Understanding host-graft crosstalk for predicting the outcome of stem cell transplantation

Mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs)hold great promise for tissue regeneration in debilitating disorders.Despite reported improvements,the short-term outcomes of MSC transplantation,which is possibly linked to poor cell survival,demand extensive investigation.Disease-associated stress microenvironments further complicate outcomes.This debate underscores the need for a deeper understanding of the phenotypes of transplanted MSCs and their environment-induced fluctuations.Additionally,questions arise about how to predict,track,and comprehend cell fate post-transplantation.In vivo cellular imaging has emerged as a critical requirement for both short-and long-term safety and efficacy studies.However,translating preclinical imaging methods to clinical settings remains challenging.The fate and function of transplanted cells within the host environment present intricate challenges,including MSC engraftment,variability,and inconsistencies between preclinical and clinical data.The study explored the impact of high glucose concentrations on MSC survival in diabetic environments,emphasizing mitochondrial factors.Preserving these factors may enhance MSC survival,suggesting potential strategies involving genetic modification,biomaterials,and nanoparticles.Understanding stressors in diabetic patients is crucial for predicting the effects of MSC-based therapies.These multifaceted challenges call for a holistic approach involving the incorporation of large-scale data,computational disease modeling,and possibly artificial intelligence to enable deterministic insights.

UV/Vis-based process analytical technology to improve monoclonal antibody and host cell protein separation

Process analytical technology(PAT) is gaining more interest in the biomanufacturing industry because of its potential to improve operational control and compliance through real-time quality assurance.Currently, biopharmaceutical producers mainly monitor chromatographic processes with ultraviolet/visible(UV/Vis) absorbance. However, this measurement has a very limited correlation with purity and quantity. The current study aims to determine the concentration of monoclonal antibody(mAb) and host cell proteins(HCPs) using a build-in UV/Vis monitoring during Protein A affinity chromatography and to optimize the separation conditions for high purity of mAb and minimizing the HCPs content. The eluate was analyzed through in-line UV/Vis at 280 and 410 nm, representing mAb and HCPs concentration,respectively. Each 0.1 column volume(CV) fraction of UV/Vis chromatogram peak area were calculated,and different separation conditions were then compared. The optimum conditions of mAb separation were found as 12 CV loading, elution at pH 3.5, and starting the collection at 0.5 CV point, resulting in high m Ab recovery of 95.92% and additional removal of 49.98% of HCP comparing with whole elution pool. This study concluded that UV/Vis-based in-line monitoring at 280 and 410 nm showed a high potential to optimize and real-time control Protein A affinity chromatography for mAb purification from HCPs.

Host cell protein quantification workflow using optimized standards combined with data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry

Monitoring of host cell proteins(HCPs)during the manufacturing of monoclonal antibodies(mAb)has become a critical requirement to provide effective and safe drug products.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays are still the gold standard methods for the quantification of protein impurities.However,this technique has several limitations and does,among others,not enable the precise identification of proteins.In this context,mass spectrometry(MS)became an alternative and orthogonal method that delivers qualitative and quantitative information on all identified HCPs.However,in order to be routinely implemented in biopharmaceutical companies,liquid chromatography-MS based methods still need to be standardized to provide highest sensitivity and robust and accurate quantification.Here,we present a promising MS-based analytical workflow coupling the use of an innovative quantification standard,the HCP Profiler solution,with a spectral library-based data-independent acquisition(DIA)method and strict data validation criteria.The performances of the HCP Profiler solution were compared to more conventional standard protein spikes and the DIA approach was benchmarked against a classical datadependent acquisition on a series of samples produced at various stages of the manufacturing process.While we also explored spectral library-free DIA interpretation,the spectral library-based approach still showed highest accuracy and reproducibility(coefficients of variation<10%)with a sensitivity down to the sub-ng/mg mAb level.Thus,this workflow is today mature to be used as a robust and straightforward method to support mAb manufacturing process developments and drug products quality control.

