AA7075-T6铝合金电阻点焊工艺参数优化研究

轻量化结构设计在保证了结构强度的前提下降低了整车质量,减少了能量消耗,成为汽车工业和航空航天的研究重点。本工作通过建立正交实验获取AA7075-T6铝合金的最佳焊接工艺参数。对接头进行拉伸剪切实验、金相观察和显微硬度测试,并对最优参数组合进行数值模拟,以研究焊接工艺参数对接头质量的影响。结果表明:当焊接时间为60 ms、焊接电流为17 kA、电极压力为0.22 MPa时,点焊接头的综合力学性能最好;焊接参数对电阻点焊接头力学性能的影响顺序为焊接时间>焊接电流>电极压力。焊接过程数值模拟得到的熔核尺寸与实验结果一致。焊接过程发生飞溅和熔核存在缩孔缺陷,导致接头的力学性能较差,失效模式为界面断裂。由于焊接过程接头显微组织发生变化,接头显微硬度变化呈“W”形。

等离子体处理对AA7075铝合金表面特性及胶接性能的影响

目的改善AA7075铝合金的胶接性能及表面特性,提高胶接强度,研究等离子体处理对AA7075铝合金表面特性的影响。方法采用低温空气等离子体处理设备对AA7075铝合金进行表面处理,改变等离子体处理距离及处理速度,通过胶接及拉伸剪切试验对AA7075铝合金胶接强度进行测试,并利用SEM、AFM、接触角测量仪、FTIR、XPS等对铝合金表面的物化特性进行表征和分析,探究等离子体处理对铝合金胶接性能的影响及机理。结果当等离子体处理距离d为5 mm,速度v为2 mm/s时,AA7075铝合金胶接接头强度最大为14.56 MPa,与丙酮处理及未处理相比,分别提高约80%、200%。接头拉伸载荷位移曲线及破坏形貌表明,接头内聚破坏程度增大,胶粘剂呈内聚破坏形态分布在铝合金两侧。随着处理距离从10 mm降低至5 mm,铝合金表面部分污染物可以有效清除,表面最大高度差从221.8 nm降低至121.6 nm,表面微米级粗糙轮廓增加。同时,表面水接触角从46°降低至26°,表面自由能及极性分量增加,铝合金表面润湿性及表面吸附性能提高。表面FTIR、XPS测试表明,等离子体处理可以改变AA7075铝合金表面C1s、O1s、Al2p、N1s、Mg1s等元素含量占比,表面C—C、C—O和O—C=O基团含量减少,OH、Al—O等极性基团增多,铝合金表面活性明显增加。结论等离子体处理可以显著提高AA7075铝合金胶接强度,胶接接头失效模式由单一界面失效转变为胶粘剂内聚失效。等离子体处理通过改善AA7075铝合金表面润湿、黏附性能,增大粘结面积,同时提高表面极性基团及表面活性,使铝合金与胶粘剂胶接界面形成化学键合作用,从而提高其与胶粘剂界面的粘结强度。

自然时效对AA7075板材锯齿形屈服行为的影响

基于高强铝合金低温形变热处理工艺,研究了自然时效对AA7075铝合金力学性能的影响并使用透射电镜(TEM)对热处理后的组织形貌进行了观察。将板材试样单向拉伸与三维数字图像相关(3D-DIC)技术相结合,研究了自然时效对板材拉伸变形锯齿形屈服行为(Portevin-Le Chatelier,PLC效应)的影响,对B型、C型PLC效应时域和空域行为的相关性进行了研究;应用轮廓扫描与3D-DIC等技术手段,研究了PLC效应为对变形试样表面质量的影响机制。研究表明:随自然时效时间延长,PLC效应产生的应力锯齿和PLC变形带特征均由C型向B型转变,直至消失;变形试样表面波纹度减弱。对于PLC变形带的带静态行为,变形带作用位置随机,产生周期短,对试件表面质量的影响最大;带动态行为,PLC变形带传播引发板材表面质点产生连续、均匀的厚向位移,对表面质量影响小。

应力控制模式下疲劳损伤对AA7075-T651铝合金腐蚀行为影响的研究

通过AA7075-T651铝合金中断疲劳实验、含疲劳损伤试样的拉伸实验、电化学实验及微观结构观察等系统地探究了应力控制模式下疲劳损伤对其力学性能及腐蚀行为的影响。实验结果表明:应力控制模式下的疲劳损伤不仅可以提升AA7075铝合金的综合力学性能,还可以增加其耐腐蚀性,而疲劳损伤前后的微观结构变化(位错密度增加及二次相析出)是影响AA7075铝合金力学性能及腐蚀行为变化的根本原因。

