RNA荧光原位杂交(RNA-fluorescence in situ hybridization,RNA-FISH)技术利用荧光标记的核苷酸探针,通过互补链杂交,对细胞或组织中特定的RNA序列进行检测和定位。由于RNA-FISH产生的阳性信号较弱,需要结合特异性信号放大,提高信噪比...RNA荧光原位杂交(RNA-fluorescence in situ hybridization,RNA-FISH)技术利用荧光标记的核苷酸探针,通过互补链杂交,对细胞或组织中特定的RNA序列进行检测和定位。由于RNA-FISH产生的阳性信号较弱,需要结合特异性信号放大,提高信噪比。但传统信号放大技术的背景难以消除,无法定量且分辨率低,是RNA-FISH技术应用的巨大障碍。本文基于第3代杂交链反应(hybridization chain reaction version 3.0,HCR v3.0),利用一对分裂式探针消除非特异杂交背景,并引发荧光信号放大反应,建立了针对肠道病毒A71(enterovirus-A71,EV-A71)RNA的敏感、特异的FISH检测方法,并将该技术与蛋白免疫荧光(immunofluorescence,IF)检测结合,通过高分辨率激光共聚焦成像,成功地在单个细胞水平上检测了EV-A71感染细胞后病毒RNA与其聚合酶3D蛋白的分布变化和相互作用情况,并对细胞中病毒RNA和3D蛋白进行定量。发现相较于传统定量方法,如逆转录定量聚合酶链反应和免疫印迹,新一代RNA-FISH技术在单个细胞水平上病毒RNA和3D聚合酶的表达情况与群体细胞检测的结果在趋势上有明显差异。这说明,基于杂交链反应的新一代RNA-FISH技术,可以克服群体细胞数量增减掩盖病毒组分变化的缺点,从而真实反映病毒在单个细胞中的变化。展开更多
肠道病毒A71型(enterovirus A71,EV-A71)是导致手足口病(hand-foot-mouth disease,HFMD)的主要病原体之一,目前对其治疗尚无特异高效的抗病毒药物。研究表明,细胞膜转运相关分子参与病毒的入侵、复制以及感染性子代病毒颗粒的释放。为...肠道病毒A71型(enterovirus A71,EV-A71)是导致手足口病(hand-foot-mouth disease,HFMD)的主要病原体之一,目前对其治疗尚无特异高效的抗病毒药物。研究表明,细胞膜转运相关分子参与病毒的入侵、复制以及感染性子代病毒颗粒的释放。为寻找宿主中可有效抑制EV-A71感染的细胞膜转运分子,本研究以人结肠癌细胞(Caco-2)为靶细胞,采用RNA干扰技术下调细胞中14个转运相关膜蛋白的表达。结果显示,针对这14个膜蛋白目的基因设计的小干扰RNA(small interfering RNA,siRNA)均能有效抑制靶蛋白的表达,有效抑制率达50%以上(P<0.05),且各siRNA转染均未对细胞产生明显毒性。其中,转染ATP结合盒转运蛋白C3(ATP-binding cassette transport subfamily C member 3,ABCC3)siRNA(SEQ ID NO:1)和溶质载体家族7成员7(solute carrier family 7 member 7,SLC7A7)siRNA(SEQ ID NO:29)的干扰效率分别高达87.82%和88.44%。ABCC3和SLC7A7基因下调可明显抑制EV-A71的复制,抑制率分别达87.05%和81.66%。结果表明,ABCC3和SLC7A7在EV-A71感染Caco-2细胞中发挥着重要作用,可为临床EV-A71感染的预防和治疗提供潜在靶点。展开更多
Hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)is a major public health problem among children in the Asia-Pacific region.The optimal specimen for HFMD virological diagnosis remains unclear.Enterovirus A71(EV-A71)neutralizing antib...Hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)is a major public health problem among children in the Asia-Pacific region.The optimal specimen for HFMD virological diagnosis remains unclear.Enterovirus A71(EV-A71)neutralizing antibody titres detected in paired sera were considered the reference standard for calculating the sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative predictive value of throat swabs,rectal swabs,stool,blood samples and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)by RT-PCR or ELISA assay.In this study,clinical samples from 276 HFMD patients were collected for analysing the sensitivity of different kind of specimens.Our results showed that stool had the highest sensitivity(88%,95%CI:74%–96%)and agreement with the reference standard(91%).The order of diagnostic yield for EV-A71 infection was stool samplerectal swab>throat swab>blood