Advantageous tactics with certain probiotics for the treatment of graft-versus-host-disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT)becomes a standard form of cellular therapy for patients with malignant diseases.HSCT is the first-choice of immunotherapy,although HSCT can be associated with many complications such as graft-versus-host disease(GVHD)which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic HSCT.It has been shown that certain gut microbiota could exert protective and/or regenerative immunomodulatory effects by the production of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)such as butyrate in the experimental models of GVHD after allogeneic HSCT.Loss of gut commensal bacteria which can produce SCFAs may worsen dysbiosis,increasing the risk of GVHD.Expression of G-protein coupled receptors such as GPR41 seems to be upre-gulated in the presence of commensal bacteria,which might be associated with the biology of regulatory T cells(Tregs).Treg cells are a suppressive subset of CD4 positive T lymphocytes implicated in the prevention of GVHD after allogeneic HSCT.Here,we discuss the current findings of the relationship between the modification of gut microbiota and the GVHD-related immunity,which suggested that tactics with certain probiotics for the beneficial symbiosis in gut-immune axis might lead to the elevation of safety in the allogeneic HSCT.

Towards system genetics analysis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma using the mouse model,cellular platform,and clinical human data

Head and neck squamous cell cancer(HNSCC)is a leading global malignancy.Every year,More than 830000 people are diagnosed with HNSCC globally,with more than 430000 fatalities.HNSCC is a deadly diverse malignancy with many tumor locations and biological characteristics.It originates from the squamous epithelium of the oral cavity,oropharynx,nasopharynx,larynx,and hypopharynx.The most frequently impacted regions are the tongue and larynx.Previous investigations have demonstrated the critical role of host genetic susceptibility in the progression of HNSCC.Despite the advances in our knowledge,the improved survival rate of HNSCC patients over the last 40 years has been limited.Failure to identify the molecular origins of development of HNSCC and the genetic basis of the disease and its biological heterogeneity impedes the development of new therapeutic methods.These results indicate a need to identify more genetic factors underlying this complex disease,which can be better used in early detection and prevention strategies.The lack of reliable animal models to investigate the underlying molecular processes is one of the most significant barriers to understanding HNSCC tumors.In this report,we explore and discuss potential research prospects utilizing the Collaborative Cross mouse model and crossing it to mice carrying single or double knockout genes(e.g.Smad 4 and P53 genes)to identify genetic factors affecting the development of this complex disease using genome-wide association studies,epigenetics,micro RNA,long noncoding RNA,lnc RNA,histone modifications,methylation,phosphorylation,and proteomics.

Gut microbiome in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and specific changes associated with acute graft vs host disease

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(aHSCT)is a standard validated therapy for patients suffering from malignant and nonmalignant hematological diseases.However,aHSCT procedures are limited by potentially life-threatening complications,and one of the most serious complications is acute graft-versus-host disease(GVHD).During the last decades,DNA sequencing technologies were used to investigate relationship between composition or function of the gut microbiome and disease states.Even if it remains unclear whether these microbiome alterations are causative or secondary to the presence of the disease,they may be useful for diagnosis,prevention and therapy in aHSCT recipients.Here,we summarized the most recent findings of the association between human gut microbiome changes and acute GVHD in patients receiving aHSCT.

Detection and quantitation of host cell proteins in monoclonal antibody drug products using automated sample preparation and data-independent acquisition LC-MS/MS

Ensuring the removal of host cell proteins(HCPs) during downstream processing of recombinant proteins such as monoclonal antibodies(m Abs) remains a challenge.Since residual HCPs might affect product stability or safety,constant monitoring is required to demonstrate their removal to be below the regulatory accepted level of 100 ng/mg.The current standard analytical approach for this procedure is based on ELISA;however,this approach only measures the overall HCP content.Therefore,the use of orthogonal methods,such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS),has been established,as it facilitates the quantitation of total HCPs as well as the identification and quantitation of the individual HCPs present.In the present study,a workflow for HCP detection and quantitation using an automated magnetic bead-based sample preparation,in combination with a data-independent acquisition(DIA) LC-MS analysis,was established.Employing the same instrumental setup commonly used for peptide mapping analysis of m Abs allows for its quick and easy implementation into pre-existing workflows,avoiding the need for dedicated instrumentation or personnel.Thereby,quantitation of HCPs over a broad dynamic range was enabled to allow monitoring of problematic HCPs or to track changes upon altered bioprocessing conditions.