AA7075板材热处理的增塑机制及成形性能

结合生产工艺过程,研究了成形所需固溶处理、工序衔接所需自然时效、性能恢复所需人工时效对板材力学性能和成形性能的影响;通过金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和能谱分析等手段,探索热处理对板材显微组织与宏观力学性能的影响。结果表明:AA7075板材经固溶(480℃,0.5 h)水淬且自然时效处理后,最大力总伸长率提高85%、屈服强度降低60%,后经人工时效(120℃,12 h)处理,板材可完全恢复力学性能;固溶后,板材成形极限大幅提高,回弹比率显著减小;后继时效处理对弯曲角变化影响微弱。

Corrosion behavior and mechanical properties of cold metal transfer welded dissimilar AA7075-AA5754 alloys

Cold metal transfer(CMT) welding is a brand-new arc welding technique which shows adequate results for welding of thin sheets and dissimilar materials. Corrosion behavior of dissimilar aluminum joints should be determined in terms of predicting the effect of welding process on the possible failures in their constructions caused by corrosive agents. The present study investigates the effect of heat input on mechanical properties and corrosion rate of AA5754-AA7075 joints welded by CMT using ER5356 filler wire. Pore formation was observed not only in the weld metal but also in the partially melted zone of AA7075 base metal due to the vaporization of zinc. Increased heat input caused over aging and zinc vaporization in AA7075 base metal, and grain coarsening in AA5754 base metal consequently decreased the tensile strength. The average tensile strength of AA7075-AA5754 joints varies between 235 and 240 MPa. The ductile fracture occurred at the AA5754 base metal side in all samples. Pitting was observed as the dominant corrosion mechanism. Corrosion resistance tended to increase with increasing heat input. Heat input values between 95 and 110 J/mm are recommended for the optimization of corrosion resistance and strength.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded AA7075-T651 aluminum alloy thick plates

Friction stir butt welding of AA7075-T651 plates with thicknesses of 10 and 16 mm was investigated. Defect-free, full- penetration welds were obtained after careful process parameter selection. While the nuggets in both welds exhibited very fine reerystallized grains, and finer grains were observed in welds made on 10 mm thick plates. Microhardness surveys revealed that significant loss in hardness occurs in the heat-affected zone. The reduction in hardness due to the welding process is higher in the case of welds made on 16 mm thick plates. Welds made on 10 mm thick plates exhibited superior tensile properties compared with those made on 16 mm thick plates. Fracture during tensile test occurred in the heat-affected zone in both cases. TEM images of specimens revealed that the heat-affected zone consisted of widened precipitate-free zones along grain boundaries and partial dissolution of precipitates in the grain interiors. It is concluded that defect-free single pass welds can be made on AA7075-T651 thick plates using friction stir welding and the welds made on 10 mm thick plates exhibit high joint efficiency.

Cooling slope casting of AA7075 alloy combined with reheating and thixoforging

Cooling slope casting has been applied to aluminium casting alloys for producing ingots with non-dendritic microstructure.Semi-solid forming of the AA7075 was studied via cooling slope casting,reheating and thixoforging processes in order to determine the effect of semi-solid casting on the microstructure of the alloy.AA7075 ingots with non-dendritic microstructure were produced with cooling slope pouring.Castings were characterized by light microscopy,image analysis,scanning electron microscopy and EDS analysis.The resulting structures are promising in terms of grain size and sphericity.It was realized that grain coarsening may occur very suddenly in the reheating process.Cooling slope castings were obtained with 30°and 60°inclination angles,and in comparison,60°castings showed better results.Moreover,by using short reheating periods,semi-solid forging causes trace formation in the solid grains.

Tensile fracture behavior of AA7075 alloy produced by thixocasting

Tensile fracture behaviors of thixocast, artificially aged thixocast （thixocast＋T6） and as-extruded AA7075 alloys were investigated. The microstructural and fractographic observations were carried out using optical microscope （OM） and scanning electron microscope （SEM）. Experimental studies showed that as-extruded and thixocast＋T6 specimens exhibited considerably more excellent mechanical properties than as-thixocast AA7075 specimen. T6 artificial heat treatment with prolonged solution treatment significantly improved the tensile properties of the thixocast AA7075 alloy. The tensile properties of as-extruded and thixocast＋T6 specimens were close to each other. In as-thixocast specimen having remarkable micro-cracks, fracture was intergranular brittle type. The ductile fracture surfaces were observed in as-extruded and thixocast＋T6 specimens. In as-thixocast specimens, decohesion started between the eutectic-matrix interfaces and propagated through grains. Micro-void coalescence was the dominant form of fracture in thixocast＋T6 heat treated specimens. The micro-voids nucleation was initiated at the interface between the matrix and multinary eutectic structure.