sample>CSF sample,and using a combination of clinical samples improved sensitivity for enterovirus detection.The sensitivity of ELISA for IgM antibody detection in sterile-site specimens was significantly higher than that of RT-PCR(serum/plasma:62%vs.2%,CSF:47%vs.0%)(P<0.002).In conclusion,our results suggest that stool has the highest diagnostic yield for EV-A71-infected HFMD.If stool is unavailable,rectal swabs can be collected to achieve a similar diagnostic yield.Otherwise,throat swabs may be useful in detecting positive samples.Although IgM in blood or CSF is diagnostically accurate,it lacks sensitivity,missing 40%–50%of cases.The higher proportion of severe cases and shorter interval between onset and sampling contributed to the increase in congruency between clinical testing and the serological reference standard.展开更多
Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is a significant hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) etiology. The inactivated EV-A71 vaccines were approved in China in 2016. However, the seroprevalence of EV-A71 after the vaccine application an...Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is a significant hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) etiology. The inactivated EV-A71 vaccines were approved in China in 2016. However, the seroprevalence of EV-A71 after the vaccine application and its potential association with the EV-A71 epidemic in the population are rarely studied. In this study, we analyzed the incidence of EV-A71 infection and seroepidemiology in Guangzhou City, China. From 2019 to 2021, 167,920 clinically confirmed HFMD cases were reported in Guangzhou. In 6,868 enterovirus-positive samples, Coxsackievirus A6 and Coxsackievirus A16 were dominant genotypes, and only 3 EV-A71-positive samples were detected, highlighting the deficient epidemic activity of EV-A71. Microneutralization assay was performed on 1,000 representative serum samples. Notably, the seroprevalence and geometric mean titer (GMT) decreased significantly in 2020, and that in the < 3-year age group were increased and even higher than that in 3–5-year age group in 2019 and 2021, which was contrary to our previous surveillance result and other studies in Guangzhou. Furthermore, a moderate decline of GMT level was observed following the vaccination, but the seropositive serums were still detected for 49 months after second immunization, suggesting the long-term persistence of the immunity. Our seroepidemiology study revealed relatively higher neutralizing antibody activity in the susceptible population after the EV-A71 vaccine was adopted in 2016 in Guangzhou. It may be one of the reasons for the lower epidemic activity of EV-A71 in Guangzhou from 2019 to 2021.展开更多