长链非编码RNA小核仁RNA宿主基因22调控微小RNA-27b-3p对口腔鳞状细胞癌细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移的影响

目的探究长链非编码RNA(LncRNA)小核仁RNA宿主基因(SNHG)22调控微小RNA(miR)-27b-3p对口腔鳞状细胞癌(OSCC)细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移的影响。方法收集52例OSCC患者的癌组织及癌旁组织标本,体外培养人正常口腔角质细胞HOK和3种人OSCC细胞(CAL-27、SCC-25和HSC-3),实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)检测癌组织、癌旁组织、HOK细胞和3种OSCC细胞中SNHG22、miR-27b-3p表达情况。对SCC-25细胞进行转染并将其分为Ctrl组(未进行转染)、si-SNHG22组、si-NC组、miR-27b-3p inhibitor组、inhibitor-NC组、si-SNHG22+inhibitor-NC组和si-SNHG22+miR-27b-3p inhibitor组,检测各组SCC-25细胞增殖情况[细胞计数试剂盒8(CCK-8)法检测增殖率、流式细胞术检测增殖指数(PI)];Transwell实验检测各组SCC-25细胞侵袭情况;划痕愈合实验检测各组SCC-25细胞迁移情况;双荧光素酶实验验证SNHG22与miR-27b-3p的靶向作用关系。结果与癌旁组织比较,OSCC癌组织中SNHG22表达显著升高,miR-27b-3p表达显著降低(P<0.05);与HOK细胞比较,CAL-27、SCC-25和HSC-3细胞中SNHG22表达显著升高,miR-27b-3p表达显著降低,且SCC-25细胞中SNHG22与miR-27b-3p的表达与HOK细胞差异最大(P<0.05)。与Ctrl组比较,si-SNHG22组SCC-25细胞增殖率、PI、侵袭数和划痕面积愈合率均显著减少(P<0.05),miR-27b-3p inhibitor组SCC-25细胞增殖率、PI、侵袭数和划痕面积愈合率均显著增加(P<0.05);与si-SNHG22组比较,si-SNHG22+miR-27b-3p inhibitor组SCC-25细胞增殖率、PI、侵袭数和划痕面积愈合率均显著增加(P<0.05)。双荧光素酶实验显示SNHG22与miR-27b-3p存在靶向作用关系。结论SNHG22在OSSC中高表达,miR-27b-3p在OSSC中低表达,SNHG22可能通过海绵化miR-27b-3p促进SCC-25细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移,SNHG22/miR-27b-3p轴可能是OSCC一个新的诊断和治疗靶点。

Cell-based therapies for neural replacement strategies in stroke-related neurodegeneration： neurophysiological insights into stem progenitor cell neurogenesis within a host environment

The restricted neurogenesis limits the brain ability to overcome neuronal cell death following ischemic lesion：Failure of the damaged brain to regenerate following cerebral ischemia results in functional deficits those are most often irreversible and can further deteriorate,causing mortality and severe disability,progressive memory loss and cognitive impairments,known as dementia.

Ocular manifestations and quality of life in patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

