。结果表明,采用不同A^(2)O工艺的污水处理厂总碳排放量存在差异,4座污水处理厂总碳排放强度范围为0.317~0.402 kg/m^(3)(CO_(2)-eq)。按处理工艺碳排放从小到大顺序为:多段AO、A^(2)O+厌氧/缺氧调节池、传统A^(2)O、A^(2)O+微曝气氧化沟。但不同处理工艺的碳排放类别组成相似,电力消耗为最主要的碳排放源。与传统的A^(2)O工艺相比,3种改良A^(2)O工艺在减小药耗、CH4排放、N2O排放和污泥处置碳排放源排放强度存在优势,其中多段AO工艺减小总碳排强度的优势最大,据此针对改良A^(2)O工艺的运行碳排优化提出建议。

A^(2)O-SBR工艺在城镇污水处理厂中的应用

A^(2)O-SBR工艺为A2O工艺与SBR工艺串联组合,为了探究A^(2)O-SBR工艺在城镇污水处理厂的应用效果,分析广西壮族自治区东兴市城东污水处理厂2021年运行情况,结果表明:厂区出水稳定达标排放,A^(2)O-SBR工艺脱氮除磷效果好;COD、NH_(4)^(+)-N、TP平均去除率为87.05%、97.23%、80.86%,最高去除率为97.55%、98.36%、91.21%;出水浓度相对稳定,A^(2)O-SBR工艺对上述三种污染物的去除率也相对稳定,对NH_(4)^(+)-N效果最好,全年去除率稳定达到95%以上;该污水处理厂平均处理成本0.53元/m^(3)。

FGD Franchising Pilot Project of Thermal Power Plants

According to the national policy on enhancing environmental protection,the five major power generation companies are required to carry out flue gas desulphurization(FGD) franchising pilot project in thermal power plants.This paper introduces the development of this pilot project,including the foundation,purpose,objects,demands and procedures.It also discusses some main problems encountered during implementation,involving the understanding,legislation,financing,taxation,pricing and management of franchise.At the end,it puts forward some suggestions and countermeasures with regard to laws,regulations,taxation policy and electricity pricing policy.

寒冷地区污水处理厂A^(2)O工艺改良调试与运行效果

为进一步提升寒冷地区A^(2)O污水处理工艺的运行效果,以位于寒冷地区的A污水处理厂为研究案例,研究1种具有多点进水、混合液多点回流特性,且适用于寒冷地区污水处理厂的改良型A^(2)O工艺,并从多个角度着手,确定该工艺的设计要点和运行技术参数等内容。从实际应用效果来看,该改良型A^(2)O工艺在寒冷条件下仍可取得较优的处理效果,可为后续相关工作提供参考。

城市污水处理厂A^(2)/O工艺调试运行实例分析

江苏某污水厂实际进水NH3-N值高于设计值。运营以来,由于部分曝气设施老化,好氧池实际泥龄短,生存的硝化菌数量不能实现氨氮稳定达标的要求而导致实际出水水质不能稳定达标。通过提高好氧段实际水力停留时间、活性污泥的培养驯化、改进生化池缺氧段等技术措施,提高好氧池硝化能力,使NH3-N及主要水质指标达到城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB18918-2002)一级A标准。因为污水处理厂工艺流程复杂就必须不断地进行调试分析,本文是以改污水处理厂为研究对象进行调试研究,并根据调试中遇到的问题提出解决措施和注意事项。