手足口病（Hand,foot and mouth disease,HFMD）是一种具有高度传染性的病毒性传染病,通常夏秋季高发于幼儿和儿童;若患儿并发呼吸和循环功能障碍、神经系统受累等临床症状称为重症HFMD。少数重症病例可出现肺水肿、脑炎和急性弛缓性麻...手足口病（Hand,foot and mouth disease,HFMD）是一种具有高度传染性的病毒性传染病,通常夏秋季高发于幼儿和儿童;若患儿并发呼吸和循环功能障碍、神经系统受累等临床症状称为重症HFMD。少数重症病例可出现肺水肿、脑炎和急性弛缓性麻痹等罕见的神经或循环系统并发症,甚至导致患儿死亡。引起HFMD最常见的病原是肠道病毒A71型（EV-A71）和柯萨奇病毒A16型（CV-A16）,而EV-A71是引起重症HFMD的主要病原体。EV-A71导致的重症HFMD已成为全球重要的公共卫生问题,减少EV-A71流行范围和预防EV-A71重症HFMD非常重要。EV-A71疫苗是目前最有效的预防重症HFMD发生的措施;中国已经批准了三个厂家的灭活EV-A71疫苗上市并已开展适龄儿童接种,以期预防EV-A71感染引起的重症HFMD,但这种疫苗不能预防其它肠道病毒如CV-A16,CV-A6和CV-A10等引起的HFMD。据文献报道,小分子抑制剂芦平曲韦可以通过阻止EV-A71的3Cpro蛋白活性来抑制EV-A71复制;小干扰RNA和单克隆抗体也可抑制EV-A71复制。研制EV-A71和CVA16双价灭活疫苗是防控HFMD的策略之一,而小分子抑制剂、小干扰RNA和单克隆抗体的研制和应用等也是临床防治HFMD的探索。展开更多
肠道病毒A71型(Enterovirus A71,EV-A71)是手足口病的重要病原体,为研究EV-A71感染人扁桃体上皮细胞后对细胞凋亡和细胞周期的影响,确定ERK1/2、JNK1/2、PI3K/Akt和含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶(Cysteinyl aspartate specific protei...肠道病毒A71型(Enterovirus A71,EV-A71)是手足口病的重要病原体,为研究EV-A71感染人扁桃体上皮细胞后对细胞凋亡和细胞周期的影响,确定ERK1/2、JNK1/2、PI3K/Akt和含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶(Cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase,Caspase)的作用,本文以人扁桃体上皮细胞系UT-SCC-60B为细胞模型,CCK-8试剂盒检测EV-A71对UT-SCC-60B的抑制率、流式细胞仪检测EV-A71感染组和抑制剂处理组的凋亡和细胞周期、Caspase活力检测试剂盒测定Caspase-3,Caspase-8,Caspase-9活力。EV-A71以感染剂量和感染时间依赖方式抑制UT-SCC-60B增殖;EV-A71感染致UT-SCC-60B发生细胞凋亡,抑制ERK1/2、JNK1/2和PI3K/Akt能够降低UT-SCC-60B细胞凋亡比例;EV-A71感染UT-SCC-60B后发生S期阻滞,抑制ERK1/2、JNK1/2、PI3K/Akt和Caspase阻止UT-SCC-60B发生S期阻滞;EV-A71感染UT-SCC-60B能够活化Caspase-3,Caspase-8,Caspase-9且ERK1/2、JNK1/2和PI3K/Akt调控Caspase-3,Caspase-8,Caspase-9活力。因此,EV-A71能够导致人扁桃体上皮细胞UT-SCC-60B发生凋亡和S期阻滞,并且ERK1/2、JNK1/2、PI3K/Akt和Caspase参与凋亡和S期阻滞的调控。展开更多
文摘RNA荧光原位杂交(RNA-fluorescence in situ hybridization,RNA-FISH)技术利用荧光标记的核苷酸探针,通过互补链杂交,对细胞或组织中特定的RNA序列进行检测和定位。由于RNA-FISH产生的阳性信号较弱,需要结合特异性信号放大,提高信噪比。但传统信号放大技术的背景难以消除,无法定量且分辨率低,是RNA-FISH技术应用的巨大障碍。本文基于第3代杂交链反应(hybridization chain reaction version 3.0,HCR v3.0),利用一对分裂式探针消除非特异杂交背景,并引发荧光信号放大反应,建立了针对肠道病毒A71(enterovirus-A71,EV-A71)RNA的敏感、特异的FISH检测方法,并将该技术与蛋白免疫荧光(immunofluorescence,IF)检测结合,通过高分辨率激光共聚焦成像,成功地在单个细胞水平上检测了EV-A71感染细胞后病毒RNA与其聚合酶3D蛋白的分布变化和相互作用情况,并对细胞中病毒RNA和3D蛋白进行定量。发现相较于传统定量方法,如逆转录定量聚合酶链反应和免疫印迹,新一代RNA-FISH技术在单个细胞水平上病毒RNA和3D聚合酶的表达情况与群体细胞检测的结果在趋势上有明显差异。这说明,基于杂交链反应的新一代RNA-FISH技术,可以克服群体细胞数量增减掩盖病毒组分变化的缺点,从而真实反映病毒在单个细胞中的变化。