AIM:To explore the relationship between ocular and systemic conditions and the impact of ocular complications on the quality of life(QOL)in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(ALLO-HSCT).METHODS:Forty-four patients with severe hematopoietic disease were enrolled after ALLO-HSCT at our center from July 2018 to October 2020.They completed two questionnaires:the Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI)and the quality-of-life scale for Chinese patients with visual impairment(SQOL-DV1).Ocular conditions and systemic conditions were also assessed.RESULTS:Eye damage was correlated with total bilirubin(P=0.005),and gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT)(P=0.021).There was no significant correlation between the overall QOL score and OSDI(P=0.8226)or SQOLDV1(P=0.9526)scores.The OSDI and the overall QOL score were not correlated with ocular conditions,including best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure,Schirmer tear test II,sodium fluorescein staining,tear film breakup time,and tear meniscus height.SQOLDV1 was correlated with BCVA(P=0.0007),sodium fluorescein staining(P=0.007),and tear film breakup time(P=0.0146).CONCLUSION:In some patients,early ocular symptoms are not evident after ALLO-HSCT,while ocular surface complications can be observed after a comprehensive ophthalmological examination.Especially for those with elevated total bilirubin or GGT,regular ophthalmic follow-up visits are essential to diagnose and treat ocular graft versus host disease(o GVHD),especially for patients with elevated total bilirubin or GGT.

allo-HSCT后淋巴细胞亚群重建与GVHD及感染的相关性

目的探讨血液病病人异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)后外周血淋巴细胞各亚群的重建规律,以及淋巴细胞各亚群变化与移植后移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)及感染的关系。方法采用流式细胞术,检测32例allo-HSCT病人清髓处理前3 d和移植后14、30、90、180、365、730 d时的淋巴细胞亚群分布情况,并分析病人GVHD以及感染与淋巴细胞各亚群变化的关系。结果与移植前比较,血液病病人移植后总淋巴细胞、CD3^(+)T细胞、CD4^(+)T细胞、CD8^(+)T细胞、CD16^(+)CD56^(+)NK细胞、CD19^(+)B细胞重建的速度不同,其中NK细胞恢复最快,不到30 d就恢复至移植前水平;其次为CD8^(+)T细胞,约30 d恢复至移植前水平;CD3^(+)T细胞在移植后60 d基本可以达到移植前水平;而B细胞以及CD4^(+)T细胞恢复较慢,B细胞约360 d恢复至移植前水平,CD4^(+)T细胞在移植后730 d仍未恢复到移植前水平。移植后第90天,发生急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)病人5例,其CD3^(+)T细胞(t’=3.334,P<0.05)、CD4^(+)T细胞(t=3.836,P<0.05)和CD16^(+)CD56^(+)NK细胞(t=3.300,P<0.05)绝对计数均低于非急性移植物抗宿主病(non-aGVHD)组,差异有统计学意义。移植后第365天,发生慢性移植物抗宿主病(cGVHD)病人17例,其CD4^(+)T细胞计数低于非慢性移植物抗宿主病(non-cGVHD)组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.918,P<0.05)。与无感染组(n=5)比较,移植后第180天病毒感染组(n=6)淋巴细胞(t=2.441,P<0.05)、CD4^(+)T细胞(t=3.513,P<0.05)、NK细胞(t=3.728,P<0.05)、B细胞(t=2.937,P<0.05)降低;细菌感染组(n=8)淋巴细胞(t=2.535,P<0.05)、CD4^(+)T细胞(t’=6.726,P<0.05)降低,CD8^(+)T细胞升高(t’=-2.945,P<0.05);真菌感染组(n=4)CD4^(+)T细胞降低(t=2.579,P<0.05),CD8^(+)T细胞升高(t=2.423,P<0.05);混合感染组(n=9)淋巴细胞(t=2.195,P<0.05)、CD3^(+)T细胞(t=2.649,P<0.05)、CD4^(+)T细胞(t=3.728,P<0.05)、CD8^(+)T细胞(t=2.579,P<0.05)、B细胞(t=3.045,P<0.05)和NK细胞(t=2.207,P<0.05)绝对计数均降低。结论allo-HSCT后淋巴细胞各亚群的重建以及变化与病人预后相关,应该连续监测病人移植前后外周血淋巴细胞亚群的变化情况。

Umbilical Cord Blood-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Graft-Versus-Host Disease Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation through Multiple Immunoregulations

