梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron(C.A.Mey.)Bunge)物候期的观察

梭梭是我国西北荒漠半荒漠地区的珍稀植物。通过对生长在内蒙古自治区阿拉善盟的天然梭梭林连续三年的观察测定 ,将其物候期划分为萌动期、营养枝扩展期、开花期、果实成熟期和营养枝脱落期五个主要物候期。对各个时期梭梭的形态特征进行了较为详尽的描述 。

Study on Tissue Culture and Effective Clone Establishment of Hemistepta lyrata Bunge

[Objective] The research aimed to study the rapid propagation technology and establish effective clone of Hemistepta lyrata Bunge. [Method] With tender stem of Hemistepta lyrata Bunge as material, the conditions needed in calluses induction and differentiation, adventitious bud differentiation and radication, test tube seedling cutting and transplantation were studied. [ Result] The results showed that the optimum medium for granulated calluses induction from tender stem was MS ＋ BA 0.3 mg/L ＋2,4-D 1 -1.5 mg/L, for granulated calluses and adventitious bud differentiation was MS ＋ AgNO31.5 mg/L ＋ BA 0.4 mg/L ＋ NAA 0.1 mg/L. 1/2 MS ＋ IAA 0.6 mg/L was suitable for test tube seedling rooting and regeneration, and cinder was used as transplantation and cutting substrate. [ Conclusion]This study will provide the scientific reference for choosing the feasible medium in tissue culture of Hemistepta lyrata Bunge.

Study on Pollinating Insects of Astragalus membranaceus (Ficsh) Bunge

[Objective The aim was to study species and pollinating characters of Astragalus membranaceus(Ficsh)Bunge pollinating insects and lay a theory foundation for the breeding of Astragalus membranaceus(Ficsh)Bunge.[Method] With Astragalus membranaceus(Ficsh)Bunge as research object,the species of pollinating insect and pollination behavior were investigated.[Result] There were 16 pollinating insect species,among which,Bombus ignitus,Bombus lucoru,Apis sp.,Betasyrphus serarius(wiedemann)and Colias erate(Esper)we...

梭梭(Haloxylon ammodend rom(C.A.Mey)Bunge)光合枝细胞组织学观察及其抗逆性特征

通过细胞组织学解剖方法 ,观察研究梭梭幼嫩光合枝显微结构的抗逆性特征 ,并结合 H2 O2 酶活性的测定 ,得出梭梭光合枝显微结构中有 3点与相关文献报道不同。 1是具有一层海棉组织 ,富含叶绿体 ,细胞体积相对较小 ,为不规则圆球状细胞层 ;2是退化的鳞片状叶表皮层下仍有一层细胞体积小 ,圆形 ,具有明显的细胞核 ,无叶绿体 ,排列紧密的细胞层 ;3是栅栏组织细胞具泌盐的功能 ,并有发育较好的盐结晶存在于细胞之间 ,显示出较强的抗逆特征。

Studies on Triterpenoid Saponins of Seeds of Aesculus chinensis Bunge var. chekiangensis (Hu et Fang) Fang

Aim To study the saponin constituents of the seeds of Aesculus chinensis Bunge var. chekiangensis (Hu et Fang) Fang. Methods Compounds were separated and purified by macroreticular resin column chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and hydrolysis analysis. Results Six compounds were isolated from the 70% ethanolic extracts. They were identified as escins IVc, IVd, Ia, Ib, isoescins Ia and Ib, respectively. Conclusion The above compounds were obtained from the seeds of Aesculus chinensis Bunge var.chekiangensis (Hu et Fang) Fang for the first time.

Effects of Salt Stress on Root Vitality of Limonium bicolor (Bunge) Kuntze

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different salt concentrations on the root vitality of Limonium bicolor （Bunge） Kuntze. [Method] Limonium bicolor （Bunge） Kuntze was treated with 0, 100, 200 and 400 mmol/L NaCl, respectively. After two weeks, root vitality, biomass and other physiological indicators were measured. [Result] Salt stress had significant influences on the growth of roots. Root vitality of Limonium bicolor increased firstly and reduced gradually with the increase of salt concentration. [Conclusion] The results indicate that Limonium bicolor has certain salt tolerance ability at low salt concentrations; under relatively high salt concentrations, Limonium bicolor roots can maintain high vitality; however, with the continuous increase of salt concentration, Limonium bicolor roots are damaged, with decreasing vitality.

