长期水淹条件下香根草(Vetiveria zizanioides)、菖蒲(Acorus calamus)和空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)的存活及生长响应

人工构建三峡库区消落区植被是控制消落区水土流失、保护消落区生态环境的重要措施,选择能够耐受长时间完全水淹的植物物种是该措施实施的关键。为了验证香根草、菖蒲、空心莲子草能否用于消落区植被的构建,实验模拟消落区的长期完全水淹条件,设置30d、60d、90d、120d、150d和180d等6个完全水淹时间水平,研究了3种植物在完全水淹条件下生长、生物量积累及存活状况。结果发现:(1)3种植物在经受长时间的完全水淹后有较高的存活率,180d全淹处理后,香根草、菖蒲和空心莲子草的存活率分别为87.5%、100%和50%。(2)这3种植物有不同的水下生长能力。全淹条件下,香根草生长缓慢,几乎没有产生新的叶片,总叶长也没有显著变化;菖蒲能够持续产生较对照植株更为细长的叶片,空心莲子草只在水淹初期(30d内)能够快速伸长地上部分的枝条,并迅速产生新叶片,但随水淹时间的延长,总枝条长及总叶片数没有再显著增加。(3)与对照植株相比,全淹处理抑制了3种植物总生物量的增加,但对3种植物的地上、地下部分生物量抑制程度不同。全淹条件下,香根草的地上部分和地下部分生物量与水淹0d水平(水淹处理开始前一天,下同)相比无显著变化,根冠比高于对照植株;菖蒲的地上部分生物量随水淹时间延长而降低,但却高于对照植株,地下部分生物量始终低于水淹0d水平,根冠比低于对照植株;空心莲子草的地上部分生物量与水淹0d水平相比无显著差异,但地下部分生物量与水淹0d水平相比大幅降低,根冠比低于对照植株。结果表明,这3种植物都有很强的水淹耐受能力,可应用于三峡库区消落区植被的构建。同时,发现植物对长期完全水淹的耐受能力很大程度上与植株在水下的生长情况及植株的营养储备水平相关,剧烈的水下生长会消耗大量的营养储备,进而造成植株存活率降低。植株在全淹条件下有限的生长能力及丰富的营养储备可能是耐淹物种的重要特征。

高氮磷胁迫下菖蒲(Acorus calamus Linn.)通气组织和根系释氧的响应

以湿地植物菖蒲为研究对象,在水培条件下观察3个浓度梯度的氮磷污水(处理组1、2、3依次为N:40 mg/L、P:4 mg/L;N:80 mg/L、P:8 mg/L;N:120 mg/L、P:12 mg/L)对其胁迫后的根系释氧和通气组织的变化规律,研究发现高氮磷胁迫明显抑制菖蒲株高和根系长度的生长,减少植物根系数量;高氮磷胁迫还可以增加植物根系释氧量和促进根系通气组织形成,由于根系长度和数量的减少,处理组的根系释氧总量不及对照组;高氮磷胁迫不改变菖蒲根系释氧趋势,根尖最大,离根尖越远释氧越小.研究还发现,根尖释氧量大小和通气组织呈正相关,根基和根中部释氧量与通气组织关系不显著,说明植物通气组织的形式更有利于根尖释氧.

淹水对菖蒲(Acorus calamus)根际氧环境的影响

为研究淹水对湿地植物根际氧环境的影响,选择典型湿地植物菖蒲幼苗(株高约15 cm、根长约6 cm)和成株(株高约40cm、根长约11 cm)在沉积物中培养并完全淹没,利用微型电机控制氧气微光极对菖蒲根中部根际氧浓度及组织内部氧浓度原位测定3周.结果表明:短期(7 d)淹水,菖蒲幼苗及成株根际氧扩散层厚度及氧浓度比对照组均显著下降;在淹水第14天,在幼苗根际未检出氧扩散层;在淹水第21天,成株根际氧扩散层厚度及平均氧浓度仍分别为0.34 mm和11.18%,并保持至淹水试验结束.淹水组菖蒲的根际氧扩散层厚度、平均氧浓度均随根组织内部氧浓度的下降而降低,其中幼苗3个指标分别由初始的0.22 mm、1.4%和50.3%降至0 mm、0%和32.9%,成株分别由0.64 mm、19.3%和64.6%降至0.34 mm、11.2%和55.3%,表明前2个指标的下降程度显著超过后者;淹水组菖蒲幼苗、成株根组织内部氧浓度主要受植株光合作用的影响,而对照组则受光合作用及气体交换作用的共同影响,淹水能在短期(7 d)内促进菖蒲成株根通气组织的发育,使其孔隙率从28.45%升至32.44%,并有助于维持根组织内的氧浓度水平,根组织内部氧浓度淹水组(65.6%)与对照组(67.1%)无显著差异.研究表明,淹水胁迫下,根组织内部氧浓度水平是影响菖蒲根氧扩散的核心因素,其中幼苗根组织内部氧浓度显著下降并威胁到自身存活时,其已无氧扩散效应,而成株根组织内部较高的氧浓度使其仍能保持一定程度的氧扩散.

