ABO Blood Groups and Their Relationship with Coagulation Factor VIII in Healthy Adults

Background: ABO blood group distribution defers with racial and geographic variations. They are related to diseases like cardiovascular diseases, cerebral thromboembolism. ABO blood group system may influence coagulation factor VIII which may increase the future risk of thrombosis. Aim: To assess the relation of ABO blood group with coagulation factor VIII in healthy adults. Material and Methods: A prospective type of analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from July 2019 to June 2020. After obtaining ethical clearance, a total of 190 healthy adults were selected from different areas of Dhaka city based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, with ages ranging from 18 - 45 years. The subjects were interviewed and detailed history regarding personal, family, medical and drug were taken. Prior to sample collection, informed written consent was taken from the participants. Individuals of blood group A were selected as group A, blood group B as group B, blood group AB as group AB and blood group O as group O. Coagulation factor VIII was measured in the Department of Hematology and BMT Unit, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka. Blood grouping was done in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. Statistical Analysis: For statistical analysis, ONE way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test were considered using SPSS 25.0 version. Results: In this study, blood group B was most common (33.2%). Coagulation factor VIII was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in blood group A (105.76% ± 11.82%), B (112.00% ± 15.02%), AB (109.80% ± 11.93%) than blood group O (82.00% ± 12.86%). No significant difference was observed among A, B and AB blood groups regarding coagulation factor VIII. Conclusions: It can be concluded that blood group A, B, AB individuals may have more chance of thrombosis due to significantly higher coagulation factor VIII than blood group O individuals.

Significant association between ABO blood group and pancreatic cancer

AIM:To evaluate whether the ABO blood group is related to pancreatic cancer risk in the general population of the United States.METHODS:Using the University of Pittsburgh's clinicalpancreatic cancer registry,the blood donor database from our local blood bank (Central Blood Bank),and the blood product recipient database from the regional transfusion service (Centralized Transfusion Service) in Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania,we identified 274 pancreatic cancer patients with previously determined serological ABO blood group information.The ABO blood group frequency was compared between these patients and 708842 individual,community-based blood donors who had made donations to Pittsburgh's Central Blood Bank between 1979 and 2009.RESULTS:The frequency of blood group A was statistically significantly higher amongst pancreatic cancer patients compared to its frequency amongst the regional blood donors [47.63% vs 39.10%,odds ratio (OR)=1.43,P=0.004].Conversely,the frequency of blood group O was significantly lower amongst pancreatic cancer patients relative to the community blood donors (32.12% vs 43.99%,OR=0.60,P=0.00007).There were limited blood group B (n=38) and AB (n=17) pancreatic cancer patients;the overall P trend value comparing patient to donor blood groups was 0.001.CONCLUSION:The ABO blood group is associated with pancreatic cancer risk.Future studies should examine the mechanism linking pancreatic cancer risk to ABO blood group.

ABO blood group is a predictor of survival in patients with laryngeal cancer

Background: Whether the ABO blood group is associated with the survival of patients with laryngeal cancer remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the ABO blood group and clinico?pathologic characteristics of patients with laryngeal cancer and assess whether the ABO blood group was associated with prognosis.Methods: We analyzed the records of 1260 patients with laryngeal cancer who underwent curative treatment at Sun Yat?sen University Cancer Center between January 1993 and December 2009. The Chi?square test was used to assess the relationship between the ABO blood group and clinicopathologic characteristics. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate 3?, 5?, and 10?year overall survival(OS) rates. The Cox proportional hazards model was used in univariate and multivariate analyses of OS.Results: No signiicant association was found between the ABO blood group and clinicopathologic characteristics except for primary tumor site. The median OS for patients with blood groups A, B, AB, and O were 87.0, 80.0, 90.0, and 72.5 months, respectively. The 3?, 5?, and 10?year OS rates were 82.4%, 76.0%, and 67.5% for patients with blood group A; 77.4%, 69.8%, and 58.4% for patients with blood group B; 82.2%, 73.1%, and 65.6% for patients with blood group AB; and 71.7%, 66.4%, and 55.5% for patients with blood group O, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the ABO blood group had signiicant efects on prognosis in patients with laryngeal cancer.Conclusions: The ABO blood group is associated with survival in patients with laryngeal cancer. Patients with blood group O had signiicantly shorter OS than patients with other ABO blood groups.

