Dynamic Variation in Sugar,Acid,and ASA Contents of ‘Ganmi 6' Kiwifruit(Actinidia eriantha Benth) Fruits

[Objective] The variation of sugar, acid and AsA contents in fruits of ‘Ganmi 6＇ kiwifruit （Actinidia eriantha Benth） were investigated during fruit develop- ment. [Method] Kiwi fruits were randomly taken as materials every 15 days since 20 days after full bloom （DAFB） to 170 DAFB until in mature stage. [Result] The results showed that during fruit development of ‘Ganmi 6＇, the total sugar soluble contents had a rising trend with relatively stable at 95 DAFB, then rose until har- vest with the maximum content （10.35%）. The titratable acid content showed a trend of increasing, then declining, then increase to the harvest content （1.10%）. From the sugar acid ratio, we can knew it decreased in 95 DAFB, then up to the max （9.38）. The changes of AsA contents showed double ‘S＇ shape, decreased af- ter the first increased rapidly, slightly increased and then decreased in the early harvest. [Conclusion] It provided a theoretical basis for scientific cultivation methods to explore the nutrients regulation.

4种环境因子对少花蒺藜草(Cenchrus pauci florus Benth.)种子萌发的影响

本试验以少花蒺藜草种子为研究材料,通过设定不同的温度、土壤湿度、土壤基质和光照等条件研究环境因子对少花蒺藜草种子萌发的影响。结果表明:少花蒺藜草种子萌发最适温度为25℃,萌发最低温度为20℃,萌发最高温度为30℃;光照对少花蒺藜草种子萌发有一定影响,光照促进种子萌发;土壤湿度对其萌发有影响,最适萌发湿度为20%,最低萌发湿度为6%;少花蒺藜草种子萌发对土壤基质要求不严格,于沙土及草炭土中均可萌发。

兰花鼠尾草(Salvia farinacea Benth.)两类腺毛发育过程中超微结构的研究

电镜观察表明 :兰花鼠尾草 (SalviafarinaceaBenth .)的头状腺毛 (capitatetrichomes)和盾状腺毛 (peltatetrichomes)在超微结构方面存在明显不同 ,盾状腺毛的分泌细胞中占优势的细胞器是质体 ,而头状腺毛中是内质网和质体 ;成熟的盾状腺毛角质层下间隙明显 ,而头状腺毛不明显 ;盾状腺毛的柄细胞的侧壁出现完全的角质化现象 ,而头状腺毛则无 ;

不同激素配比对离体地灵(Stachys floridana Schuttl.ex Benth)芽增殖的影响

研究了不同激素单独或混合使用对地灵芽增殖的影响。结果表明,6-BA与KT配合使用可诱导茎段产生大量不定芽,但不定芽聚集短缩,难以进一步发育成芽苗。单独使用低质量浓度(0.5mg/L以下)6-BA或KT能够使地灵茎段得到有效增殖,其中KT的效果优于6-BA,KT对试管芽增殖影响比6-BA温和,KT1.5mg/L时仍未出现玻璃化现象。生长素与细胞分裂素混合使用时能够明显促进芽苗的生长,在含有0.5mg/LIAA的MB培养基中添加1.0～1.5mg/L的KT,增殖系数达4.20～4.67,为地灵芽增殖的有效激素质量浓度配比。

不同支持物对地灵(Stachys floridana Schuttl.ex Benth)试管苗生根的影响

以脱脂棉、琼脂、蛭石、河沙、壤土为支持物,在1/2MS+NAA1.0mg/L+6-BA0.5mg/L培养基上对地灵试管苗生根情况进行了分析。结果表明,支持物对地灵的生根有明显影响,在珍珠岩、琼脂和脱脂棉中地灵的生根率均达到100%,各处理之间差异不显著;生根质量以珍珠岩中最优,幼根能产生大量多级分枝,形成较为强大的根系,且不同支持物试管苗的移栽结果也表明,珍珠岩在地灵试管苗生根中是琼脂的理想替代物。