Influence of the Repeated Flooding on Growth and Development of Acorus calamus Vegetation in Water-level-fluctuation Zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir

[ Objective] The research aimed to study influence of the repeated flooding on growth and development of A. calamus in water-level-fluc- tuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir. [ Method] A. calamus plants were exposed to water under the dark conditions respectively in Septem- ber 2009 and September 2010. Then, they were taken away from the water, and grew in natural conditions in the following March and April respec- tively （ marked as S1, S2, S1 and S2）. The plant number was conducted statistics respectively. On May 7, the leaf number was made statistics. Length, width and rapid light responding curve of the leaf were determined. [ Result] Repeated flooding restrained significantly plant germination un- der the dark condition. Plant number in S1 and S2 groups decreased by 38.9% and 33.3% respectively compared with the control. It also reduced survival rate of the plant. Plant number in S2 group decreased by 16.7% （P 〈 0.05） compared with that of S2 group when they were taken away from the water. Both of flooding promoted elongation of the leaves, restrained leaves to grow wider, and also restrained leaf formation of the plants except for S1 and S1 groups. Total leaf length of a plant decreased markedly after the second flooding which in S1 and S2 groups were 50.6% and 36.9% respectively less than that after the first flooding. Total leaf number of the plant in S1and S2 groups reduced significantly, and they were only 63.1% and 38.5% respectively of the control. Compared with the first flooding, total leaf length of a plant in the control increased signifi- cantly and decreased remarkably in S2 group after the second flooding. Furthermore, light response ability of the relative electronic transfer rate （rETR） in S1 group wasn＇t significantly different from the control, and rETRmax, in S2 group was significantly less than the control. Moreover, non- photochemical quenching （NPQ） decreased remarkably in S1 and S2 groups. It indicated that A. calamus had good restore ability of the light re- sponse, but restoring of its heat dissipation capacity was slower. [ Conclusion] Repeated flooding inhibited plant growth and population recovery of A. calamus under the dark condition.

Tatarinan O通过SMAD信号通路抑制TGF-β1诱导的非小细胞肺癌A549细胞上皮间质转化的研究

目的:探讨石菖蒲中木脂素单体化合物Tatarinan O(TO)对转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)诱导的非小细胞肺癌A459细胞上皮间质转化(EMT)及其迁移的影响。方法:通过TGF-β1诱导A549细胞EMT的发生。采用蛋白质印迹法、免疫荧光法检测E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、波形蛋白(Vimentin)、SMAD2蛋白和磷酸化SMAD2(p-SMAD2)蛋白的表达,以及SMAD2的核转位行为;采用划痕实验检测细胞迁移能力。结果:TO能够在A549细胞上抑制TGF-β1诱导的SMAD2的磷酸化,且呈剂量依赖性(P<0.05),并阻止其核转位。在25、50μmol/L的TO作用下,Vimentin表达明显降低,E-cadherin表达明显升高,与0μmol/L的TO相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),并进一步抑制A549细胞迁移行为。结论:TO可通过SMAD2信号通路抑制TGF-β1诱导的非小细胞肺癌A549细胞的EMT,降低其迁移能力。

Protective effect of rhizome extracts of the herb, vacha (Acorus calamus) against oxidative damage: An in vivo and in vitro study

The rhizome of Acorus calamus,an herb widely used in Indian system of medicine for many ailments including epilepsy,mental illness and rheumatism,was subjected to soxhlet extraction to elucidate antioxidant property of different solvent extracts using in vitro assays.The benzene extract was most potent in scavenging hydroxyl and superoxide radicals and in reducing 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power.In addition the benzene extract prevented oxidative damage to DNA and mitochondria.It was also effective in preventing stress-induced decrease in total plasma anti-oxidant activity as determined in vivo using rat model wherein stress was induced by exposing to restraint and forced swimming.The minimum effective dose of the benzene extract was 5 mg/kg body weight(oral),and at this dose,its effect was similar to the same dose of a standard anti-oxidant,ascorbic acid.The study for the first time,clearly demonstrates a potent anti-oxidant activity of A.calamus combining in vitro and in vivo results.Hence,the therapeutic value of this herb maybe due to its anti-oxidant property.©2016 Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.

