改良A^(2)O工艺在两级生物滤池改造中的应用

厌氧生物滤池(AF)和曝气生物滤池(BAF)均属于生物膜法污水处理工艺,可以实现脱氮除磷。改造前,某城镇污水处理厂采用两级生物滤池(AF+BAF)组合工艺处理生活污水,冬季水温低至10℃左右,进水氨氮浓度超过60 mg/L,原工艺出水总氮浓度在20 mg/L以上,不满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)的一级A标准要求。本次改造采用改良厌氧缺氧好氧池(A^(2)O)+竖流式沉淀池+高效沉淀池+反硝化滤池的组合工艺强化脱氮除磷,出水水质能够稳定达标。

Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in a combined A^2/O-BAF system with a short aerobic SRT

A bench-scale anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic process-biological aerated filter （A^2/O-BAF） combined system was carded out to treat wastewater with lower C/N and C/P ratios. The A^2/O process was operated in a short aerobic sludge retention time （SRT） for organic pollutants and phosphorus removal, and denitrification. The subsequent BAF process was mainly used for nitrification. The BAF effluent was partially returned to anoxic zone of the A^2/O process to provide electron acceptors for denitrification and anoxic P uptake. This unique system formed an environment for reproducing the denitdfying phosphate-accumulating organisms （DPAOs）. The ratio of DPAOs to phosphorus accumulating organisms （PAOs） could be maintained at 28% by optimizing the organic loads in the anaerobic zone and the nitrate loads into the anoxic zone in the A^2/O process. The aerobic phosphorus over-uptake and discharge of excess activated sludge was the main mechanism of phosphorus removal in the combined system. The aerobic SRT of the A^2/O process should meet the demands for the development of aerobic PAOs and the restraint on the nitrifiers growth, and the contact time in the aerobic zone of the A^2/O process should be longer than 30 min, which ensured efficient phosphorus removal in the combined system. The adequate BAF effluent return rates should be controlled with 1--4 mg/L nitrate nitrogen in the anoxic zone effluent of A^2/O process to achieve the optimal nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies.

西安市第四污水处理厂A^2/O工艺的脱氮性能评价

通过对西安市第四污水处理厂A^2/O工艺中生物反应池(厌氧池、缺氧池、好氧池)以及二沉池中氮的组分及污泥硝化活性的测定,评价A^2/O工艺的脱氮性能。结果表明,二沉池作为A^2/O系统的分离单元,对总氮去除的贡献率高达13%^60%,脱氮机理主要是内源反硝化;污泥浓度对TN去除效果具有重要影响,当污泥浓度较高时,TN平均去除率为89%,当污泥浓度较低时,TN平均去除率为69%。二沉池中的内源反硝化脱氮可为我国城市污水处理厂高效生物脱氮工艺的设计、运行及提质增效提供参考。

Biological nutrient removal by internal circulation upflow sludge blanket reactor after landfill leachate pretreatment

The removal of biological nutrient from mature landfill leachate with a high nitrogen load by an internal circulation upflow sludge blanket （ICUSB） reactor was studied. The reactor is a set of anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic （A^2/O） bioreactors, developed on the basis of an expended granular sludge blanket （EGSB）, granular sequencing batch reactor （GSBR） and intermittent cycle extended aeration system （ICEAS）. Leachate was subjected to stripping by agitation process and poly ferric sulfate coagulation as a pretreatment process, in order to reduce both ammonia toxicity to microorganisms and the organic contents. The reactor was operated under three different operating systems, consisting of recycling sludge with air （A^2/O）, recycling sludge without air （low oxygen） and a combination of both （A^2/O and low oxygen）. The lowest effluent nutrient levels were realised by the combined system of A^2/O and low oxygen, which resulted in effluent of chemical oxygen demand （COD）, NH3-N and biological oxygen demand （BOD5） concentrations of 98.20, 13.50 and 22.50 mg/L. The optimal operating conditions for the efficient removal of biological nutrient using the ICUSB reactor were examined to evaluate the influence of the parameters on its performance. The results showed that average removal efflciencies of COD and NH3- N of 96.49% and 99.39%, respectively were achieved under the condition of a hydraulic retention time of 12 hr, including 4 hr of pumping air into the reactor, with dissolved oxygen at an rate of 4 mg/L and an upflow velocity 2 m/hr. These combined processes were successfully employed and effectively decreased pollutant loading.