单辊驱动轧制对Al-5.6Zn-2.5Mg-1.4Cu铝合金显微组织、织构和力学性能各向异性的影响

研究在单辊驱动轧制Al-5.6Zn-2.5Mg-1.4Cu合金过程中,材料显微组织和织构的变化,并详细研究其力学性能各向异性与显微组织和织构的关系。对样品固溶处理后立即进行单辊驱动轧制,厚度减薄率分别为10%、20%、40%和60%。通过光学和扫描电子显微镜对显微组织进行表征,通过X射线衍射仪对织构进行表征,并对拉伸力学性能进行分析。结果表明,减薄率为40%和60%的轧制样品,其面内各向异性值从固溶处理合金的11.6%分别显著降低到2.4%和3.1%。这是由于旋转立方织构的形成减小了总的织构强度以及动态再结晶过程中新晶粒的形成。由于样品中晶粒形貌和织构不同,样品轧制方向(RD)比横向(TD)的屈服强度高。沿RD存在的几个较强取向导致沿RD(0°)的Portevin–LeChatelier(PLC)效应明显低于沿HD(45°)和TD(90°)的。随着厚度减薄率的增大,织构强度减小,导致RD、HD和TD之间的应变硬化率差异减小。而对于减薄率为60%的样品,其RD、HD和TD的断裂面无差异,说明其断裂行为为各向同性。

烘烤时间对AA7075高强铝合金组织和性能的影响

采用透射电镜、万能试验机和电化学测试等试验手段,研究了烘烤时间对AA7075高强铝合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明,随着烘烤时间的延长,η′相的数量先上升后下降,3 h烘烤样品主要析出相为粗大的η相。同时,η′相是合金的主要强化相,η′相数量的增加和η′相向η相的转变促使合金的强度先上升后下降,2 h烘烤下的合金强度最高,屈服强度和抗拉强度分别达到392 MPa和458 MPa。3 h烘烤样品的粗大晶界析出相可降低晶界敏感性,阻碍腐蚀沿晶界扩展,显著提高合金耐腐蚀性。

AA7075高强铝合金热冲压流变行为本构模型对比研究

在热冲压过程中,AA7075高强铝合金板料经充分固溶后移入室温模具进行冲压成形并淬火。为表征AA7075铝合金在热冲压工艺中的变形行为,在温度200~480℃、应变速率0.01~10s-1范围内进行了高温拉伸试验。基于Arrhenius类型本构模型、Johnson-Cook模型以及Zerilli-Armstrong模型提出了多种修正本构模型,并应用实验所获流变曲线进行了拟合。提出的修正模型通过将模型参数表示为应变、应变速率及温度相关的多项式函数耦合了应变、应变速率及温度对流变应力的影响,并通过均方误差(MSE)以及相关系数R值对模型流变应力预测准确性进行了评价。结果表明,修正的Johnson-Cook模型能够更加准确的预测AA7075高温流变行为。

腐蚀损伤对AA7075-T651铝合金疲劳行为影响的研究

为研究腐蚀损伤对AA7075-T651铝合金疲劳行为的影响,首先分别将AA7075-T651铝合金试样浸泡在3.5%(质量分数) NaCl溶液中150和500 h,然后,使用含腐蚀损伤试样进行疲劳试验,获得含不同腐蚀损伤特征试样的疲劳寿命分布特征。结果表明,与原始试样的疲劳寿命相比,相同载荷条件下腐蚀损伤会明显地降低铝合金的疲劳寿命,但是,尽管浸泡500 h试样的腐蚀损伤特征尺寸明显大于浸泡150 h的,两者的疲劳寿命差异却并不明显。针对腐蚀损伤特征与疲劳寿命的关系,本文采用缺口系数相关的Stromeyer三参数S-N预测模型,对含腐蚀损伤铝合金试样的疲劳寿命进行了预测分析,实验结果基本分布在预测结果的二倍分散带内,有效地验证了该寿命预测方法的准确性。

金属薄壁管件外压缩径成形理论及实验研究

起皱失稳问题是空心薄壁类零件在加工和应用领域的主要瓶颈。基于此,对金属薄壁管件缩径成形过程中的弹塑性失稳规律进行研究,提出预测缩径褶皱、提高成形件质量的方法及技术手段。基于L.H.Donnell线性屈曲理论,推导了管坯均布外压作用下的环向弹性及塑性起皱临界载荷表达式;探讨了成形条件及材料参数对管材抗起皱性能强弱的影响。利用固体颗粒介质缩径工艺实现了AA7075管材不同热处理条件下的缩径成形,工艺试验验证了管材缩径成形起皱失稳理论的相关结论。