Evaluation of antidepressant activity of methanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts of Acorus calamus L.rhizome through tail suspension test and forced swimming test of mice

Objective:Acorus calamus(AC)L.(Araceae)is an annual semi-aquatic and aromatic plant found in Europe,North America and Asia.Its rhizomes are often used by Native Americans,Americans,and Chinese as well as by other cultures.Ethnobotanical studies and documents have shown their use in various disease treatments,such as insomnia,mental disorders,diabetes mellitus,epilepsy,inflammation,asthma,neuropathic pain,and diarrhea.In this study,the antidepressant activity of methanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts of the AC rhizome part in mice was investigated.Methods:Three doses of methanolic extract of AC rhizome(MEACR)(25,50 and 100 mg/kg b.wt),three doses of hydroalcoholic extract of AC rhizome(HAACR)(100,200 and 400 mg/kg b.wt),and standards(imipramine,15 mg/kg b.wt and fluoxetine,20 mg/kg b.wt)was daily oral administration to the mice for consecutive 14 days.The extract effect on the immobility time was monitored by a tail suspension test(TST)and a forced swimming test(FST).Monoamine oxidase(MAO)levels were also analyzed using standard methods.Results:The optimum antidepressant activity was viewed at 100 mg/kg b.wt of MEACR extract and400 mg/kg b.wt of HAACR extract with 23.82%and 20.59%immobility period reduction,respectively.Besides,the extracts weakened the FST-induced elevation of MAO activity significantly and returned to near-normal levels of neurotransmitters in the brain.100 mg/kg b.wt or above of MEACR extract significantly prevented the MAO-A and MAO-B activities in mice brain at a dose-dependent fashion.But,just 400 mg/kg b.wt of HAACR extract prevented the activity of MAO-A and MAO-B.Fluoxetine and imipramine showed a tendency to prevent the activity of MAO-A and MAO-B.Conclusion:This study suggests that AC rhizome extract mediated antidepressant activity by modulating the central neurochemical and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis in response to FST and TSTinduced stress.Therefore,AC rhizome extract can be used as a valuable plant supplement to treat depressive disorders.

Population genetic structure and diversity of high value vulnerable medicinal plant Acorus calamus in India using RAPD and chloroplast microsatellite markers

Acorus calamus is a highly valued medicinal plant with global distribution used in several drugs of health care systems. We evaluated the genetic diversity and population structure of 50 populations of A. calamus from different geographical regions in India through RAPD and chloroplast microsatellite markers. From the total screened 82 RAPD primers and 18 cpSSR primers, 10 RAPD and nine cpSSRs were found polymorphic. The selected 10 RAPD primers produced a total of 96 reproducible bands, out of which 65 were polymorphic （67.70%）. Whereas, the selected nine cpSSR markers produced 26 alleles and all of them were polymorphic. The mean genetic diversity （H T ） among populations using RAPD （H T = 0.263） and cpSSR （H T = 0.530） markers was higher in comparison to the mean genetic diversity within populations. Mean coefficient of gene differentiation （G ST ） between the populations was also high for both RAPD （G ST = 0.830） and cpSSR markers （G ST = 0.735）, whereas the estimated gene flow was very low for RAPD （Nm = 0.102） and for cpSSR （Nm = 0.179）. AMOVA analysis revealed that more genetic variation resided among the populations than within populations. Significant differences （p 0.001） were observed between the populations and individuals within the populations. Cluster analysis of RAPD and cpSSR data using UPGMA algorithm based on Nei’s genetic similarity matrix placed the 50 populations into two main clusters. The implication of the results of this study in devising strategy for conservation of A. calamus is discussed.