Summary： Although mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） are increasingly used to treat graft-versus-host disease （GVHD）, their immune regulatory mechanism in the process is elusive. The present study aimed to investigate the curative effect of third-party umbilical cord blood-derived human MSCs （UCB-hMSCs） on GVHD patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation （allo-HSCT） and their immune regulatory mechanism. Twenty-four refractory GVHD patients after allo-HSCT were treated with UCB-hMSCs. Immune cells including T lymphocyte subsets, NK ceils, Treg cells and dendritic cells （DCs） and cytokines including interleukin-17 （IL-17） and tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α） were monitored before and after MSCs transfusion. The results showed that the symptoms of GVHD were alleviated significantly without increased relapse of primary disease and transplant-related complications after MSCs transfusion. The number of CD3^＋, CD3＋CD4^＋ and CD3＋CD8^＋ cells decreased significantly, and that of NK cells remained unchanged, whereas the number of CD4^＋ and CD8^＋ Tregs increased and reached a peak at 4 weeks; the number of mature DCs, and the levels of TNF-α and IL-17 decreased and reached a trough at 2 weeks. It was concluded that MSCs ameliorate GVHD and spare GVL effect via immunoregulations.

Oral graft vs host disease:An immune system disorder in hematopoietic cell transplantation

Graft vs host disease(GVHD) is a complication of patients who are treated by hematopoietic cell transplantation.National Institutes of Health in 2005 by Working Group on Diagnosis and Staging Consensus Development Project on Criteria for Clinical Trials in Chronic GVHD(cGVHD) established 2 principal categories of oral GVHD, acute and chronic. The oral mucosa may be the first site of manifestation of the disease. Clinical diagnosis needs to be confirmed by a biopsy of oral mucosa and minor salivary glands. Microscopic results have played a major role in the diagnosis and management of acute and chronic oral GVHD. Development of second malignancies is the greatest risk of oral cGVHD patients, mostly regarding squamous cell carcinoma. The focus of oral GVHD therapy is to improve symptoms and maintain oral function. The aim of this review article is to update the information on the oral GVHD in its clinical, microscopic features and their complications.

Immunophenotypic characteristics of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells that affect the efficacy of their use in the prevention of acute graft vs host disease

BACKGROUND Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs)are widely used in the clinic due to their unique properties,namely,their ability to differentiate in all mesenchymal directions and their immunomodulatory activity.Healthy donor MSCs were used to prevent the development of acute graft vs host disease(GVHD)after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation(allo-BMT).The administration of MSCs to patients was not always effective.The MSCs obtained from different donors have individual characteristics.The differences between MSC samples may affect their clinical efficacy.AIM To study the differences between effective and ineffective MSCs.METHODS MSCs derived from the bone marrow of a hematopoietic stem cells donor were injected intravenously into allo-BMT recipients for GVHD prophylaxis at the moment of blood cell reconstitution.Aliquots of 52 MSC samples that were administered to patients were examined,and the same cells were cultured in the presence of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)from a third-party donor or treated with the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β,IFN and TNF.Flow cytometry revealed the immunophenotype of the nontreated MSCs,the MSCs cocultured with PBMCs for 4 d and the MSCs exposed to cytokines.The proportions of CD25-,CD146-,CD69-,HLA-DR-and PD-1-positive CD4+and CD8+cells and the distribution of various effector and memory cell subpopulations in the PBMCs cocultured with the MSCs were also determined.RESULTS Differences in the immunophenotypes of effective and ineffective MSCs were observed.In the effective samples,the mean fluorescence intensity(MFI)of HLAABC,HLA-DR,CD105,and CD146 was significantly higher.After MSCs were treated with IFN or cocultured with PBMCs,the HLA-ABC,HLA-DR,CD90 and CD54 MFI showed a stronger increase in the effective MSCs,which indicated an increase in the immunomodulatory activity of these cells.When PBMCs were cocultured with effective MSCs,the proportions of CD4+and CD8+central memory cells significantly decreased,and the proportion of CD8+CD146+lymphocytes increased more than in the subpopulations of lymphocytes cocultured with MSC samples that were ineffective in the prevention of GVHD;in addition,the proportion of CD8+effector memory lymphocytes decreased in the PBMCs cocultured with the effective MSC samples but increased in the PBMCs cocultured with the ineffective MSC samples.The proportion of CD4+CD146+lymphocytes increased only when cocultured with the inefficient samples.CONCLUSION For the first time,differences were observed between MSC samples that were effective for GVHD prophylaxis and those that were ineffective.Thus,it was shown that the immunomodulatory activity of MSCs depends on the individual characteristics of the MSC population.

