The fifth intergovernmental negotiations on marine BBNJ(Biodiversity beyond Areas of National Jurisdiction)concluded in August 2022,in which there are still major differences regarding access to marine genetic resourc...The fifth intergovernmental negotiations on marine BBNJ(Biodiversity beyond Areas of National Jurisdiction)concluded in August 2022,in which there are still major differences regarding access to marine genetic resources,management,and technology transfer.China’s participation in the development of marine genetic resources in ABNJ(areas beyond national jurisdiction)has many dilemmas,which are linked to the difficulties faced in advancing the BBNJ negotiations.The following countermeasures are proposed at the institutional and practical levels respectively:clarifying the legal attributes and applicability of the principles of marine genetic resources;establishing mechanisms for access,management,environmental impact assessment and benefit sharing of marine genetic resources;and using the“Blue Partnership”to build a governance mechanism for marine genetic resources to achieve mutual benefits.展开更多
国家管辖范围外(Areas beyond National Jurisdiction,以下简称ABNJ)渔业法律制度随着海域划界变迁和捕鱼能力的提升,经历了显著的变化,形成了由分散到集中再到分散的制度模式。现有的ABNJ渔业法律制度大体分为:国际性渔业法律制度、区...国家管辖范围外(Areas beyond National Jurisdiction,以下简称ABNJ)渔业法律制度随着海域划界变迁和捕鱼能力的提升,经历了显著的变化,形成了由分散到集中再到分散的制度模式。现有的ABNJ渔业法律制度大体分为:国际性渔业法律制度、区域性渔业法律制度和个别渔业法律制度。经研究发现,这些制度存在渔业资源分配不公、渔业资源养护变革阻碍大、渔业组织监管与国际合作机制不完善、渔业执法制度缺乏体系等问题。对此,建议设立兼顾渔业资源养护义务履行量与发展中国家利益的渔业资源分配制度;提高区域渔业组织对渔业资源养护的管理力,严格渔业准入,加强许可证制度的实施;完善渔业组织的监管制度和国际合作制度,建立统一有效的渔业执法体系,促进海洋渔业资源的可持续发展。展开更多
国际法确立了有关跨境环评的程序性义务,但由各国参照“国际软法”来执行实体性标准。《海洋法公约》有关国家管辖范围外海域(Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction,ABNJ)生物多样性保护和可持续利用新协定环评条款的制定仍应坚持这种基...国际法确立了有关跨境环评的程序性义务,但由各国参照“国际软法”来执行实体性标准。《海洋法公约》有关国家管辖范围外海域(Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction,ABNJ)生物多样性保护和可持续利用新协定环评条款的制定仍应坚持这种基于程序主义的软法规制模式;在国际法框架下开展针对ABNJ的环评,应由国内法主导国际法规范的具体实施,且国家享有自主决策权。这种“国家主导、国家自主决策”的跨界主义方法,可扩展为国内法基于“影响导向”的域外适用;鉴于区域性海洋环评规则与全球性机制的互动关系,中国可积极推动ABNJ环评规则的渐进式发展,并逐步将环评嵌入周边区域性海洋谈判之中。展开更多
文摘The fifth intergovernmental negotiations on marine BBNJ(Biodiversity beyond Areas of National Jurisdiction)concluded in August 2022,in which there are still major differences regarding access to marine genetic resources,management,and technology transfer.China’s participation in the development of marine genetic resources in ABNJ(areas beyond national jurisdiction)has many dilemmas,which are linked to the difficulties faced in advancing the BBNJ negotiations.The following countermeasures are proposed at the institutional and practical levels respectively:clarifying the legal attributes and applicability of the principles of marine genetic resources;establishing mechanisms for access,management,environmental impact assessment and benefit sharing of marine genetic resources;and using the“Blue Partnership”to build a governance mechanism for marine genetic resources to achieve mutual benefits.
文摘国家管辖范围外(Areas beyond National Jurisdiction,以下简称ABNJ)渔业法律制度随着海域划界变迁和捕鱼能力的提升,经历了显著的变化,形成了由分散到集中再到分散的制度模式。现有的ABNJ渔业法律制度大体分为:国际性渔业法律制度、区域性渔业法律制度和个别渔业法律制度。经研究发现,这些制度存在渔业资源分配不公、渔业资源养护变革阻碍大、渔业组织监管与国际合作机制不完善、渔业执法制度缺乏体系等问题。对此,建议设立兼顾渔业资源养护义务履行量与发展中国家利益的渔业资源分配制度;提高区域渔业组织对渔业资源养护的管理力,严格渔业准入,加强许可证制度的实施;完善渔业组织的监管制度和国际合作制度,建立统一有效的渔业执法体系,促进海洋渔业资源的可持续发展。
文摘国际法确立了有关跨境环评的程序性义务,但由各国参照“国际软法”来执行实体性标准。《海洋法公约》有关国家管辖范围外海域(Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction,ABNJ)生物多样性保护和可持续利用新协定环评条款的制定仍应坚持这种基于程序主义的软法规制模式;在国际法框架下开展针对ABNJ的环评,应由国内法主导国际法规范的具体实施,且国家享有自主决策权。这种“国家主导、国家自主决策”的跨界主义方法,可扩展为国内法基于“影响导向”的域外适用;鉴于区域性海洋环评规则与全球性机制的互动关系,中国可积极推动ABNJ环评规则的渐进式发展,并逐步将环评嵌入周边区域性海洋谈判之中。