Shoot drying and its cause in Calamus simplicifolius at Nanmeiling, Hainan, China

Many stems are subject to shoot drying in the plantations of Calamus simplicifolius Wei at the Nanmeiling Base of the Forestry Bureau of Baisha County, Hainan Province. As a palm, stems of C simplicifolius stop growing and later die if the shoots are dry. Generally, shoot drying means reduced cane production and reduced profit for a rattan plantation. We aimed to quantify the incidence of shoot drying and determine its reason. We sampled eight 20 m × 20 m plots in the C simplicifolius plantations. In each plot, we counted stems and categorized them as drying shoot or normal shoot, and mother stem or sucker stem. We measured stem length and categorized them as drying shoot and normal shoot for mother stems. We cut open each shoot-drying stem to determine the cause of drying from drying part to fresh part. The frequency of mother stems （259 stem·ha^-1）, was significantly lower than sucker stems （588 stem·ha^-1）. The percentage of shoot drying was 33.8% for mother stems, not significantly higher than that for sucker stems （18,9%）. The mother shoot stems were significantly shorter if they were drying than if normal. 80% of stems with a drying shoot were hollow within the leaf sheath, whereas 10% hosted lively mature larvae （one larvae per shoot） and 10% hosted several lively young larvae. Mature larvae were identified as the Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Oliver. To confirm the present of the weevil, three pheromone traps for the weevil were set up in the plantations and adult weevils were trapped on the next day and identified as the Red Palm Weevil. We conclude that shoot drying of C. simplicifolius is probably caused by the Red Palm Weevil.

In Vitro Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Curcuma longa, Acorus calamus and Camellia sinensis

The purpose of the current study was to determine the total phenolic and flavonoid content and total antioxidant activity of the Curcuma longa, Acorus calamus, and Camellia sinensis ethanolic extracts and their free radical scavenging activity. The study concluded that the Curcuma longa, Acorus calamus, and Camellia sinensis ethanolic extracts have a good source of phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant sources in turn which opens the high possibility of the extracts being used as food preservatives. The DPPH assay for scavenging free radicals showed that the IC50 value was above 123% of Curcuma longa ethanolic extract, 129.9% μg/ml of Acorus calamus ethanolic extract and 25% of Camellia sinensis ethanolic extracts shows very strong inhibition of the free radicals. Thus, comparing the DPPH assay for scavenging free radicals of Curcuma longa, Acorus calamus and Camellia sinensis ethanolic extracts with the positive control ascorbic acid, Curcuma longa and Camellia sinensis ethanolic extracts showed strong inhibition of the free radicals.

Intraspecific genetic variability,differentiation and evolutionary relationships revealed through microsatellite loci in seven economically important Calamus species

Population density,species richness and critical population parameters are crucial in determining the levels of gene diversity in dioecious species of the genus Calamus.The extent of intraspecific and intrageneric genetic variability in Calamus from the southern Western Ghats of India was studied using 26 microsatellite markers by sampling 227 individuals belonging to seven economically important species.The heterozygosity of microsatellite loci ranged from zero to 0.78.Average gene diversity within species was 0.13;in all species it was 0.18 and amongst species was 0.06.The Shannon Information Index was the lowest for Calamus metzianus(0.11),whereas it ranged from 0.16 to 0.26 for other species.The expected heterozygosity varied from 0.08 to 0.18.Calamus hookerianus and Calamu travancoricus showed the highest genetic differentiation(44%)revealed through Fst values,whereas the lowest(22%)was observed between Calamus gamblei and Calamu thwaitesii.Population structuring and phylogenetic analysis differentiated the seven species.Due to overexploitation and loss of rare alleles,small populations could lead to fertilization between closely related individuals,resulting in inbreeding and increasing the risk of extinction.This could be important for species such as C.metzianus where allelic polymorphism was 23%,whereas for all other species it was 38%to 46%.Genetic diversity“micro-hotspots”were identified from the protected area network of the southern and central Western Ghats with highest observed heterozygosity.Four microhotspots from the Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve and the Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuary may be possible for long-term conservation programs.The findings of this study lay a strong foundation for strengthening protected area networks,especially areas with intermediate levels of disturbance.