硬序重寄生(Phacellaria rigidula Benth.)花形态的扫描电境观察

扫描电境下 ,对硬序重寄生花的外部形态进行了观察。结果表明 ,硬序重寄生一鳞片叶腋内的簇生花发生时 ,首先同时出现大小几乎相同的 2个单花幼花 ;花被片外表面有许多较均匀分布的小乳突 ;每朵花的小苞片常为 3片 ,小苞片呈宽窄不等的三角形 ,其边缘因有较长绒毛而呈流苏状 ;成熟花药各有 2条室裂 ;花粉粒很小 ,具 3孔沟 。

两型豆(Amphicarpaeaedge worthii Benth.)地上、地下种子实生苗发育特性的初步研究

两型豆地上、地下都能结正常种子的特性较为罕见 ,本实验从地上、地下种子的萌发、出苗、植株生长发育、地下结实、及幼苗对短日照反应等方面进行了初步的研究。结果表明 :(1)地上种子存在硬实现象。 (2 )地下、地上种子播种都能正常出苗、开花 ,并结出地上、地下正常发育的种子。在昌黎地区 5月初播种 ,9月初开花 ,10月下旬收获。 (3)两型豆的幼苗属于子叶不出土类型。 (4 )地下种子的发育来自子叶节部位着生的地下茎及分枝。 (5 )两型豆是耐阴、怕高温的短日照植物 ,短日处理 (6 ,8,10 ,12h)可大幅度提早开花、结实。

Study on Characters of Hard Seeds of Amphicarpaea edgeworthii Benth. (Leguminosae) and Methods for Breaking Dormancy

[Objective] This study aimed to understand the characters of hard seeds of Amphicarpaea edgeworthii Benth. （Leguminosae） and explore the methods for break- ing dormancy. [Method] For both aerial and subterranean seeds of A. edgeworthii, the morphological characteristics were observed and the appropriate temperature for germination was explored. For aerial seeds of A. edgeworthii, the characters of hard seeds were studied, and concentrated sulfuric acid treatment, hot water soak treat- ment and mechanical damage treatment were compared to explore the methods for breaking seed dormancy. [Result] The aerial seeds were oblate and averaged 3.38 mm in length, 3.02 mm in width, 1.88 mm in thickness, 15.32 g in thousand grain weight, with a hard seed rate after of up to 98% natural maturation. The subter- ranean seeds were approximately oblate with a maximum diameter of 15 mm and a hundred grain weight of （50.08-58.26 g）; among all the treatments for breaking hardseededness, cutting seed coat treatment and concentrated sulfuric acid treatment for 20 minutes were the most effective methods, whereas hot water soak treatment was the least effective method; constant temperature between 20 and 30 ℃ was optimum for the germination of aerial seeds, and alternative temperature of 30/20 ℃ was most appropriate for the germination of subterranean seeds. [Conclusion] Cutting seed coat treatment and concentrated sulfuric acid treatment for 20 minutes were the most effective methods to break the hardseededness of A. edgeworthii.

The Effects of Temperature, Light and Moisture on the Seed Germination of Siphonostegia chinensis Benth

To explore the optimum temperature,light intensityand water conditions for seed germination of Siphonostegia chinensis Benth.,seed germination experiment were carried out under different temperatures(5/15,10/20,15/25,20/30℃),different light intensity(14h light/10h darkness,complete darkness)and different concentrations(0%,5%,10%,15%,20%)of PEG-6000 solution.In terms of concentration,5%PEG was regarded as the low level,10%and 15%as the medium level,and 20%as the high level.The results showed that(1)Germination rate,germination potential,and germination index were increased with the rise of temperature.In addition,seed germination was significantly higher under the dark conditions than that with the 14h light/10h darkness.(2)No seed germination occurred when the temperature was below 10/20 C at 14h light/10h darkness.(3)Under 14h light/10h darkness,the germination rate,germination potential and germination index first increased and then decreased with the increase of PEG concentration.The low concentration was more beneficial to the seed germination.(4)Under the condition of complete darkness,the germination rate,germination potential and germination index decline with fluctuation with the increase of PEG concentration.Seed germination of Siphonostegia chinensis Benth.was inhibited in high concentration of PEG.