Incidence of ocular manifestations in patients with graft versus host disease after allogeneic stem cell transplant in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

AIM: To evaluate the incidence and severity of ocular graft versus host disease(o GVHD) in patients who underwent allogeneic stem cell transplant(SCT) in King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Saudi Arabia.METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study conducted in King Abdul Aziz Medical City on patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant(allo-HCT) from 2010 to 2017. The ocular examination findings including visual acuity, meibomian gland dysfunction, corneal and conjunctival staining with severity, corneal scarring, tear film meniscus and breakup time, anterior and posterior segment examination findings, intraocular pressure, treatment given, punctual plugs used or not, and follow up response were collected.RESULTS: The five years cumulative incidence of o GVHD among post-transplant patients was 56.98%(95%CI 38.6%-71.7%). The potential risk factors assessed for developing ocular manifestation were age, gender, donor’s age, donor gender mismatch CD3 and CD34 infusion, while none of the correlates were identified as statistically significant risk factors of developing ocular manifestation. However, the incidence was statistically significantly different betweenpatients diagnosed with acute myelocytic leukemia and acute lymphocytic leukemia(P=0.038). The mean latent period to develop ocular symptoms was 20.5 mo. All patients had variable degree of dry eyes. None of the patients developed any posterior segment complication.CONCLUSION: The incidence of o GVHD is low in King Abdul-Aziz Medical City. This can be attributed to the preconditioning and immunosuppressive regime.

Ruxolitinib add-on in corticosteroid-refractory graft-vs-host disease after allogeneic stem cell transplantation:Results from a retrospective study on 38 Chinese patients

BACKGROUND Graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) is a major cause of mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Some patients have steroid-refractory(SR) GVHD.AIM To evaluate the effect and safety of ruxolitinib add-on in the treatment of patients with SR acute (a) and chronic (c) GVHD.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 38 patients administered ruxolitinib add-on to standard immunosuppressive therapy for SR-aGVHD or SR-cGVHD following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Ruxolitinib was administered5-10 mg/d depending on disease severity,patient status,and the use of antifungal drugs.Overall response rate,time to best response,malignancy relapse rate,infection rate,and treatment-related adverse events were assessed.RESULTS The analysis included 10 patients with SR-aGVHD (gradeⅢ/Ⅳ,n=9) and 28patients with SR-cGVHD (moderate/severe,n=24).For the SR-aGVHD and SRcGVHD groups,respectively:Median number of previous GVHD therapies was 2(range:1-3) and 2 (1-4);median follow-up was 2.5 (1.5-4) and 5 (1.5-10) mo;median time to best response was 1 (0.5-2.5) and 3 (1-9.5) mo;and overall response rate was 100%(complete response:80%) and 82.1%(complete response:10.7%) with a response observed in all GVHD-affected organs.The malignancy relapse rates for the SR-aGVHD and SR-cGVHD groups were 10.0%and 10.7%,respectively.Reactivation rates for cytomegalovirus,Epstein-Barr virus,and varicella-zoster virus,respectively,were 30.0%,10.0%,and 0%for the SR-aGVHD group and 0%,14.3%,and 7.1%for the SR-cGVHD group.CONCLUSION Ruxolitinib add-on was effective and safe as salvage therapy for SR-GVHD.