RNaseH依赖性PCR扩增结合熔解曲线法鉴别石菖蒲与藏菖蒲掺杂

目的采用核糖核酸酶H依赖性PCR(rhPCR)扩增结合熔解曲线分析对石菖蒲与藏菖蒲进行快速鉴定及相互掺杂检测。方法比对分析石菖蒲与藏菖蒲核基因组内转录间隔区2(ITS2)序列,寻找稳定的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点设计特异性扩增引物,根据扩增产物熔解温度(T m)不同进行鉴别,考察引物特异性,筛选最佳混合引物比例,并考察该方法灵敏度、掺混检出限及适用性。结果设计的特异性引物具有良好特异性,石菖蒲、藏菖蒲扩增产物可分别产生(89.4±0.2)与(87.9±0.2)℃的单一特异性熔解曲线峰。所建立的方法灵敏度高,DNA检出限均为0.1 ng,对石菖蒲和藏菖蒲的掺混检出限均为10%。检测样品28份,其中石菖蒲16份、藏菖蒲12份,检测结果与DNA条形码结果一致。结论该研究基于RNase H依赖性PCR扩增结合熔解曲线建立的石菖蒲及藏菖蒲鉴别及掺杂检测方法可有效鉴别石菖蒲、藏菖蒲及掺杂样品,有利于石菖蒲药材质量控制。

基于电子鼻和气相色谱技术筛选石菖蒲的质量标志物

采用PEN3电子鼻系统分析不同批次石菖蒲挥发油气味信息,并进行雷达图分析、Loading分析和主成分分析处理;采用气相色谱分析挥发油中主要化学成分含量,并对气味值和主要化学成分含量进行相关性分析,筛选其质量标志物。电子鼻气味分析系统结果显示,21批石菖蒲挥发油整体气味信息主要体现在W5S、W1W和W2W上;气相色谱分析结果显示挥发油中β-细辛醚含量最高,α-细辛醚次之;相关性分析中β-细辛醚与W2W具有显著的正相关关系,因此电子鼻结合气相色谱技术可以用来评价石菖蒲药材质量,β-细辛醚可作为石菖蒲的质量标志物。

石菖蒲化学成分及抗抑郁机制研究进展

石菖蒲为临床常用芳香开窍药,因其具有丰富的化学成分和强大的药理作用而被广泛应用。石菖蒲化学成分复杂,主要包括挥发油、黄酮、生物碱、醌及有机酸等多种成分。本文对石菖蒲的有效成分及抗抑郁作用机制进行综述与归纳,以期为研究石菖蒲的化学成分及药用价值提供科学理论依据。

人参、石菖蒲及其药对防治阿尔茨海默症的药理作用研究进展

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer′s disease,AD)病因复杂,发病机制尚未完全阐明,现有药物仅能缓解其症状,亟待研发有效的治疗药物。作为补虚药及开窍药的代表药物,人参及石菖蒲均有提高记忆力、改善学习能力及减轻认知障碍的药理作用,是中医治疗痴呆症的常用药物。人参-石菖蒲药对联用可促进活性成分入脑发挥药效,并通过抗炎、抗氧化应激、调节神经元-突触可塑性等多途径延缓AD进程,具有多层次、多系统和多靶点的作用特点。该文尝试总结现有研究成果,为进一步探讨人参、石菖蒲的联用,实现协同增效的作用机制以及配伍的量效关系奠定基础,为研制防治AD的中药创新药物提供科学依据。

铜富集菖蒲生物炭对烟气汞去除性能及机制

以铜(Cu)污染修复植物石菖蒲生物质为原料,采用一步热解法制备了含铜位点的石菖蒲衍生生物碳(Cu-BC),用于去除烟气中的元素汞(Hg0).结果表明,500℃下热解的Cu-BC(Cu-BC500)在100℃反应温度下表现出良好的Hg0去除性能(约99%).通过比表面积测试法(BET)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光谱(XPS)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等表征分析表明,Cu-BC500具有相对较高的比表面积,丰富的含氧官能团和高度分散的Cu物种.XPS和汞程序升温脱附(Hg-TPD)分析表明,Cu-BC500所吸附的汞在生物炭样品的表面活性位点形成弱结合态汞Cu-O-Hg或铜汞合金.最后通过生命周期成本分析推算Cu-BC500的成本为3.50元/kg.与其他材料相比,Cu-BC500制备简单、成本较低,研究结果将为促进水体修复植物的资源化再利用以及燃煤电厂的汞减排提供新思路.