采用BSLB(Brine Shrimp Letality Bioassay)法对元宝枫 (Acer truncatum Bunge .)及同属植物活性部位的筛选(英文)

本文通过BSLB法对元宝枫及同属植物不同部位的水提物进行了活性试验 ,得知 :元宝枫的幼技、种皮的水提物具一定的生物致死活性 ;同属植物青榨槭叶和种子 ,秦岭槭、杈叶槭果翅的水提物也具一定的生物致死活性。

膜荚黄芪(Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bunge)组织培养再生体系的建立

本研究以膜荚黄芪的子叶、下胚轴、幼茎、幼叶为外植体,诱导愈伤组织及再生芽,建立膜荚黄芪组织培养再生体系。结果表明,子叶是最佳的外植体。在6-BA与2,4-D或NAA培养基组合中,以MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+NAA 0.5mg/L为最佳的愈伤组织及芽诱导培养基。黄芪再生植株较难生根,在IAA、IBA和NAA激素培养基组合中,以1/2MS+IBA 2.0mg/L或1/2MS+IBA 1.0mg/L+NAA 1.0mg/L为最佳的试管苗生根培养基,生根率50%左右。

葱属植物挥发油研究——1 中药薤白(Allium macrostemon Bunge)挥发油成分的研究

首次用GC-MS-联用方法对薤白挥发油成分进行了分析,鉴定了21种化合物,其中19种为含硫化合物。主要成分为二甲基三硫,甲基丙基三硫,甲基丙基二硫和丙基异丙基二硫;并含有对血小板聚集有强烈抑制作用的甲基烯丙基三硫。

Acute Toxicity of Oxytropis Kansuensis Bunge on Rats

[ Objective] The paper was to study the acute toxicity of Oxytropis Kansuensis Bunge on rats. [ Method ] Forty rats were randomly divided into two gToups： control group （distilled water） and trial group （water extract of 0. Kansuens/s） to carry out the acute toxicity experiment. The trial group was supplied with the maximum dose （6.0 g/ml,0.8 ml/20 g） twice per day for continuous 7 d. [Result] The maximal tolerance dose of rats to water extract of O. Kansuens/s was more than 480 g/kg. Feeding rats with O. Kansuens/s would not lead to the death of rats within short time （7 d） and no obvious macroscopic pathological changes in the viscera of rats could be seen in naked eyes. [Condusion] The study provided theoretical basis for full use of O. Kansuens/s resources.

Discovery of Triploid Allium macrostemon Bunge in Laizhou City of Shandong Province

[Objective]The study was to analyze the karyotype of Allium macrostemon Bunge in Laizhou City of Shandong Province.[ Method] The root tip of A. macrostemon was pretreated with 8-hydroxyquinoline solution, fixed, dissociated and stained for preparing the glass slide to reveal the chromosome number via the microscopic examination; the sparse cells with good chromosome morphology were photographed under microscope. [ Result ]Allium macrostemon Bunge in Laizhou City introduced in this study was tdploid; its somatic chromosome number was 24 and karyotype formula was K（2n） =3x=24m（2SAT） ＋ 1Bs, thus the karyotype belongs to 1A type. One of the chromosome No. 3 contained satellite, and chromosome deletion may be existed in one of the chromosome No. 5. In addition, B chromosome was observed in some cells.[ Conclusion] This introduction of triploid A. macrostemon found in China was the first time.