天然气净化厂Cansolv尾气处理装置废水处理

目的解决Cansolv尾气处理装置胺液净化单元(APU)废水高盐、高有机物与还原性硫的高浓水质特征影响水处理系统的稳定运行问题。方法详细分析了两个天然气净化厂的文丘里和APU废水的水质特征,其中,APU废水成分复杂,是影响水处理系统稳定运行的关键。采用臭氧(O_(3))、O_(3)耦合催化剂、臭氧/双氧水(O_(3)/H_(2)O_(2))3种氧化技术处理APU废水,通过废水中COD值和TOC值变化来评价有机物降解效果,研究了反渗透膜污堵原因和O_(3)/H_(2)O_(2)降解有机物机理。结果O_(3)/H_(2)O_(2)氧化技术为去除废水中有机物的最优方法,当200 mL废水中O_(3)质量浓度为22500 mg/L、H_(2)O_(2)投加量为2 mL、反应时间为60 min时,达到最佳处理效果,COD去除率为60.8%。结论采用O_(3)/H_(2)O_(2)协同氧化APU废水,能完全去除水中还原性硫,有效降低有机物含量,从而有效解决膜提浓装置污堵和蒸发结晶装置堵塞起泡问题。

基于FACTORY I/O的自动控制系统实验平台设计

信息化、智能化潮流对自动控制实验教学提出了新的要求。采用FACTORY I/O的3D FPS游戏模式来构建自动控制实验平台,以缓解当前实验缺乏被控对象的问题。针对“计算机控制技术”和“PLC原理与应用”课程,基于FACTORY I/O设计了被控对象,提供了5种实验模式;以水位闭环控制为例阐述了对象模型构建、通信连接、控制算法编制等核心环节;并给出了双容水箱水位控制实验结果,验证了平台设计的可行性。

Psychophysiological Effects of Bamboo Plants on Adults

The present study was conducted to clarify the psychophysiological relaxation effects of viewing bamboo on university students. Forty healthy Chinese participants enrolled in this study to clarify the psychophysiological relaxation effects of viewing bamboo. The effects of visual stimulation using a pot both with and without a bamboo were recorded by measuring the student＇s blood pressure, EEG and STAI. We observed that viewing bamboo plants resulted in significantly lower systolic（female, P 〈 0.001; male, P 〈 0.001; P 〈 0.05） and diastolic（female,P 〈 0.001; male, P 〈 0.001; P 〈 0.05） blood pressures, but no changes in the pulse rate（female, P = 0.09; male, P = 0.07; P 〉 0.05） were observed. The results of the EEG analysis indicated brainwave variation（all P 〈 0.05） and lower anxiety scores（P 〈 0.01） after 3 min of viewing bamboo compared with the control. These findings indicate that visual stimulation with bamboo plants induced psychophysiological relaxation effects on adults.

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Wild Tea Plants in Yunnan Province Using EST-SSR Markers

In this study, 27 pairs of EST-SSR primers were employed to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of 100 wild tea plant germplasm re- sources and 22 cultivars, according to the results, a total of 88 polymorphic bands were amplified with 27 pairs of primers; the variation of effective alleles accounted for 69.01% ; a total of 183 genotypes were detected, with a variation range of 4 -11 ; averagely 6.78 genotypes were amplified with each primer pair; Shannon index （I） of 27 primer pairs ranged from 0.32 to I. 35, with an average of 0.88 ; the observed heterozygosity （0.52） was basically consistent with the expected het- erozygosity （0.52） ; the average polymorphism heterozygosity was 0.48, which was very close to 0.50 ; the average Nei＇s index was 0.51, which was higher than 0. 50 ; the average polymorphism information content （PIC） was 0.52, which was higher than 0.50, indicating high genetic diversity among wild tea germplasm resources in Yuunan Province. According to the clustering results, based on geographical origins and genetic backgrounds, 122 materials were clustered into 14 categories. Dendrogram based on Nei＇s genetic distance revealed complex genetic relationships among wild tea germplasm resources in Yunnan Province. This study provided certain reference for subsequent preservation, development and research of wild tea germplasm resources in China.