6-BA、IBA、2,4-D对杖藤组培增殖的影响

研究了6 BA、IBA和2,4 D对杖藤组培物增殖的影响。结果表明,6 BA对增殖芽数、丛芽率和母芽高均有显著的作用,IBA和2,4 D仅对增殖芽数有显著影响。适宜于增殖培养的激素浓度分别为6 BA4.0mg/L,IBA0.25mg/L,2,4 D0.25mg/L。以此激素浓度组合,连续增殖培养6～7代后,平均的增殖芽数可稳定在10个左右。

中华天胡荽、菖蒲水提液对福寿螺的毒性影响及损伤机理

采用中华天胡荽、菖蒲两种水生植物对福寿螺(Pomacea canaliculata Lamark)进行生物防治研究,开展不同浓度梯度(0、0.10、0.20、0.30、0.40和0.50 mg/mL)水提液的毒杀实验及其作用机制分析。结果表明,天胡荽组(LC25、LC50和LC75)对福寿螺的毒杀效果均高于菖蒲组,并通过亚致死浓度中华天胡荽0.113 mg/mL(LC25)、0.220 mg/mL(LC50)、0.326 mg/mL(LC75)和菖蒲0.444 mg/mL(LC25)、0.587 mg/mL(LC50)、0.730 mg/mL(LC75)处理,发现中华天胡荽、菖蒲水提液处理的福寿螺耗氧率和排氨率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且处理组的氧氮比值显著降低;福寿螺头足部、肝脏部在亚致死浓度处理48h后,蛋白质含量(TP)、超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活性与对照组均存在差异(P<0.05);处理组福寿螺的头足部出现皱缩和侵蚀性絮状物堆叠,肝脏部表面干瘪、失去水分、质地松散,且表面组织脱落。中华天胡荽和菖蒲水提液对福寿螺毒杀效果明显。

基于网络药理学和分子对接技术探讨复方菖蒲益智汤治疗轻度认知功能障碍的作用机制

目的:基于网络药理学和分子对接技术探究复方菖蒲益智汤治疗轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)的药理学作用机制。方法:通过TCMSP平台和PubChem、Swiss Target Prediction数据库获取复方菖蒲益智汤主要的6味中药的活性成分和作用靶点,从GeneCards、DisGeNet、OMIM、TTD数据库获取MCI的相关基因。利用Venny 2.1.0平台将药物的成分靶点与MCI相关的靶基因取交集,利用Cytoscape 3.7.2进行“药物-成分-靶点-疾病”网络图的构建,并利用STRING平台构建蛋白-蛋白相互作用(PPI)网络图,然后利用Metascape平台进行KEGG通路富集分析与GO功能富集分析。最后利用Autodock vina V1.2.0对核心作用靶点及主要药效成分进行分子对接,验证它们之间的紧密联系程度。结果:复方菖蒲益智汤治疗MCI的潜在靶基因共178种。PPI网络图筛选出AKT1、TNF、EGFR、CASP3、IL1B、VEGFA 6个关键核心靶点,涉及7NH5、6Q00、8A27等关键核心靶蛋白;KEGG通路富集分析结果表明,AKT1、TNF、IL1B、VEGFA 4个关键核心靶点在AGE-RAGE信号通路中。分子对接结果显示,复方菖蒲益智汤的有效成分与上述6个关键核心靶点的结合活性良好。结论:复方菖蒲益智汤中主要的6味中药的活性成分可作用于AKT1、TNF、IL1B等多个靶点,通过调控AGE-RAGE通路发挥治疗MCI的作用。

藏菖蒲提取工艺优化及抑菌和抗氧化活性研究

目的优化藏菖蒲的提取工艺,并进行模型诊断和工艺验证,并对其醇提物和水提物进行抗菌和抗氧化活性测定。方法运用Design-Expert 12软件设计响应面法优化提取工艺,并进行模型诊断和工艺验证;利用平板扩散法和二倍稀释法测定抑菌效果;利用DPPH法、超氧阴离子法和总还原力的测定表达其抗氧化能力。结果藏菖蒲醇提物的最优提取工艺为乙醇浓度55.53%、料液比1∶40.04(g/mL)、提取时间58.39 min(实验调整为60 min)。藏菖蒲醇提物对大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、石膏样小孢子菌、红色毛癣菌都有较好的抑菌效果,藏菖蒲水提物仅对金黄色葡萄球菌有较好的抑菌作用。藏菖蒲醇提物和水提物对DPPH·、超氧阴离子、总还原能力的半数清除浓度(IC50)值分别为0.25、2.72、0.30 mg·mL^(-1)和0.32、2.77、0.33 mg·mL^(-1),具有较好的抗氧化活性。结论该优化工艺有效可行,藏菖蒲醇提物具有抗菌作用和较强的抗氧化活性。本研究为藏菖蒲资源的开发利用提供了一定的理论依据。