文摘肠道病毒A71型(enterovirus A71,EV-A71)是导致手足口病(hand-foot-mouth disease,HFMD)的主要病原体之一,目前对其治疗尚无特异高效的抗病毒药物。研究表明,细胞膜转运相关分子参与病毒的入侵、复制以及感染性子代病毒颗粒的释放。为寻找宿主中可有效抑制EV-A71感染的细胞膜转运分子,本研究以人结肠癌细胞(Caco-2)为靶细胞,采用RNA干扰技术下调细胞中14个转运相关膜蛋白的表达。结果显示,针对这14个膜蛋白目的基因设计的小干扰RNA(small interfering RNA,siRNA)均能有效抑制靶蛋白的表达,有效抑制率达50%以上(P<0.05),且各siRNA转染均未对细胞产生明显毒性。其中,转染ATP结合盒转运蛋白C3(ATP-binding cassette transport subfamily C member 3,ABCC3)siRNA(SEQ ID NO:1)和溶质载体家族7成员7(solute carrier family 7 member 7,SLC7A7)siRNA(SEQ ID NO:29)的干扰效率分别高达87.82%和88.44%。ABCC3和SLC7A7基因下调可明显抑制EV-A71的复制,抑制率分别达87.05%和81.66%。结果表明,ABCC3和SLC7A7在EV-A71感染Caco-2细胞中发挥着重要作用,可为临床EV-A71感染的预防和治疗提供潜在靶点。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(No.81525023)in whole or in part,by a Wellcome Trust fellowship awarded to LT[205228/Z/16/Z]supported by the National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections(grant no.NIHR200907)at University of Liverpool in partnership with Public Health England(PHE),in collaboration with Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and the University of Oxford.LT is based at the University of Liverpool.
文摘Hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)is a major public health problem among children in the Asia-Pacific region.The optimal specimen for HFMD virological diagnosis remains unclear.Enterovirus A71(EV-A71)neutralizing antibody titres detected in paired sera were considered the reference standard for calculating the sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative predictive value of throat swabs,rectal swabs,stool,blood samples and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)by RT-PCR or ELISA assay.In this study,clinical samples from 276 HFMD patients were collected for analysing the sensitivity of different kind of specimens.Our results showed that stool had the highest sensitivity(88%,95%CI:74%–96%)and agreement with the reference standard(91%).The order of diagnostic yield for EV-A71 infection was stool samplerectal swab>throat swab>blood sample>CSF sample,and using a combination of clinical samples improved sensitivity for enterovirus detection.The sensitivity of ELISA for IgM antibody detection in sterile-site specimens was significantly higher than that of RT-PCR(serum/plasma:62%vs.2%,CSF:47%vs.0%)(P<0.002).In conclusion,our results suggest that stool has the highest diagnostic yield for EV-A71-infected HFMD.If stool is unavailable,rectal swabs can be collected to achieve a similar diagnostic yield.Otherwise,throat swabs may be useful in detecting positive samples.Although IgM in blood or CSF is diagnostically accurate,it lacks sensitivity,missing 40%–50%of cases.The higher proportion of severe cases and shorter interval between onset and sampling contributed to the increase in congruency between clinical testing and the serological reference standard.
基金supported by the Guangzhou Science and Technol-0gy Planning Project(202002030099)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2023A1515011927).
