不平衡电网下AC-DC矩阵变换器的新型模型预测控制

为降低AC-DC矩阵变换器在输入不平衡条件下网侧有功功率波动,以及离散型模型预测控制中开关频率不固定的问题,提出一种新型模型预测控制方法。通过根据电网电流相位角选择有效矢量,避免了传统模型预测控制评估价值函数计算的负担。提出了一种二阶扩展复数卡尔曼滤波器,计算精度可以达到泰勒级数展开的二阶项,新型模型预测控制能够在不平衡电网系统中应用。仿真结果表明:所提控制策略在输入电压不平衡工况下,能够有效抑制网侧电流谐波,稳定系统输出的有功功率,并且表现出良好的性能。

Design and Simulation for the Pulse High-Voltage DC Power Supply (HVPS) of 1.2 MW/2.45 GHz HT-7U Lower Hybrid Current Drive System

The superconducting tokamak HT-7U [1] has been designed by the Institute of Plasma Physics since 1998 and will be set up before 2003. The 1.2 MW /2.45 GHz HT-7U LHCD (Lower hybrid current drive) system which being the most efficient non-induction device can heat the plasma and drive the plasma current has been efficiently in operation 'owl and a particular design of the 2.8 MW/-35 kV high-voltage DC power supply has been already completed and will apply to the klystron of LHCD on HT-7 and the future HT-7U, and the project of the power supply has been examined and approved professionally by an authorized group of high-level specialist in the institute of Plasma Physics. The detailed design of the power supply and the simulation results are referred in the paper.

Practice and Prospect of AC/DC Hybrid Power Grid in Southern China

China Southern Power Grid is a unique EHV AC/DC hybrid transmission network that operates in China. In its service area, the distribution of energy resources and the development of economy are extremely unbalanced, so long-distance and bulk power transmission are needed; besides, the geography and climate conditions are serious, rains, fogs, lightning and typhoon as well as high temperature are common all the year round. Facing these challenges, the power grid enhanced stability control, improved the equipment and strengthen the network structure. In the future, the power grid plans to optimize the disposition of power sources and build digitalized power system.

AC/DC通信电源模块远场电磁辐射发射预测研究

AC/DC通信电源产生的电磁辐射易超过限值,对其电磁辐射机理和预测方法开展研究有助于改善电磁兼容性设计。首先,在分析AC/DC通信电源模块共模电磁噪声的形成源头和传播路径后,提出其远场电磁辐射可分解为由“输入端口”、“输出端口”共模电压驱动的2类辐射。然后,提出将共模电压驱动源与寄生辐射体的辐射传递函数相结合,进行远场电磁辐射预测的新方法;设计频谱分析仪+电阻衰减器,实现各共模电压驱动源的频谱测量;采用FEKO电磁仿真软件,通过数值计算得到各寄生辐射体的辐射传递函数。最后,实现了4 kW AC/DC通信电源模块辐射预测,并实测验证了其有效性。

隔离型双向AC-DC矩阵变换器闭环控制方法研究

根据隔离型双向AC-DC矩阵变换器(Isolated AC-DC Matrix Converter,IAMC)没有中间电容缓冲环节,输入和输出变换器控制之间存在耦合,研究提出了IAMC两级功率变换器的控制方法。通过对全桥变换器进行闭环控制进而实现对直流侧输出电流和功率的直接控制;三相-单相矩阵变换器实现对有功和无功功率的独立控制,以满足网侧功率因数的高精度控制。所提控制策略有效降低了两级变换器的耦合强度,保证了系统的良好性能。在MATLAB中进行仿真,结果表明,所提出的控制方法在使系统电能质量得到提高的同时,可以实现单位功率因数可调,验证了所提控制策略的正确性和有效性。

基于单片机的AC-DC变换电路设计

传统的AC-DC变换电路由于要通过高频变压器来实现电压变换,存在效率较低、电源的波纹很难降低等问题。因此,设计一种以单片机为核心控制器件的新型单相AC-DC变换电路。单相AC-DC变换电路设计结合BOOST开关器、输入负反馈和脉冲宽度调制,采用单片机辅助控制相结合的方式实现闭环控制,保证输出的稳定和高效。该电路包括全波桥式整流电路、BOOST开关器、电压反馈电路、电流采样电路和功率因数测量电路,通过负反馈控制UC3845芯片来改变PWM控制信号,从而调整BOOST开关器开关的通断,使输出电压稳定在36 V。单相AC-DC变换电路具有PFC功能,可通过LCD将实时的PF值进行检测,显示输出电流、输出电压、功率因数等数据。另外,在输出端设计了过流保护报警功能,该设计选取STC51单片机系列中的89C52RC芯片作为控制核心,结合电流电压检测共同来实现。实验结果表明,实测负载调整率为0.28%,电压调整率为0.28%,功率因数为0.91,说明所设计电路优于传统的AC-DC变换电路,具有转换率高的特点。