非小细胞肺癌组织LncRNA MIR503HG、Wnt1表达与患者术后5年内生存的相关性

目的 探究非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织中长链非编码RNA(LncRNA)miR503宿主基因(MIR503HG)、Wnt1表达水平与患者术后5年内生存的关系。方法 纳入108例NSCLC患者,并于术中收集患者肺癌组织和癌旁组织。荧光定量PCR法检测肺癌及癌旁组织中LncRNA MIR503HG、Wnt1 mRNA表达水平;免疫组织化学染色检测肺癌及癌旁组织中Wnt1蛋白表达。对NSCLC患者术后随访5年,记录随访期内生存状况。比较癌旁组织、肺癌组织中LncRNA MIR503HG、Wnt1 mRNA和蛋白阳性表达情况;比较不同结局NSCLC患者肺癌组织中两者表达水平及其在不同临床病理特征中的差异;Pearson法分析肺癌组织中两者表达水平的相关性;Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析肺癌组织中两者表达水平与患者术后5年内生存的关系;多因素Cox回归分析NSCLC患者术后5年内生存的影响因素;受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估肺癌组织LncRNA MIR503HG、Wnt1 mRNA表达水平对患者术后5年内生存的预测价值。结果 肺癌组织中LncRNA MIR503HG表达水平低于癌旁组织,Wnt1 mRNA表达水平和Wnt1蛋白阳性表达率高于癌旁组织(P<0.05)。低分化、TNM分期Ⅲ期、有淋巴结转移NSCLC患者肺癌组织LncRNA MIR503HG表达水平分别低于中高分化、TNM分期Ⅰ—Ⅱ期、无淋巴结转移NSCLC患者;Wnt1 mRNA表达水平分别高于中高分化、TNM分期Ⅰ—Ⅱ期、无淋巴结转移NSCLC患者(P<0.05)。肺癌组织中LncRNA MIR503HG与Wnt1 mRNA表达水平呈负相关(P<0.05)。108例NSCLC患者术后随访5年,生存48例(生存组),死亡60例(死亡组);LncRNA MIR503HG高表达组、Wnt1 mRNA低表达组术后5年累积生存率分别高于LncRNA MIR503HG低表达组和Wnt1 mRNA高表达组(P<0.05)。与生存组相比,死亡组肺癌组织LncRNA MIR503HG表达水平降低,Wnt1 mRNA表达水平升高(P<0.05)。肺癌组织LncRNA MIR503HG低表达、Wnt1 mRNA高表达、低分化、TNM分期为Ⅲ期、有淋巴结转移均是影响NSCLC患者术后5年内生存的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。肺癌组织LncRNA MIR503HG、Wnt1 mRNA及二者联合预测NSCLC患者术后5年内生存的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.823、0.728和0.885,联合预测效能更高(P<0.05)。结论NSCLC患者肺癌组织中LncRNA MIR503HG呈低表达,Wnt1呈高表达,二者与患者临床病理特征和术后5年内生存情况密切相关,对患者术后5年内生存情况有较高预测价值。

Immune Regulatory Cell Biology and Clinical Applications to Prevent or Treat Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease

The most common approaches to prevent and treat graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) are intended to deplete or suppress the T cells capable of mediating or supporting alloresponses;however, this renders the recipients functionally T cell deficient and hence highly susceptible to infections and tumor recurrence. Depletion is often accomplished through the use of broadly reactive antibodies, while functional impairment is typically achieved by pharmacological agents that require long-term administration (usually six months or more), have significant side effects, and may not result in tolerance (i.e., nonresponsiveness) of donor T cells to conditioning regimen-resistant host alloantigen-bearing cells. As our knowledge of immune system homeostasis has increased, cell populations with immune regulatory function have been identified and characterized. Although such cell populations are typically present in low frequencies, methods to isolate and expand these cells have permitted their supplementation to the donor graft or infusion late post-transplant in order to stifle GVHD. This review discusses the biology and preclinical proof of concept of GVHD models, along with GVHD outcomes that focus exclusively on immune regulatory cell therapies that have progressed to clinical testing.