北湖污水厂改良A^(2)/O膜生物池混合液回流系统优化

北湖污水处理厂有40×10^(4) m^(3)/d规模的污水采用高浓度改良A^(2)/O生物池+MBR组合工艺处理。为充分发挥其污泥浓度高、节省占地、出水水质好、自动化程度高的优点,消除其受混合液回流方式限制引发回流条件不好而导致生物脱氮除磷效果差的弊端,该工程提出一种混合液回流系统的优化设计方案,即采用改良A^(2)/O生物池混合液导流/分流装置。该装置由分流导流板系统、混合液导入系统及混合液导出系统组成,通过对导入及导出点所在的同一平面位置进行竖向分隔,形成两个相对独立的空间,在不同高度空间内实现不同分区之间的混合液导入与导出,从而构建出高效的混合液回流系统。该解决方案构思巧妙,简单易行,可广泛应用于各种具有推流结构形式、同步脱氮除磷及多级回流需求的生物池中,例如UCT工艺、VIP工艺、A^(2)/O及其各种变形工艺。该装置可节约能耗,提高生物脱氮除磷效果,北湖污水厂混合液回流能耗为0.0017 kW·h/m^(3),节能50%~85%,平均脱氮率为73%,最高达93%。

再生水生物污水处理及深度处理工艺择选研究

为了缓解研究区水资源短缺现状及满足城市可持续发展的需要,研究了再生水处理厂工艺中的生物污水处理工艺和深度处理工艺的择选,对比分析了污水处理工艺的各个方案以及深度处理工艺的相关方案。研究得出,污水处理工艺采用A^(2)/O、二沉池、高效沉淀池、纤维转盘滤池;深度处理工艺采用“高密度沉淀池+纤维转盘滤池工艺”。研究使得废水能够得到集中处理,减少了对城区环境污染,有利于城市环境保护目标的实现。

Anoxic phosphorus removal in a pilot scale anaerobic-anoxic oxidation ditch process

The anaerobic-anoxic oxidation ditch(A^(2)/O OD)process is popularly used to eliminate nutrients from domestic wastewater.In order to identify the existence of denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria(DPB),evaluate the contribution of DPB to biological nutrient removal,and enhance the denitrifying phosphorus removal in the A^(2)/O OD process,a pilot-scale A^(2)/O OD plant(375 L)was conducted.At the same time batch tests using sequence batch reactors(12 L and 4 L)were operated to reveal the significance of anoxic phosphorus removal.The results indicated that:The average removal efficiency of COD,NH^(+)_(4),PO^(3–)_(4),and TN were 88.2%,92.6%,87.8%,and 73.1%,respectively,when the steady state of the pilotscale A^(2)/O OD plant was reached during 31–73 d,demonstrating a good denitrifying phosphorus removal performance.Phosphorus uptake took place in the anoxic zone by poly-phosphorus accumulating organisms NO^(-)_(2) could be used as electron receptors in denitrifying phosphorus removal,and the phosphorus uptake rate with NO^(-)_(2) as the electron receptor was higher than that with NO^(–)_(3) when the initial concentration of either NO^(-)_(2) or NO^(–)_(3) was 40 mg/L.

Effect of short-term atrazine addition on the performance of an anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process

In this study,an anaerobic/anoxic/oxic(A^(2)O)wastewater treatment process was implemented to treat domestic wastewater with short-term atrazine addition.The results provided an evaluation on the effects of an accidental pollution on the operation of a wastewater treatment plant(WWTP)in relation to Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD)and biological nutrient removal.Domestic wastewater with atrazine addition in 3 continuous days was treated when steady biological nutrient removal was achieved in the A^(2)O process.The concentrations of atrazine were 15,10,and 5 mg%L–1 on days 1,2 and 3,respectively.The results showed that atrazine addition did not affect the removal of COD.The specific NH4þoxidation rate and NO3–reduction rate decreased slightly due to the short-term atrazine addition.However,it did not affect the nitrogen removal due to the high nitrification and denitrification capacity of the system.Total nitrogen(TN)removal was steady,and more than 70%was removed during the period studied.The phosphorus removal rate was not affected by the short-term addition of atrazine under the applied experimental conditions.However,more poly-hydroxy-alkanoate(PHA)was generated and utilized during atrazine addition.The results of the oxygen uptake rate(OUR)showed that the respiration of nitrifiers decreased significantly,while the activity of carbon utilizers had no obvious change with the atrazine addition.Atrazine was not removed with the A^(2)O process,even via absorption by the activated sludge in the process of the short-term addition of atrazine.

污水处理厂多模式生物反应池的设计应用分析

某污水处理厂二期工程设计规模为5×10^(4)m^(3)/d。设计采用多模式生物反应池,可按照A-A^(2)/O、倒置A^(2)/O、Bardenpho、侧流硝化和侧流污泥水解等多种模式运行。实际运行结果表明,在未投加碳源和化学药剂的情况下,该工程出水水质可以达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918—2002)的一级A标准,后续还有进一步提升的空间。