RP-HPLC method for the quantitation of β-Sitosterol in Elaeagnus Gonyanthes Benth

Objective To establish an RP-HPLC method for the determination of β-Sitosterol in Elaeagnus Gonyanthes Benth.Methods The separation was performed on a luna C8(2)(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)column with the mobile phase of methanol-water(88∶12,v/v)at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,the detection wavelength was set at 210 nm,and the temperature of the column was maintained at 35 ℃.Results The calibration curve of β-Sitosterol was linear over the concentration range of 0.075-0.375 mg/mL(r=0.9999)and the average recovery of β-Sitosterol was 96.30% with RSD of 3.60%(n=3).Conclusion The method is simple,rapid,and accurate,and can be used for the quality control of Elaeagnus Gonyanthes Benth.

Production and Cultivation Technology of Selenium-enriched Pueraria thomsonii Benth

The cultivation technology of selenium-containing plant Pueraria thomsonii Benth was summarized from the producing area conditions,variety selection,field management and other aspects,which is of great significance for increasing the selenium concentration in humans or animals.

Optimization of Extracting Technology for Essential Oil from Elsholizia densa Benth

[Objective] The study aims to optimize the extracting technology conditions of essential oil from Elsholtzia densa Benth. [Method] Essential oil was extracted from E. densa Benth using steam distillation, and the effects of four extracting factors (grain size of the medicinal herb, ultrasonic time, soaking time and ratio of the material to liquid) on the yield of essential oil extracted from E. densa Benth were analyzed through the orthogonal test. [Result] The optimized extraction process of essential oil from E. densa Benth was as follows: grain size of the medicinal herb 50 mesh, ultrasonic time 12 min, being soaked in the water for 6 h, and ratio of the material to liquid 1∶16 g/ml. Under the conditions, the average extracting rate of the essential oil was 0.407%. [Conclusion] The optimized extraction process of essential oil from E. densa Benth was simple and practicable, and its extracting rate was higher.

Chemical compositions of the essential oil and calculation the biophysicochemical coefficients of the components of Hymenocrater longiflorus Benth. of Iran

The volatile constituents of the essential oil of Hymenocrater longiflorus Benth. growing wild in Kurdistan-Iran were investigated using the GC and GC/MS techniques. Fifteen compounds, representing twenty (97.03%) of the total oil were identified. The main components were: α- Pinene (22.47%), β-Caryophyllene (18.05%), β- Eudesmol (14.92%), α-Copaene (9.84%), γ-Elemene (6.79%), δ-Cadine-ne (6.13%), (–)Bornyl acetate (5.61%), α-Amorphene (3.84%), α-Fen- chyl acetate (2.35%) and β-Pinene (2.07%). Some of the physicochemical properties like the logarithm of calculated Octanol-Water partitioning coefficients (log Kow), total biodegradation and (TBd in mol/h and gr./h), water solubility (Sw, mg.L-1 at 25oC) and median lethal concentration 50 (LC50) were calculated for the 15 com- ponents of Hymenocrater longiflorus Benth.

Isolation and identification of chemical constituents of Pithecellobium clypearia(Jack.)Benth

The twigs and leaves of Pithecellobium clypearia(Jack.)Benth are used as common Chinese traditional herbal medicine to treat upper respiratory tract infection,acute gastroenteritis and bacterial dysentery.The study isolated nine compounds from the EtOAc extract,all of which were obtained from Pithecellobium Mart.for the first time.Based on 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR data,the structures of these compounds,including two ladiosiplodins and two dihydroisocoumarins,were elucidated.

Determination of Active Components of Lamiophlomis rotata(Benth.)Kudo by Ultra-performance Convergence Chromatography

[Objectives]To determine active components of Lamiophlomis rotata(Benth.)Kudo.[Methods]A new method was developed for the quantitative determination of L.rotata by using Ultra-performance convergence chromatography.The separation of active components of L.rotata was successfully achieved on Waters ACQUITY UPC column,with gradient elution carbon dioxide and methanol solvent at flow rate of 0.7 mL/min.The separation gradient elution rate was as follows:15%methanol 0-1 min,18%methanol 1-5 min,20%methanol 5-6 min,25%methanol 6-7 min,30%methanol 7-8 min,30%methanol 8-9 min,15%methanol 9-10 min.The conditions used in the separation process was as follows:column temperature 30℃;injection volume 2μL.Under the abovementioned conditions,the content of methyl glucoside was measured by 3D-full wavelength scanning.The validity of the method was tested by analyzing the precision,reproducibility,stability and accuracy.[Results]The results indicated that in terms of extraction and separation of compounds,supercritical CO2 not only has the diffusion property of gas,but also has the density and fluidity of liquid.[Conclusions]The ultra-high performance chromatography is a new technique for drug analysis.