文摘Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is a significant hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) etiology. The inactivated EV-A71 vaccines were approved in China in 2016. However, the seroprevalence of EV-A71 after the vaccine application and its potential association with the EV-A71 epidemic in the population are rarely studied. In this study, we analyzed the incidence of EV-A71 infection and seroepidemiology in Guangzhou City, China. From 2019 to 2021, 167,920 clinically confirmed HFMD cases were reported in Guangzhou. In 6,868 enterovirus-positive samples, Coxsackievirus A6 and Coxsackievirus A16 were dominant genotypes, and only 3 EV-A71-positive samples were detected, highlighting the deficient epidemic activity of EV-A71. Microneutralization assay was performed on 1,000 representative serum samples. Notably, the seroprevalence and geometric mean titer (GMT) decreased significantly in 2020, and that in the < 3-year age group were increased and even higher than that in 3–5-year age group in 2019 and 2021, which was contrary to our previous surveillance result and other studies in Guangzhou. Furthermore, a moderate decline of GMT level was observed following the vaccination, but the seropositive serums were still detected for 49 months after second immunization, suggesting the long-term persistence of the immunity. Our seroepidemiology study revealed relatively higher neutralizing antibody activity in the susceptible population after the EV-A71 vaccine was adopted in 2016 in Guangzhou. It may be one of the reasons for the lower epidemic activity of EV-A71 in Guangzhou from 2019 to 2021.
文摘手足口病（Hand,foot and mouth disease,HFMD）是一种具有高度传染性的病毒性传染病,通常夏秋季高发于幼儿和儿童;若患儿并发呼吸和循环功能障碍、神经系统受累等临床症状称为重症HFMD。少数重症病例可出现肺水肿、脑炎和急性弛缓性麻痹等罕见的神经或循环系统并发症,甚至导致患儿死亡。引起HFMD最常见的病原是肠道病毒A71型（EV-A71）和柯萨奇病毒A16型（CV-A16）,而EV-A71是引起重症HFMD的主要病原体。EV-A71导致的重症HFMD已成为全球重要的公共卫生问题,减少EV-A71流行范围和预防EV-A71重症HFMD非常重要。EV-A71疫苗是目前最有效的预防重症HFMD发生的措施;中国已经批准了三个厂家的灭活EV-A71疫苗上市并已开展适龄儿童接种,以期预防EV-A71感染引起的重症HFMD,但这种疫苗不能预防其它肠道病毒如CV-A16,CV-A6和CV-A10等引起的HFMD。据文献报道,小分子抑制剂芦平曲韦可以通过阻止EV-A71的3Cpro蛋白活性来抑制EV-A71复制;小干扰RNA和单克隆抗体也可抑制EV-A71复制。研制EV-A71和CVA16双价灭活疫苗是防控HFMD的策略之一,而小分子抑制剂、小干扰RNA和单克隆抗体的研制和应用等也是临床防治HFMD的探索。
文摘肠道病毒A71型(Enterovirus A71,EV-A71)是手足口病的重要病原体,为研究EV-A71感染人扁桃体上皮细胞后对细胞凋亡和细胞周期的影响,确定ERK1/2、JNK1/2、PI3K/Akt和含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶(Cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase,Caspase)的作用,本文以人扁桃体上皮细胞系UT-SCC-60B为细胞模型,CCK-8试剂盒检测EV-A71对UT-SCC-60B的抑制率、流式细胞仪检测EV-A71感染组和抑制剂处理组的凋亡和细胞周期、Caspase活力检测试剂盒测定Caspase-3,Caspase-8,Caspase-9活力。EV-A71以感染剂量和感染时间依赖方式抑制UT-SCC-60B增殖;EV-A71感染致UT-SCC-60B发生细胞凋亡,抑制ERK1/2、JNK1/2和PI3K/Akt能够降低UT-SCC-60B细胞凋亡比例;EV-A71感染UT-SCC-60B后发生S期阻滞,抑制ERK1/2、JNK1/2、PI3K/Akt和Caspase阻止UT-SCC-60B发生S期阻滞;EV-A71感染UT-SCC-60B能够活化Caspase-3,Caspase-8,Caspase-9且ERK1/2、JNK1/2和PI3K/Akt调控Caspase-3,Caspase-8,Caspase-9活力。因此,EV-A71能够导致人扁桃体上皮细胞UT-SCC-60B发生凋亡和S期阻滞,并且ERK1/2、JNK1/2、PI3K/Akt和Caspase参与凋亡和S期阻滞的调控。