Pesticidal character of phytoecdysteroids from Ajuga multiflora Bunge (Labiatae) on larvae of Cryptorrhynchus lapathi L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Eight kinds of phytoecdysteroids extracted from different parts of Ajuga multiflora Bunge (Labiatae) that were collected from different places at different time were tested for killing effects on the 2-instar larvae of Cryptorrhynchus lapathi L by adding them to the artificial diet of larvae. The experimental results indicated that adding 1-3-mL phytoecdysteroids to the artificial diet could lead 58%-100% of 2-instar larvae of C. lapathi to death within 24 days. The phytoecdysteroids extracted from the whole plant of A. multiflora which was collected before flowering time were much more effective than those extracted from the plants collected at flowering and after flowering periods, and the modified mortality rate of larvae reached 65.22%, 85.07%, and 98.11% at the dosage level of 1-mL, 2-mL, and 3-mL extracts, respectively. The extract made from root of A. multiflora plant was more effective in killing efficiency than those from stem and leaves, and the average death rates of larvae were up to 100%, 98.20% and 98.32% at dosage levels of 1-mL, 2-mL, and 3-mL extracts, respectively. The killing speed of the extracted phytoecdysteroids was slower than that of triflumuron, hexaflumuron or deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate. The mortality rate of larvae is closely related to the feeding duration on the diets containing phytoecdysteroids. Feeding on the diets with addition of phytoecdysteroids for 16 days, more than 80% of treated 2-instar larvae of C. lapathi were led to death. The killing effect of the extracts was little affected by the growth areas of A. multiflora plant and the adding way to artificial diet.

Dynamic of Root Dry Weight of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge

ObjectiveThis study was to investigate the dynamic of root dry weight of Salvia miltiorrhiza to provide a basis for optimal management in field cultivation. MethodThe Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge seedlings were transplanted at three different dates November 26, 2009 （T 1 ）, March 9, 2010（T 2 ） and March 27, 2010（T 3 ）, and at three different densities 20 cm × 25 cm （D 1 ）, 25 cm × 25 cm （D 2 ）, 25 cm × 30 cm （D 3 ）. So a total of nine treatments were finally set. The samples were collected regularly for measuring the root dry weight and plotting the dynamic curves. Normalized root weight was fitted with CURVE EXPERT 1.3. ResultLogistic equation was the most superior equation, and estimated respectively two inflection points and length of fast growing time of S. miltiorrhiza. ConclusionThe fast-growing time of S. miltiorrhiza root was in 1 900 ℃·d to 2 200 ℃·d GDD.

Studies of Chemical Constituents and Their Antioxidant Activities From Astragalus mongholicus Bunge

To evaluate the antioxidant activities of different chemical constituents from Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and their protection against xanthine （XA）/xanthine oxidase （XO）-induced toxicity in PC12 cells. Methods The compounds of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge were isolated by chromatography and the structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data interpretation. Their antioxidant activities were detected by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） radical scavenging activities in a cell-free system. Meanwhile, the effects against XA/XO-induced toxicity were assessed using MTT assay in PC12 cells. Results Ten principal constituents were isolated and identified as formononetin （Ⅰ）, ononin （Ⅱ）, calycosin （Ⅲ）, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside （Ⅳ）, 9,10-dimethoxypterocarpan-3-O-β-D-glucoside （Ⅴ）, adenosine （Ⅵ）, pinitol （Ⅶ）, daucosterol （Ⅷ）, β-sitoster （Ⅸ） and saccharose （Ⅹ） from Astragalus mongholicus Bunge. The compounds Ⅰ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ scavenged DPPH free radicals in vitro. Formononetin and calycosin were found to inhibit XA/XO-induced cell injury significantly, with an estimated EC50 of 50 ng/mL. Conclusion Compound Ⅲ, Ⅵ, and Ⅶ are first reported in this plant. Calycosin exhibits the most potent antioxidant activity both in the cell-free system and in the cell system.

Evaluation of biodiesel from Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge seed kernel oil from 13 areas in China

Oil content from seed kernels of Xanthoceras sorbifolia from 13 areas in China was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to determine oil characteristics and biodiesel properties. The seeds had a high kernel percentage (53.67%± 7.51), oil content (52.21%± 4.01), and biodiesel yield (99.77%± 0.21). Among the fatty acids in the oil were high percentages of linoleic acid (41.66 ± 2.26)% and oleic acid (28.44%± 2.03). Most of the fuel properties complied well with the ASTM D6751-10, EN 14214-08, and GB/T 20828-2014 standards. The 13 sampling areas were grouped into four clusters based on different kernel percentage, oil content, biodiesel yield, and fatty acid composition. The results showed that the quality of kernel oils from seeds from Ar Horqin Banner was the best, although kernel oils from seeds in all 13 areas were suitable for biodiesel production. This study provides a basis for selecting optimal sites to harvest seeds from X. sorbifolia.