Chemical characterization and antioxidative properties of Polish variety of Morus alba L. leaf aqueous extracts from the laboratory and pilot-scale processes

White mulberry tree (Morus alba L) is cultivated throughout Asia and Europe, including Poland. The leaves and root bark preparations from Morus alba have been used in traditional phytomedicine. The objective of the present study was to compare chemical composition and antioxidative activity of aqueous extracts prepared from Polish variety of Morus alba leaves at the laboratory (L) and pilot plant scale (PP) conditions. Proximate composition, phenolic acids profile (HPLC/MS), flavonol glicosides (HPLC/ MS), polyphenols (Folin-Ciocalteu assay), and the antioxidant activity (ABTS and DPPH assay) of the extracts were determined. The main phenolic compounds were identified as gallic, protocatechuic, phydroxybenzoic, vanillic, chlorogenic, caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic, and sinapic acids. Chlorogenic acid was the main phenolic constituent of both extracts. The flavonols fraction contained rutin, quercetin 3-β-D-glucoside, and kaempferol 3-β-D- glucopyranoside. Total concentration of phenolic compounds were 7.9 g and 14.4 g gallic acid equivalent/100 g extract, and antioxidant activity was 137.1 and 214.1 μMol Trolox equivalent/g dry weight for the PP and L extracts, respectively. We concluded that current pilot plant process is less efficient than laboratory process at the aqueous extraction of bioactive components from Morus alba dried leaves. Potential improvements may include increasing efficacy of the extraction, decreasing losses of bioactive components during the process, or both.

A novel technique for making open-cell Al_2O_3-ZrO_2 ceramic foam with plant seed template

The aim of the present research is to provide a technique for preparing open-cell Al2O3-ZrO2 ceramic foams with uniform cell size.This technique used plant seeds to array templates and centrifugal slip casting to obtain cell struts with high packing density.Aqueous Al2O3-ZrO2 slurries with up to 50 vol.% solid contents were prepared and the rheological characteristic of the slurries was investigated.Consolidation was performed at an acceleration of 2,860 g for 60 min.The effect of the characteristic of plant seeds on the drying behavior of Al2O3-ZrO2 green compact was analyzed.The effects of the solid contents of slurries on segregation phenomena of Al2O3 and ZrO2 particles and green compact uniformity were investigated.The compressive stress-strain curve and deformation behavior of Al2O3-ZrO2 ceramic foams prepared using plant seed template were analyzed.The results showed segregation phenomenon is negligible for highly stable slurry with 50 vol.% solid loading.The prepared cell struts of Al2O3-ZrO2 foams have high green density (61.9% TD), sintered density (99.1% TD) and homogeneous microstructure.When sintered at 1,550 ℃ for 2 h, the cell size of Al2O3-ZrO2 foam is approximately uniform and the diameter is about 1.1 mm.The porosity and compressive strength of sintered products is 66.2% and 5.86 MPa, respectively.

Response of nitrogen mineralization dynamics and biochemical properties to litter amendments to soils of a poplar plantation

Understanding the impact of plant litters on soil nitrogen （N） dynamics could facilitate development of management strategies that promote plantation ecosystem function. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of different litter types on N mineralization and availability, microbial biomass, and activities of L-asparaginase and odiphenol oxidase （o-DPO） in soils of a poplar （Populus deltoides） plantation through 24 weeks of incubation experiments. The tested litters included foliage （F）, branch （B）, or root （R） of poplar trees, and understory vegetation （U） or a mixture of F, B, and U （M）. Litter amendments led to rapid N immobilization during the first 4 weeks of incubation, while net N mineralization was detected in all tested soils from 6 to 24 weeks of incubation, with zero-order reaction rate constants （k） ranging from 7.7 to 9.6 mg N released kg-1 soil wk-1. Moreover, litter addition led to increased （C） 49-128% and increased microbial biomass carbon MBC：MBN ratio by 5-92%, strengthened activities of L-aspaxaginase and o-DPO by 14-74%; Up to about 37 kg N ha-1 net increase in mineralized N in litter added soils during 24 weeks of incubation suggests that adequate poplar and understory litter management could lead to reduced inputs while facilitate sustainable and economic viable plantation production.

