Study on Dynamic Characteristics of the Growth and Development of Armeniaca dasycarpa(Ehrh.) Borkh

[ Objective] This study aimed to analyze the dynamics of growth and development of Armeniaca dasycarpa （ Ehrh. ） Borkh fruit, thus providing the the- oretical basis for cultivation and breeding of good-quality and high-yield A. dasycarpa. [ Method] With A. dasycarpa cultivar Yechengzixing as the experimental material, P. cerasifera Ehrh cultivar Huangguoyingtaoli and A. vulgaris Lam. cultivars Luopuhongdaike, Wanshujianali and Kuchetuoyong as control, the vertical diameter, horizontal diameter and fresh weight of fruit and embryos were measured every 7 d during the growth and development period. [ Result] The result showed that the whole fruit growth period of Yechengzixing, lasted 93 d from the end of flowering to fruit maturity. The dynamics of fruit vertical diameter, horizon- tal diameter and fresh weight of Yechengzixing presented ＂rapid-slow-rapid＂ double S-shaped curves. The whole fruit growth period of Yechengzixing could be di- vided approximately into three stages： first rapid growth stage, slow growth stage and second rapid growth stage, which lasted 29, 42 and 21 d, respectively. Daily increment of fruit vertical diameter and horizontal diameter of Yechengzixing reached the maximum at the first rapid growth stage, while daily increment of fruit fresh weight reached the maximum at the second rapid growth stage. The dynamics of vertical diameter, horizontal diameter and fresh weight of Yechengzixing embryos presented S-shaped curves. Fruit growth and development dynamics of the tested materials presented double S-shaped curves. The whole fruit growth period of Yechengzixing, Huangguoyingtaoli and three apricot cuhivars lasted 93, 119 and 77 -98 d, respectively. Thus, the duration of fruit growth period of Yechengzixing was 26 d shorter than that of Huangguoyingtaoli and exhibited no significant difference compared with three apricot cultivars. The duration of each growth stage and daily increment of Yechengzixing fruit had no significant difference compared with three apricot cultivars. Moreover, Huangguoyingtaoli had a longer slow growth stage and lower daily increment than Yechengzixing. [ Conclusion] The whole fruit growth period, duration of each growth stage and daily increment of Yechengzix- ing exhibited no significant difference compared with three apricot cultivars but varied remarkably compared with Huangguoyingtaoli.

紫杏开花生物学特性研究

以叶城紫杏为研究对象,观察开花物候期、调查花部器官发育特征并测定花粉量、花粉活力及柱头可授性。结果表明,叶城紫杏花期较供试其他杏品种晚7d,与杏品种花期不遇,与樱桃李花期相近,部分相遇。叶城紫杏单花花药数为31.6粒/蕾,花粉量较少,仅为306.8粒/花药,花粉活力低,仅有7.2%,柱头在开花前1天即具有可授性,可授性持续至开花后第4天,在开花当天至花后第1天有较强可授性。叶城紫杏与对照杏品种花期不遇,单花花药数与各杏品种间存在差异,中长花柱花比率、花粉量及花粉活力均低于对照杏品种,且柱头可授性变化强度较低,持续时间也较短。叶城紫杏和樱桃李花期相近,单花花药数较樱桃李高,花粉量却较樱桃李低,中长花柱花比率差异不大。花粉活力均低于对照杏品种,但柱头可授性变化强度及持续时间较为接近。

紫杏花芽形态分化特性研究

【目的】研究紫杏花芽形态分化调研,掌握紫杏与普通杏和樱桃李间的花芽形态分化特性及差异,为紫杏的开发利用提供理论参考。【方法】观察测量紫杏花芽大小及外部形态,采用常规石蜡切片法观察花芽内部形态分化特性。【结果】叶城紫杏的花芽为红褐色,呈椭圆锥形,长为3.06 mm,宽为1.65 mm,6月下旬进入分化初期,7中旬进入萼片分化期和花瓣分化期,8月上旬进入雄蕊和雌蕊分化期,7到9月是花芽分化盛期,10月中旬完成雌蕊分化,各分化时期有交错重叠的现象。【结论】叶城紫杏从花芽开始分化到雌蕊分化完成共需100 d,较晚熟佳娜丽长30 d,较黄果樱桃李长10 d,且叶城紫杏进入各分化阶段的时间及整体分化进程,均要晚于晚熟佳娜丽和黄果樱桃李。

4种杏属植物种仁主要营养成分分析

【目的】分析4种杏属植物种仁的主要营养成分,为其开发利用提供理论依据。【方法】通过溶剂法测定普通杏(Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.)、西伯利亚杏(Armeniaca sibirica(L.)Lam.)、仁用杏(Kernel-using apricots)、紫杏(Armeniaca dasycarpa(Ehrh.)Borkh.)种仁的粗脂肪含量,用凯氏定氮法测定其总蛋白含量,使用马弗炉测定其灰分含量,使用GC-MS测定其脂肪酸种类及比例,并用氨基酸自动分析仪测定其氨基酸种类及含量。【结果】4种杏属植物的粗脂肪含量为474.4~523.4g/kg,仁用杏最高;总蛋白含量为278.4~346.2g/kg,紫杏最高;灰分含量为24.4~37.9g/kg,紫杏最高。共分离出6种主要脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸的相对含量为3.85%~7.68%,普通杏最高;不饱和脂肪酸的相对含量为91.33%~95.85%,西伯利亚杏最高;油酸的相对含量为62.58%~74.67%,仁用杏最高;亚油酸的相对含量为19.50%~29.90%,西伯利亚杏最高。4种杏种仁均测定出18种氨基酸,氨基酸总量为272.5~325.2g/kg,包括人体8种必需氨基酸,其总含量为72.7~84.1g/kg,组氨酸含量为7.1~8.5g/kg。【结论】4种杏属植物种仁含油量高,不饱和脂肪酸含量高,为优质的油料;蛋白质含量高,均含18中氨基酸,是优质的植物蛋白。