5-羟基-6,7-二甲氧基黄酮抑制流感病毒诱导A549细胞炎症反应和铁死亡的作用及机制

目的 研究四方蒿中提取出的5-羟基-6,7-二甲氧基黄酮(5-HDF)对H1N1流感病毒引起的肺损伤的保护作用及潜在机制。方法 使用H1N1流感病毒感染A549细胞制作流感病毒感染模型,检测5-HDF的细胞毒性及其对感染病毒后的炎症和铁死亡相关指标及相关信号通路蛋白的影响。采用乙醇回流提取和硅胶色谱法从四方蒿中提取分离获得5-HDF,并采用NMR和MS鉴定其结构。采用MTT法检测不同浓度的5-HDF对A549细胞的毒性;H1N1流感病毒以0.1的感染复数感染A549细胞;采用流式细胞术检测5-HDF对感染H1N1流感病毒后A549细胞中TRAIL和IL-8表达水平的影响;Western blotting检测phospho-p38 MAPK(Thr180/Tyr182)、phospho-NF-κB p65(Ser536)、cleaved caspase3、cleaved PARP、SLC7A11、GPX4等炎症、细胞凋亡和铁死亡相关蛋白表达的水平。通过鼻腔接种50μL半数致死量(LD50)的H1N1流感病毒液复制小鼠H1N1流感病毒感染模型,以体质量变化率、肺解剖结果、肺组织病理形态变化为指标,考察5-HDF(30 mg/kg、60 mg/kg)体内抗H1N1流感病毒的作用。结果 MTT结果显示5-HDF在0~200μg/mL对A549细胞没有明显的细胞毒性(P>0.05)。流式细胞术和Western blotting结果显示,5-HDF能抑制H1N1流感病毒感染的A549细胞中phospho-NF-κB p65和phospho-p38 MAPK的活化,降低促炎因子IL-8的表达,且5-HDF能上调SLC7A11和GPX4等抗铁死亡相关蛋白表达的水平,并抑制凋亡标志物cleaved caspase3和cleaved PARP及凋亡因子TRAIL的表达(P<0.05)。5-HDF灌胃给药7 d,可提高H1N1流感病毒感染导致的小鼠体质量降低,降低因感染H1N1流感病毒而异常升高的肺指数,并减轻其肺组织病变程度(P<0.05)。结论 本研究推测5-HDF具有一定的抗小鼠H1N1流感病毒感染作用,可能通过增加SLC7A11和GPX4的表达并抑制phospho-NF-κB p65和phospho-p38 MAPK的活化,降低cleaved caspase3和cleaved PARP的表达,来减弱流感病毒H1N1感染A549细胞所引起的铁死亡、炎症反应和细胞凋亡。

基于Citespace的粉葛研究进展可视化分析

基于文献计量学方法,通过Citespace软件绘制知识图谱,以“粉葛”和“甘葛藤”为主题词,将采集到的1993~2022年377篇文献作为研究对象,对文献的发文量、作者、发文机构、期刊分布、等进行信息挖掘,并通过关键词聚类图谱、时间图谱、突现词分析等方法进行可视化分析。结果表明,粉葛相关文献年发文量总体呈现上升趋势,2020以来呈现快速增长态势。从事粉葛研究的主要机构包括江西中医药大学、广西农业科学院、广西大学等,合作单位和合作团队呈现明显的“地缘”和“学缘”特征。目前,粉葛相关文献40%发表在核心期刊上,其中,中医药类和食品加工类期刊收录的粉葛相关文献较多。研究内容从理论走向实践,研究热点从粉葛品质鉴定、粉葛栽培技术转向粉葛生药学、产业经济调研等;目前,淀粉、产量、多糖等成为突现关键词;关键词时区图结果显示葛根素、总黄酮、HPLC等关键词贯穿整个粉葛研究阶段,成为该领域的研究基石,反应了粉葛研究存在的一定问题。