Serum anti‑blood type IgG/IgM binding and cytotoxicity to pig PBMC and RBC

Objective: TO investigate the killing differences of human blood group antibodies IgG and IgM on PBMC and RBC in peripheral blood of genetically modified pigs, and provide theoretical basis for the selection of pig blood group for clinical application of porcine xenotransplantation. Methods: Serum samples were collected from 20 healthy subjects, 20 patients with end‑stage renal disease and 20 brain dead organ donors, and divided into 4 groups on the basis of ABO blood group (A: n=20;B: n=17;AB: n=7;O: n=16). Flow cytometry was used to detect antibody binding or complement dependent cytotoxicity test (CDC) between human serum and O blood group Wild‑type (WT), α1, 3‑galactosyltransferase gene‑knockout(GTKO), cytidine monophosphate‑N‑acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase gene‑knockout (GTKO/β4GalNT2KO), β‑1, 4N‑acetylgalactosaminyltransferase gene‑knockout(GTKO/CMAHKO) and mononuclear cells (PBMC) and red blood cells (RBC) of Triple knockout (TKO/hCD55) porcine peripheral blood, respectively. Results: There was no significant difference in binding and killing of human serum antibodies with blood group A, B, AB and O on PBMC of WT pigs, GTKO pigs, GTKO/β4GalNT2KO pigs, GTKO/CMAHKO pigs and TKO/hCD55 pigs, respectively. There was no significant difference in RBC binding with RBC of WT pig, GTKO pig, GTKO/β4GalNT2KO pig, GTKO/CMAHKO pig and TKO/hCD55 pig. Conclusion: The selection of recipients of pigs with type O blood group can be done without considering blood group.

The critical role of therapeutic plasma exchange in ABO-incompatible liver transplantation

Background:The shortage of donor liver restricts liver transplantation(LT).Nowadays,donor liver with ABO blood group incompatibility between donor and recipient has become an option to expand the source of donor liver.Although it is now possible to perform ABO-incompatible(ABO-I)LT,antibody-mediated rejection(AMR)has been recognized as the primary cause of desperate outcomes after ABO-I LT.Anti-A/B antibody is the trigger of immune response to ABO-I LT graft injury.Therapeutic plasma ex-change(TPE)can quickly reduce the titer of plasma antibodies and effectively inhibit humoral immunity.Data sources:We searched PubMed and CNKI databases using search terms“therapeutic plasma ex-change”,“ABO-incompatible liver transplantation”,“ABO-I LT”,“liver transplantation”,“LT”,“antibody-mediated rejection”,and“AMR”.Additional publications were identified by a manual search of references from key articles.The relevant publications published before September 30,2020 were included in this review.Results:Different centers have made different attempts on whether to use TPE,when to use TPE and how often to use TPE.However,the control standard of lectin revision level is always controversial,the target titer varies significantly from center to center,and the standard target titer has not yet been estab-lished.TPE has several schemes to reduce antibody titers,but there is a lack of clinical trials that provide standardized procedures.Conclusions:TPE is essential for ABO-I LT.Hence,further research and clinical trials should be conducted to determine the best regimen for TPE to remove ABO antibodies and prevent AMR.

Role of the Metabolic Minor Components in the Regulation of Intermolecular Interaction

This work presents a study of intermolecular interactions using the model of the antigen antibody interactions of the ABO system. Absence of knowledge in the field of the ABO antigen’s behavior as a biomolecule and the integration of these structures into cascade of metabolic and physiological processes create the conditions, which promote a successful using this new model in the future. Molecular recognition and designing are included into the main catalog of computer methods of research, which is called “in silico”. Using PASS system, we describe the possible biological effects of pyruvate, lactate, antigen determinants A and B. Pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of influence on activity of the factors regulating inside and intercellular interactions are predicted for such minor components as pyruvate and lactate. Due to variety of the biological effects, glycoproteins A and B are very perspective to study as biological active connections. The obtained knowledge proves that AB0 antigens, as well as other glycoprotein conjugates are important mediators of intercellular adhesion and participants of signal transmission. Using ABO blood group system as a model helped to describe individual differences of parameters—degree and time of the agglutination beginning of antigen/antibody blood types of the AB0—are revealed.

ABO sequence analysis in an AB type with anti-B patient

ABO blood group system is the first to be discovered and the most clinically important in transfusion medicine.1The ABO gene encodes a glycosyltransferase which synthesize the oligosaccharide epitopes.The difference between the consensus A gene （A101 allele） usually used as the reference and the consensus B gene （B101 allele） are 7 in-frame single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs）,among which only 4 alleles cause amino acid mutations in the enzyme.When A allele was inherited from one parent and B allele was inherited from the other which produced the AB blood group,this is known as trans-AB.Cis-AB is characterized as mutant ABO alleles encoding a glycosyltransferase capable of synthesizing both A and B antigens which is very rare.