Inhibitory Effects of Saponins From Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge on the Growth of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Objective To investigate the effects of saponins from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge （SAaB） （Botanical Name： Anemarrhena Asphodeloidis Rhizoma） on the growth of vascular smooth muscle cells （VSMCs）. Methods Cell proliferation was measured by a newly developed cell proliferation reagent, WST-1. Cell apoptosis was assayed by flow cytometry through detecting annexin V. Nitric oxide production was evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy with diaminofluorescein diacetate （DAF-2, DA）. Cell aldose reductase （AR） activity, as well as the effect of Epalrestat and interleukin-1β were also explored. Results WST assay showed that cell proliferation induced by serum was significantly inhibited by SAaB （P〈0.01）. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that SAaB could enhance apoptotic rate of VSMCs （P〈0.01）. Nitric oxide production was significantly enhanced after administration of SAaB and interleukin-Iβ Moreover, AR activity of VSMCs was also remarkably inhibited by both SAaB and Epalrestat （P〈 0.01）. Conclusion SAaB can inhibit proliferation and enhance apoptosis of VSMCs. It may protect vascular cells by inhibiting VSMC proliferation and augmenting apoptotic rate of VSMCs via NO-dependent pathway.

Research advances in the study of Pistacia chinensis Bunge, a superior tree species for biomass energy

As a renewable energy, biomass energy has aroused wide attention and studies of this issue have become a hot topic throughout the world. Pistacia chinensis Bunge （Anacardiaceae） is a superior species for biomass energy with high oil content in seeds and wide geographic distribution. It is a dioeciously, deciduous arbor, flowering from March to April and bearing fruits from September to November. The classification, regional distribution and biological characteristics ofP chinensis are stated in this paper, then, research advances in the growth, breeding and physiology of this species are summarized. The problems in present studies are broached. Finally, a future direction for research is proposed.

Antioxidant effects of the orientin and vitexin in Trollius chinensis Bunge in D-galactose-aged mice

Total flavonoids are the main pharmaceutical components of Trollius chinensis Bunge, and orientin and vitexin are the monomer components of total flavonoids in Trollius chinensis Bunge. In this study, an aged mouse model was established through intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose for 8 weeks, followed by treatment with 40, 20, or 10 mg/kg orientin, vitexin, or a positive control （vitamin E） via intragastric administration for an additional 8 weeks. Orientin, vitexin, and vitamin E improved the general medical status of the aging mice and significantly increased their brain weights. They also produced an obvious rise in total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase levels in the serum, and the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, Na＋-K＋-ATP enzyme, and Ca2＋-Mg2＋-ATP enzyme in the liver, brain and kidneys. In addition, they significantly reduced malondialdehyde levels in the liver, brain and kidney and lipofuscin levels in the brain. They also significantly improved the neuronal ultrastructure. The 40 mg/kg dose of orientin and vitexin had the same antioxidant capacity as vitamin E. These experimental findings indicate that orientin and vitexin engender anti-aging effects through their antioxidant capacities.

小花荆芥(N.micrantha Bunge)染色体的核型分析

采取常规根尖压片法对小花荆芥(Nepeta micrantha Bunge)进行染色体数目统计及核型分析,结果表明:小花荆芥染色体数目为2n=18,染色体核型公式为2n=2x=18=12m+6sm,核型不对称性类型为1A型。该研究为进一步探讨荆芥属的系统关系提供细胞学资料。

Afforestation Technique of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge.

We conducted the study on afforestation technique of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge. in combination with ecological environment features of Fuxian County in Shaanxi Province. Results show that it is proper to adopt "sunny gentle slope+fish-scale pit+planting on ridges after dipping mud+stumping in autumn" for afforestation of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge. in the Loess Plateau. It is expected that our study can play a significant role in guiding popularization of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge. in the northwest of China.