In vitro screening of traditionally used medicinal plants in China against Enteroviruses

瞄准：到为从繁体中文药的新抗病毒的代理人的搜索，明确地 anti-enteroviruses 代理人。方法：在中国的超过 100 传统地使用的药用的植物的水浸膏(AE ) 与基于 MTT 的比色测定为他们的在试管内 anti-Coxsackie 病毒 B3 活动被评估。结果：为 16 植物的 AE 的测试在力量的不同大小展出了 anti-Coxsackie 病毒 B3 活动。他们能禁止三步(在激活，吸附和复制) 在感染期间。在 16 植物之中， Sargentodoxa cuneata (Oliv ) Rehd。et Wils， Sophora tonkinensis Gapnep， Paeonia veitchii 林奇， Spatholobus 几乎直立我们 Dunn。并且贯众属运气 i J。sm。另外对另外的 enterovirus 举办活动，包括 Coxsackie B5，脊髓灰质炎病毒我，回响病毒 9 和回响病毒 29。房间细胞毒素的试金证明所有测试 AE 比他们的 EC50 价值高有 CC50 价值。结论：在中国的十六传统地使用的药用的植物拥有了抗病毒的活动，和他们中的一些应得进一步的调查。

改良A/A/O+MBR工艺在全地埋式城市污水处理厂的应用

兰州市盐场污水厂扩建工程是黄河(兰州段)水污染治理项目的重要组成部分,设计规模10×104m^(3)/d(近期设备安装规模7.5×104m^(3)/d),采用“环境友好、土地集约、资源利用”的全地埋式污水厂建设理念,地下箱体结构为污水处理设施,地面上为景观公园。污水处理主体工艺采用改良A/A/O+MBR工艺,出水经UV消毒加次氯酸钠消毒后外排或回用,污泥采用离心脱水机脱水后外运处置。工程投入运营后,出水指标稳定达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级A标准。该工程的建成投运为黄河流域兰州段水质改善提供了基础保障,对改善黄河兰州段水系生态环境,推动黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展起到重要作用。

多级A/O工艺在污水处理厂提标升级改造中的应用

以成都市某净水厂提标升级改造工程为例,在投资及用地受限情况下,采用多级A/O+高密度沉淀池+反硝化滤池的主体工艺,改造完成后出水水质由《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级A标准提升为《四川省岷江、沱江流域水污染物排放标准》DB 51/2311-2016。本项目中采用的多级A/O改造模式及设计参数对未来类似工程具有指导意义,为推广多级A/O工艺提供现实价值。

Antimicrobial Effects of Plant Compounds against Virulent <i>Escherichia coli</i>O157:H7 Strains Containing Shiga Toxin Genes in Laboratory Media and on Romaine Lettuce and Spinach

Escherichia coli strains produce Shiga-toxins Stx-1 and Stx-2 that contribute to their virulence. The objective was to evaluate antimicrobial activities of plant essential oils (oregano, cinnamon, lemongrass), their active components (carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, citral) and plant-extracts (green tea polyphenols, apple skin, black tea, decaffeinated black tea, grapeseed and pomace extracts) against E. coli O157:H7 strains containing Stx-1 and Stx-2 genes, as determined by Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction, in vitro and on leafy greens. Antimicrobials at various concentrations in sterile PBS were added to bacterial cultures (~3 - 4 logs CFU/ml), mixed thoroughly, and incubated at 37°C. Surviving bacteria were enumerated at 0, 1, 3, 5 and 24 h. The most effective essential oil (oregano oil;0.5%) and plant extract (green tea;3%) were evaluated against E. coli O157:H7 on romaine lettuce and spinach stored at 4°C for 7 days. Microbial survival was a function of the concentration of antimicrobials and incubation times. All antimicrobials reduced bacterial population to below detection levels in vitro;however, essential oils and active components exhibited greater activity than plant extracts. Oregano oil and green tea reduced E. coli O157:H7 on lettuce and spinach to below detection. Plant-based antimicrobials have the potential to protect foods against E. coli O157: