Analysis of the Effect and Influencing Factors of Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment Based on A^(2)O-MBBR Integrated Process

[Objectives] This study was conducted to solve the prominent problems in the treatment of domestic sewage in southern rural areas of China. [Methods] An integrated process treatment mode of anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic moving bed biofilm reactor (A 2O-MBBR) was proposed to analyze and study its operating effect and influencing factors. [Results] The A^(2)O-MBBR mode had good COD removal efficiency and nitrogen and phosphorus removal performance, and the water quality index of the effluent met the Class A standard of GB181918-2002. This mode is suitable for treating rural domestic sewage, and has high treatment effects in different operating periods. In spring, the average removal rates of COD, NH_(4)^(+)-N, TN, TP and SS reached (83.53 ± 2.15)%, (89.44 ± 4.97)%, (67.36±18.53)%, (88.22±11.21)% and (91.73±2.25)%, respectively;In the autumn period, the average removal rates of COD, NH_(4)^(+)-N, TN, TP and SS were (83.49±2.64)%, (89.26±9.19)%, (66.05±17.00)%, (87.48±9.68)%, and (91.13±2.35)%. [Conclusions] This study provides theoretical reference and technical support for the popularization and application of A^(2)O-MBBR integrated process.

A^(2)O-MBBR+反硝化深床滤池工艺用于污水处理厂提标扩能

宜宾市杨湾污水处理厂处理规模由6×10^(4)m^(3)/d扩容至12×10^(4)m^(3)/d,出水水质提升至《四川省岷江、沱江流域水污染物排放标准》(DB 51/2311-2016)。针对用地受限和排洪暗渠从厂区中间穿过的实际情况,从工艺选择、总图和构筑物布置角度优化设计。污水处理采用“A^(2)O-MBBR-反硝化深床滤池”工艺;二期生化池和二沉池布置在排洪暗渠上方;加大生化池有效水深和滤池滤层厚度;二次提升泵井、反硝化深床滤池及配套设施集约化组合布置。实际运行效果显示,出水COD、BOD_(5)、NH_(3)^(-)N、TP、TN、SS平均值分别为8.37、2.87、0.08、0.15、5.29、2.56 mg/L,稳定达到排放标准。

Crystallization management of CsPbI_(2)Br perovskites by PbAc_(2)-incorporated twice spin-coating process for efficient and stable CsPbI_(2)Br perovskite solar cells

CsPbI_(2)Br perovskite solar cell has been extensively studied due to its exceptional thermal stability and relatively stable perovskite phase structure.However,the presence of bromine leads to a rapid crystallization rate of CsPbI_(2)Br films,resulting in small grain size and high defect density.Additionally,CsPbI_(2)Br demonstrates poor light absorption due to its wide bandgap.Therefore,it is crucial to control the crystallization rate and increase the film thickness to reduce defect density,enhance light absorption,and improve photovoltaic performance.In this study,we utilized a PbAc_(2)-incorporated twice spincoating(PTS) process to address these issues.Initially,PbAc_(2) was added to the CsPbI_(2)Br precursor solution to form a CsPbI_(2)Br film,which was then coated with the CsPbI_(2)Br precursor solution to produce the PTS film,Ac^(-)can delay the perovskite crystallization,leading to the formation of thicker and denser CsPbI_(2)Br films.Moreover,lone-pair electrons of the oxygen atom provided by Ac^(-)formed coordination bonds with under-coordinated Pb~(2+) ions to fill halogen ion vacancies,thereby reducing the defect density.Ultimately,the PTS CsPbI_(2)Br device achieved a peak power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 16.19% and maintained 96.7% of its initial PCE over 1500 h at room temperature under 25% relative humidity without any encapsulation.

Enhancing performance of low-temperature processed CsPbI2Br all-inorganic perovskite solar cells using polyethylene oxide-modified TiO_(2)

CsPbX_(3)-based(X=I,Br,Cl)inorganic perovskite solar cells(PSCs)prepared by low-temperature process have attracted much attention because of their low cost and excellent thermal stability.However,the high trap state density and serious charge recombination between low-temperature processed TiO_(2)film and inorganic perovskite layer interface seriously restrict the performance of all-inorganic PSCs.Here a thin polyethylene oxide(PEO)layer is employed to modify TiO_(2)film to passivate traps and promote carrier collection.The impacts of PEO layer on microstructure and photoelectric characteristics of TiO_(2)film and related devices are systematically studied.Characterization results suggest that PEO modification can reduce the surface roughness of TiO_(2)film,decrease its average surface potential,and passivate trap states.At optimal conditions,the champion efficiency of CsPbI_(2)Br PSCs with PEO-modified TiO_(2)(PEO-PSCs)has been improved to 11.24%from 9.03%of reference PSCs.Moreover,the hysteresis behavior and charge recombination have been suppressed in PEO-PSCs.

Application of Feature, Event, and Process Methods to Leakage Scenario Development for Offshore CO_(2) Geological Storage

Offshore carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) geological storage(OCGS) represents a significant strategy for addressing climate change by curtailing greenhouse gas emissions. Nonetheless, the risk of CO_(2) leakage poses a substantial concern associated with this technology. This study introduces an innovative approach for establishing OCGS leakage scenarios, involving four pivotal stages, namely, interactive matrix establishment, risk matrix evaluation, cause–effect analysis, and scenario development, which has been implemented in the Pearl River Estuary Basin in China. The initial phase encompassed the establishment of an interaction matrix for OCGS systems based on features, events, and processes. Subsequent risk matrix evaluation and cause–effect analysis identified key system components, specifically CO_(2) injection and faults/features. Building upon this analysis, two leakage risk scenarios were successfully developed, accompanied by the corresponding mitigation measures. In addition, this study introduces the application of scenario development to risk assessment, including scenario numerical simulation and quantitative assessment. Overall, this research positively contributes to the sustainable development and safe operation of OCGS projects and holds potential for further refinement and broader application to diverse geographical environments and project requirements. This comprehensive study provides valuable insights into the establishment of OCGS leakage scenarios and demonstrates their practical application to risk assessment, laying the foundation for promoting the sustainable development and safe operation of ocean CO_(2) geological storage projects while proposing possibilities for future improvements and broader applications to different contexts.

Study on the Interactivity of Controlled and Automatic Information Processing in L2 Reading

L2 reading is not only an important channel for people to obtain information and knowledge,but also the main way for people to learn a foreign language.Reading information processing can be divided into controlled processing and automatic processing.Controlled information processing is a conscious and resource-intensive processing model,while automatic information processing is an unconscious and automatic processing model.This study investigates the characteristics and interactivity of controlled and automatic information processing in L2 reading,and explores the roles of controlled and automatic information processing strategies in improving L2 reading ability.The findings are as follows:(a)controlled and automatic information processing is interactive in L2 reading;and(b)the uses of controlled and automatic information processing strategies are beneficial to the improvement of the reading ability of L2 learners.This study has important theoretical and practical value in improving the efficiency of L2 reading teaching and learning.

不同矿浆温度下Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)对黄铁矿可浮性的影响

这是一篇矿物加工工程领域的论文。通过单矿物浮选实验、浮选溶液化学、Zeta电位、XPS,研究了不同矿浆温度下Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)对黄铁矿浮选效果的影响机理,结果表明:低温能够明显抑制黄铁矿的浮选,且温度降低能够明显弱化Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)对黄铁矿浮选的抑制作用。当矿浆温度从20℃降至5℃时,矿浆中带电粒子运动速度减慢,Zeta电位增大,生成氢氧化钙镁沉淀的临界pH值增大,纯水矿浆中黄铁矿表面的FeO/OH的比例减小,Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)矿浆中黄铁矿表面FeO/OH含量的降低幅度减小,减少了黄铁矿表面的氧化程度和活性吸附位点,减少了Ca^(2+)、Ca(OH)+,Mg^(2+)和Mg(OH)+等离子在黄铁矿表面的吸附;但低温并不改变Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)在黄铁矿表面的存在形式和吸附状态,pH值为9时,钙镁均以Ca^(2+)、Ca(OH)+、Mg^(2+)、Mg(OH)+的形式存在并吸附在黄铁矿表面。

电流密度、温度、阴极孔隙率和N_(2)溶解度因子对Li-N_(2)电池放电性能的影响

Li-N_(2)电池是一种具有电化学固氮功能的新型储能系统,文章利用有限元软件COMSOL耦合多物理场建立的电化学模型能揭示各因素对其放电性能的影响。模拟结果表明:放电电流密度、温度、阴极孔隙率和电解液中的N_(2)溶解度因子对Li-N_(2)电池的放电性能均有影响;较大的放电电流密度会降低该电池的电压和容量;阴极孔隙率和电解液中的N_(2)溶解度因子是影响该电池电压和容量的关键性因素,提高阴极孔隙率和电解液中的N_(2)溶解度因子均能增加该电池的电压和容量;电池放电的平台电压随温度升高而升高,但放电容量几乎不受温度影响。

2-氨基苯甲酰胺衍生物的合成与应用

以2-氨基苯甲腈衍生物(2a~2f)为原料,在氢氧化钾碱性条件下发生水解反应合成了2-氨基苯甲酰胺衍生物(1a~1f),对合成条件进行了优化,通过1 HNMR对产物结构进行了表征。结果表明,在氢氧化钾用量n(KOH)∶n(2a)为4∶1、回流反应14 h的最佳条件下,衍生物1a的收率达到84%;以多聚磷酸为催化剂,衍生物1a与苯甲醛在微波辅助下可以合成7-甲基-2-苯基-2,3-二氢喹唑啉-4(1 H)-酮(3)。

荨麻多糖提取及其对HepG_(2)细胞的降糖作用研究

该文以荨麻为原材料,通过单因素试验和响应面试验优化半仿生提取荨麻多糖工艺。采用α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶抑制实验,测定荨麻多糖的降糖作用。通过构建胰岛素抵抗HepG_(2)细胞(insulin resistant HepG_(2),IR-HepG_(2))模型,测定甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、己糖激酶(hexokinase,HK)、丙酮酸激酶(pyruvate kinase,PK)、糖原含量来探讨荨麻多糖的降糖作用。结果表明,当pH_(1)3、pH_(2)8、料液比1∶16(g∶mL)、提取温度65℃、提取时间77 min时,荨麻多糖的得率为7.04%。α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶抑制实验表明,荨麻多糖可通过抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶来表现降糖作用。细胞实验表明,荨麻多糖可通过影响IR-HepG_(2)细胞的葡萄糖消耗来减轻胰岛素抵抗;通过提高HK、PK含量,促进糖原合成,降低TG含量来调节糖脂代谢,从而发挥降糖作用。综上所述,荨麻多糖具有较强降糖活性,为将其应用于糖尿病患者辅助功能食品提供理论依据。

多种构型超临界CO_(2)循环热力学解构分析与参数优化

新型超临界CO_(2)(S-CO_(2))循环可通过流程改良提高效率,构型复杂多样。为了直观阐明各种流程改良措施对循环效率提升的作用机制,本文将预压缩、后压缩、再压缩、间冷、再热等五种构型的S-CO_(2)循环解构为若干热功转换过程,建立各解构过程与循环效率之间的关联方程,进而开展流程参数优化。研究结果表明,预压缩、后压缩和再压缩方案均是通过增加压缩耗功,减少吸热量实现循环效率提升,其中再压缩方案效果最优,再压缩流量优化后循环效率提高5.1%;采用部分间冷方案,可有效降低压缩功耗,同时避免高品位热量贬值,间冷压力优化后循环效率提高2.2%;再热方案在不改变压缩耗功的前提下,增加透平出功,再热压力优化后循环效率提高1.9%;最后,循环联用再压缩、间冷和再热三种节能措施,可使效率提高9.3%。

A2O-MBBR工艺在农村生活污水处理中的应用

针对农村生活污水水质水量变化大的特点,应用基于A2O-MBBR工艺的一体化设备对农村生活污水进行处理,考察了该工艺的处理效果、经济指标和维护难度。实际运行表明:COD、氨氮、TP、TN平均去除率可分别达到78.58%、99.40%,95.94%,92.96%;此外,设备投资及运行成本较低,吨水能耗仅为0.7~0.8 kW·h/m^(3),节能效果明显且维护方便,适用于处理农村生活污水。

酸枣仁油的超临界CO_(2)萃取工艺及其抗氧化性研究

采用超临界CO_(2)萃取技术对酸枣仁进行油脂萃取。利用单因素实验方法考查了孔径、萃取温度、萃取压力、萃取时间四个因素对酸枣仁出油率的影响,最佳萃取条件下对酸枣仁油脂样品进行GC-MS组分分析及DPPH清除能力测定。结果表明:超临界CO_(2)萃取酸枣仁油的最佳工艺为过筛目数80目,温度为45℃,萃取压力40 MPa,时间30 min,在最佳萃取工艺条件下,出油率为29.40%。GC-MS检测结果表明酸枣仁油含有27种化合物,DPPH的清除率IC_(50)值为29.12 mg/mL。

预处理对TiB_(2)增强铝基复合材料电弧增材影响

以TiB_(2)/6056铝基复合材料丝材为焊材,采用冷金属过渡焊接技术,研究TiB_(2)增强铝基复合材料丝材的电弧增材,重点分析预热处理对增材层成形及接头质量的影响。结果表明:当焊接电流为140 A、送丝速度为8 m/min、焊接速度为5 mm/s、基板预热温度为200℃时制备的增材层与基板未预热制备的增材层相比,外观成形更好,气孔数目降低,气孔尺寸减小,晶粒更细小,TiB_(2)颗粒分散更好,且增材层硬度与拉伸性能均得到了提高。

Integrated vacuum pressure swing adsorption and Rectisol process for CO_(2) capture from underground coal gasification syngas

An integrated vacuum pressure swing adsorption(VPSA) and Rectisol process is proposed for CO_(2) capture from underground coal gasification(UCG) syngas. A ten-bed VPSA process with silica gel adsorbent is firstly designed to pre-separate and capture 74.57% CO_(2) with a CO_(2) purity of 98.35% from UCG syngas(CH_(4)/CO/CO_(2)/H_(2)/N_(2)= 30.77%/6.15%/44.10%/18.46%/0.52%, mole fraction, from Shaar Lake Mine Field,Xinjiang Province, China) with a feed pressure of 3.5 MPa. Subsequently, the Rectisol process is constructed to furtherly remove and capture the residual CO_(2)remained in light product gas from the VPSA process using cryogenic methanol(233.15 K, 100%(mass)) as absorbent. A final purified gas with CO_(2) concentration lower than 3% and a regenerated CO_(2) product with CO_(2) purity higher than 95% were achieved by using the Rectisol process. Comparisons indicate that the energy consumption is deceased from 2.143 MJ·kg^(-1) of the single Rectisol process to 1.008 MJ·kg^(-1) of the integrated VPSA & Rectisol process, which demonstrated that the deployed VPSA was an energy conservation process for CO_(2) capture from UCG syngas. Additionally, the high-value gas(e.g., CH_(4)) loss can be decreased and the effects of key operating parameters on the process performances were detailed.

倒置A^(2)/O-MBBR一体化设备处理农村污水试验

针对农村生活污水分散且收集困难等特点,开发了以倒置A^(2)/O+移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)+气提回流作为试验装置主体工艺的庭院式一体化处理设备。以调节池处理后的出水作为原水,装置好氧池内采用活性污泥挂膜法接种污泥。经过一个月稳定运行,试验装置出水平均COD、NH_(3)-N、TN、TP分别为47.79、4.14、15.75、1.70 mg/L;COD、NH_(3)-N、TN、TP平均去除率分别为75.32%、85.29%、60.68%、57.46%。在抗瞬时冲击试验中,试验装置在瞬时进水量为设计进水量200%的情况下仍能稳定运行,出水平均水平均COD、NH_(3)-N、TN、TP分别为54.23、0.63、14.75、1.62 mg/L;COD、NH_(3)-N、TN、TP平均去除率分别为83.89%、98.83%、70.37%、69.85%。经一体化设备处理的出水COD、NH_(3)-N、TN均能达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级B标准,TP达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)二级标准。

Activation of 2D MoS_(2) electrodes induced by high-rate lithiation processes

MoS_(2) is a highly promising material for application in lithium-ion battery anodes due to its high theoretical capacity and low cost.However,problems with a fast capacity decay over cycling,especially at the first cycles,and poor rate performance have deterred its practical implementation.Herein,electrodes comprised solely of few-layers 2D MoS_(2) nanosheets have been manufactured by scalable liquid-phase exfoliation and spray deposition methods.The long-standing controversy questioning the reversibility of conversion processes of MoS_(2)-based electrodes was addressed.Raman studies revealed that,in 2D MoS_(2) electrodes,conversion processes are indeed reversible,where nanostructure played a key role.Cycling of the electrodes at high current rates revealed an intriguing phenomenon consisting of a continuously increasing capacity after ca.100-200 cycles.This phenomenon was comprehensively addressed by a variety of electrochemical and microscopy methods that revealed underlying physical activation mechanisms that involved a range of profound electrode structural changes.Activation mechanisms delivered a capacitive electrode of a superior rate performance and cycling stability,as compared to the corresponding pristine electrodes,and to MoS_(2) electrodes previously reported.Herein,we have devised a methodology to overcome the problem of cycling stability of 2D MoS_(2) electrodes.Moreover,activation of electrodes constitutes a methodology that could be applied to enhance the energy storage performance of electrodes based on other 2D nanomaterials,or combinations thereof,strategically combining chemistries to engineer electrodes of superior energy storage properties.

不同烟气CO_(2)含量下近等温相变捕集工艺调节策略模拟分析

CO_(2)相变捕集工艺具有较低的再生能耗,但在实际生产中,上游工艺产生的烟气中CO_(2)含量(物质的量分数,下同)不稳定,可导致工艺的整体能耗发生变化,因此需研究不同烟气CO_(2)含量下该工艺参数的调节策略。通过Python语言调用AspenPlus对近等温CO_(2)相变捕集工艺进行了模拟计算,分析了不同CO_(2)含量下吸收塔温度(ta)、解吸塔温度(td)、液/气比(v)、胺浓度(c)、解吸液循环比(s)对再生能耗和CO_(2)捕集率的影响以及相应的调节策略。结果表明,td对CO_(2)捕集率的影响最显著,当CO_(2)含量为5.00%时,其相关性系数最高(74.78%);ta对再生能耗的影响最显著,当CO_(2)含量为20.00%时,其相关性系数最高(-55.26%)。在维持CO_(2)捕集率大于等于90.00%的条件下,随着CO_(2)含量从5.00%升高至20.00%,再生能耗从2.35GJ/t降低至2.13GJ/t。此外,应根据CO_(2)含量对ta、td、c和v进行相应调节,以确保CO_(2)捕集率大于等于90.00%并且再生能耗最低。

缩口T型微通道内纳米流体吸收CO_(2)的流动与传质研究

构建了一种气相缩口的T型微通道,研究了二氧化硅(SiO_(2))纳米流体吸收CO_(2)过程的气液两相流动与传质性能。在实验范围内,观察到了泡状流、串珠流、紧密弹状流和弹状-环状流。随着气相流速的增加,泡状流的气泡生成频率f和比表面积a快速增大,串珠流的f和a变化很小,紧密弹状流的f和a逐渐减小。随着连续相和分散相流速的增大以及纳米颗粒浓度的升高,液侧体积传质系数均表现出增大的趋势。与等宽T型通道相比,缩口T型微通道的最大比表面积增幅达29.6%。结果表明气相入口的缩径效应可有效提高气液两相流的传质面积,有利于气液传质性能的改善和提高。

Mechanism of microarc oxidation on AZ91D Mg alloy induced byβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12) phase

This work proposed a strategy of indirectly inducing uniform microarc discharge by controlling the content and distribution ofβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12)phase in AZ91D Mg alloy.Two kinds of nano-particles(ZrO_(2)and TiO_(2))were designed to be added into the substrate of Mg alloy by friction stir processing(FSP).Then,Mg alloy sample designed with different precipitated morphology ofβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12)phase was treated by microarc oxidation(MAO)in Na_(3)PO_(4)/Na2SiO3electrolyte.The characteristics and performance of the MAO coating was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS),X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),contact angle meter,and potentiodynamic polarization.It was found that the coarseα-Mg grains in extruded AZ91D Mg alloy were refined by FSP,and theβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12)phase with reticular structure was broken and dispersed.The nano-ZrO_(2)particles were pinned at the grain boundary by FSP,which refined theα-Mg grain and promoted the precipitation ofβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12)phase in grains.It effectively inhibited the“cascade”phenomenon of microarcs,which induced the uniform distribution of discharge pores.The MAO coating on Zr-FSP sample had good wettability and corrosion resistance.However,TiO_(2)particles were hardly detected in the coating on TiFSP sample.