草酸处理对采后银条褐变及能量代谢的影响

为研究草酸处理对采后银条褐变的抑制作用,并阐明银条褐变及能量代谢之间的关系,该试验采用10 mmol/L草酸溶液处理银条20 min,之后10℃下贮藏30 d,测定银条褐变及能量代谢相关指标,分析草酸处理对银条褐变的影响,并研究其与银条能量代谢之间的关系。结果表明,与对照相比,草酸处理抑制了采后银条褐变指数(browning index,BI)的上升及L^(*)值的下降,且在贮藏15~30 d差异显著;草酸处理显著降低了银条呼吸作用的增加,抑制了丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)和相对电导率的上升,较好保持了银条细胞膜完整性,降低了银条多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalanine aminolyase,PAL)活性以及总酚含量,有效减轻了银条酶促褐变发生;同时,草酸处理还提高了银条琥珀酸脱氢酶(succinate dehydrogenase,SDH)、细胞色素氧化酶(cytochrome oxidase,CCO)、H^(+)-ATPase和Ca^(2+)-ATPase活性,抑制了银条ATP、ADP及能荷(energy charge,EC)水平下降,维持了银条贮藏后期较高能量水平,从而延缓其褐变发生。相关性分析表明,银条BI与ATP、ADP、EC、H^(+)-ATPase和Ca^(2+)-ATPase呈极显著负相关,而与总酚、PPO、POD、PAL、AMP呈极显著正相关。综上,草酸处理抑制银条褐变的发生与提高能量代谢而维持银条较高能量水平有关,同时也与降低银条总酚含量、抑制褐变相关酶活性有关。

草酸处理对采后银条贮藏品质与细胞壁降解的影响及其通径分析

为探究草酸处理对采后银条贮藏品质及细胞壁降解的影响,该研究采用10 mmol/L草酸浸泡处理银条20 min(对照用蒸馏水浸泡),于10℃下贮藏30 d,定期取样分析贮藏过程中银条硬度、失重率、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、抗坏血酸、细胞壁组分及细胞壁降解酶活性的变化。结果表明,草酸处理显著抑制了银条硬度、可滴定酸和抗坏血酸含量的下降,减缓了银条失重率的上升,抑制了原果胶、纤维素含量的下降以及可溶性果胶含量的上升,显著抑制了银条贮藏后期(15~30 d)果胶甲酯酶(pectinesterase,PME)、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(polygalacturonase,PG)、α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷酶(α-L-Arabinofuranosidase,α-L-Af)、β-葡萄糖苷酶(β-glucosidase,β-Glu)、β-半乳糖苷酶(β-galactosidase,β-Gal)和纤维素酶(cellulase,Cx)活性,减轻了银条细胞壁降解程度,使银条贮藏品质得到提升。相关性分析表明,银条硬度与原果胶、纤维素呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与失重率、可溶性果胶、PG、PME、β-Glu、α-L-Af、Cx呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。通径分析结果显示,可溶性果胶、Cx、β-Gal、α-L-Af、PME、β-Glu、PG能促进银条硬度的下降,而原果胶、纤维素则有利于抑制银条硬度的下降,原果胶可通过可溶性果胶对硬度产生间接负向作用,可溶性果胶可通过原果胶对硬度产生间接正向效应,纤维素也可通过原果胶对硬度产生间接正向效应。由此可见,银条硬度下降与细胞壁降解密切相关,10 mmol/L草酸处理可抑制银条细胞壁降解程度从而维持其较好贮藏品质。

Chemical constituents of the unripe fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa

Aim To investigate the chemical constituents of the unripe fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa （Juss.） Benth. and provide a scientific basis for its quality control. Methods The compounds were isolated by silica gel column chromatography and identified by spectral analysis. Results Sixteen compounds were identified as evodiamine （1）, rutaecarpine （2）, β-sitosterol （3）, isorhamnetin（4）, evodol （5）, quercetin （6）, limonin （7）, wuzhuyurutine A （8）, evodirutaenin （9）, shihulimonin A （10）, wuzhuyurutine B（ll）, wuchuyuamide Ⅰ （12）, daucosterol （13）, trans-caffeic acid methylate （14）, dehydroevodiamine （15）and sucrose （16）. Conclusion Compounds 4, 6, 10 and 14 were isolated from the title plant for the first time.