LncRNA SNHG4调控牙周膜干细胞成骨分化过程中的miR-152-3p

背景:研究表明长链非编码RNA核仁小RNA宿主基因4(LncRNA SNHG4)参与了多种炎症性疾病的进展,而关于LncRNA SNHG4对牙周炎治疗过程中人牙周膜干细胞成骨分化的影响尚不明确。目的:探讨LncRNA SNHG4通过调节miR-152-3p对人牙周膜干细胞成骨分化的影响。方法:从因正畸需要而拔除的前磨牙牙周膜组织中分离出人牙周膜干细胞,将其进行成骨诱导分化0,7,14 d后,qRT-PCR检测Runt相关转录因子2、骨钙素、LncRNA SNHG4及miR-152-3p表达。取第3代人牙周膜干细胞,将其分为NC组、pcDNA组、pcDNA-SNHG4组、inhibitor NC组、miR-152-3p inhibitor组、pcDNA-SNHG4+mimic NC组、pcDNA-SNHG4+miR-152-3p mimic组,qRT-PCR检测各组人牙周膜干细胞中LncRNA SNHG4、miR-152-3p表达,CCK-8法检测细胞增殖情况;比色法检测碱性磷酸酶活性;茜素红染色检测矿化结节形成情况;Western blot检测Runt相关转录因子2、骨钙素、碱性磷酸酶蛋白表达;双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证LncRNA SNHG4与miR-152-3p的关系。结果与结论:①与成骨诱导0 d比较,成骨诱导7,14 d后人牙周膜干细胞中Runt相关转录因子2、骨钙素、LncRNA SNHG4表达升高,miR-152-3p表达降低(P<0.05);②过表达LncRNA SNHG4或抑制miR-152-3p均可提高人牙周膜干细胞的增殖能力及碱性磷酸酶活性、矿化结节形成量和Runt相关转录因子2、骨钙素、碱性磷酸酶的蛋白表达(P<0.05);miR-152-3p mimic减弱了过表达LncRNA SNHG4对人牙周膜干细胞成骨分化的促进作用;LncRNA SNHG4与miR-152-3p存在靶向关系;③结果表明,过表达LncRNA SNHG4可能通过抑制miR-152-3p促进人牙周膜干细胞成骨分化。

OMISSION OF DAY +11 METHOTREXATE DOES NOT APPEAR TO INFLUENCE INCIDENCE AND SEVERITY OF GRAFT-VERSUS- HOST DISEASE AFTER ALLOGENEIC HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION

Objective: To explore the influence of omission of the day +11 dose of methotrexate (MIX) on the incidence and severity of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Methods: From April 1997 to October 2002, 80 leukemia patients (46 men and 34 women aged from 12 to 56 years with a median age of 35) underwent allo-HSCT at our BMT unit. Among them, 58 patients received grafts from HLA-identical siblings, 8 from HLA one major antigen mismatched siblings and 14 from HLA-matched unrelated donors. All patients received a modified cyclosporine and short-course MTX regimen for GVHD prophylaxis, which included MTX 15 mg on day +1, and 10 mg on days +3 and +6 (MTX day +11 dose omitted) and cyclosporine given daily. Results: The overall incidence of grade I~IV acute GVHD was 57.5% (46/80 patients), with grade II~IV acute GVHD in 28 patients (35%) and grade III~IV acute GVHD in 7 patients (8.8%). Among 58 patients receiving grafts from HLA-identical siblings, 24 patients developed grade I~IV acute GVHD (41.4%), with grade II~IV acute GVHD in 13 patients (22.4%) and grade III~IV acute GVHD in 4 patients (6.9%). 2l out of 22 patients receiving grafts from HLA one major antigen mismatched siblings and HLA-matched unrelated donors developed grade I~IV acute GVHD (95.5%), with grade II~IV acute GVHD in 14 patients (63.6%) and grade III~IV acute GVHD in 3 patients (13.6%). Chronic GVHD occurred in 38 out of 56 evaluable patients (67.9%), with extensive form in 15 patients (26.8%) and limited form in 23 patients (41.1%). With a median follow-up of 960 days (range 180~1980 days), the probability of leukemia-free survival at 3 years was 61.3% for all patients. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the day +11 MTX can be omitted without a major deleterious effect on the incidence and severity of graft-versus-host disease after HLA-identical sibling transplantation as well as HLA one major antigen mismatched sibling and HLA-matched unrelated donor transplantation.