高效单片AC/DC电源管理集成电路设计

随着科技快速发展,电子产品的复杂程度不断升级,日益向小型化、智能化、高效能方向迈进。电源管理系统作为电子产品中的重要系统之一,其重要作用逐渐凸显。本研究设计了一种单片AC/DC开关电源集成电路,该电路具有效率高、体积小、可靠性高等优点。因此,本文基于高效的单片AC/DC电源管理集成电路构成,对其进行了优化设计,希望能够为我国电源管理系统设计行业的相关工作提供参考和借鉴。

Novel Double-Damped Tuned AC Filters in HVDC Systems

This paper presents a performance analysis of novel doubledampedtuned alternating current (AC) filters in high voltage direct current(HVDC) systems. The proposed double-damped tuned AC filters offer theadvantages of improved performance of HVDC systems in terms of betterpower quality, high power factor, and lower total harmonic distortion (THD).The system under analysis consists of an 878 km long HVDC transmissionline connecting converter stations at Matiari and Lahore, two major cities inPakistan. The main focus of this research is to design a novel AC filter usingthe equivalent impedance method of two single-tuned and double-dampedtuned AC filters. Additionally, the impact of the damping resistor on the ACchannel is examined. TheTHDof theHVDCsystem with and without currentAC filters was also compared in this research and a double-damped tuned ACfilter was proposed. The results of the simulation represent that the proposeddouble-damped tuned AC filter is far smaller in size, offers better powerquality, and has a much lower THD compared to the AC filters currently inplace in the converter station. The simulation analysis was carried out utilizingpower systems computer-aided design (PSCAD) software.

Research on power electronic transformer applied in AC/DC hybrid distribution networks

The AC/DC hybrid distribution network is one of the trends in distribution network development, which poses great challenges to the traditional distribution transformer. In this paper, a new topology suitable for AC/DC hybrid distribution network is put forward according to the demands of power grid, with advantages of accepting DG and DC loads, while clearing DC fault by blocking the clamping double sub-module(CDSM) of input stage. Then, this paper shows the typical structure of AC/DC distribution network that is hand in hand. Based on the new topology, this paper designs the control and modulation strategies of each stage, where the outer loop controller of input stage is emphasized for its twocontrol mode. At last, the rationality of new topology and the validity of control strategies are verified by the steady and dynamic state simulation. At the same time, the simulation results highlight the role of PET in energy regulation.

A new high-performance AC/DC power factor correction switching converter based on one-cycle control technology and active floating-charge technology

A new family of converters,high-performance AC/DC power factor correction(PFC) switching converters with one-cycle control technology and active floating-charge technology,was derived and experimentally verified.The topology of a single-phase CCM and DCM Boost-PFC switching converter was also analyzed.Its operating prniciples and control methods were expounded.Based on these,a new type of AC/DC switching converter circuits for PFC combined with one-cycle control technology was presented herein.The proposed AC/DC switching converter significantly helps improve the converter efficiency and its power factor value.

Power Flow Calculation for VSC-based AC/DC Hybrid Systems Based on Fast and Flexible Holomorphic Embedding

The power flow(PF)calculation for AC/DC hybrid systems based on voltage source converter(VSC)plays a crucial role in the operational analysis of the new energy system.The fast and flexible holomorphic embedding(FFHE)PF method,with its non-iterative format founded on complex analysis theory,exhibits superior numerical performance compared with traditional iterative methods.This paper aims to extend the FFHE method to the PF problem in the VSC-based AC/DC hybrid system.To form the AC/DC FFHE PF method,an AC/DC FFHE model with its solution scheme and a sequential AC/DC PF calculation framework are proposed.The AC/DC FFHE model is established with a more flexible form to incorporate multiple control strategies of VSC while preserving the constructive and deterministic properties of original FFHE to reliably obtain operable AC/DC solutions from various initializations.A solution scheme for the proposed model is provided with specific recursive solution processes and accelerated Padéapproximant.To achieve the overall convergence of AC/DC PF,the AC/DC FFHE model is integrated into the sequential calculation framework with well-designed data exchange and control mode switching mechanisms.The proposed method demonstrates significant efficiency improvements,especially in handling scenarios involving control mode switching and multiple recalculations.In numerical tests,the superiority of the proposed method is confirmed through comparisons of accuracy and efficiency with existing methods,as well as the impact analyses of different initializations.

Design and Analysis of the Main AC/DC Converter System for ITER

A design of the main AC/DC converter system for ITER is described and the configuration of the main AC/DC converters is presented. To reduce the reactive power absorbed from the converter units, the main AC/DC converters are designed to be series-connected and work in a sequential mode. The structure of the regulator of the converter system is described. A simulation model was built up for the PSCAD/EMTDC code, and the design was validated accordingly. Harmonic analysis and reactive power calculation of the converters units are presented. The results reveal the advantage of sequential control in reducing reactive power and harmonics.

Influences of ±800 kV Yunnan-Guangdong HVDC System on Security and Stability of China Southern Power Grid

The interaction mechanism between AC and DC systems in a hybrid AC-DC transmission grid is discussed with PSS/E software. Analysis shows that receiving-end AC faults may cause much more damage on the HVDC system operation than the sending-end AC faults in a multi-infeed HVDC system, and the damage severity depends on the power recovering rate of the HVDC systems. For HVDC systems with slow power recovering rate, the receiving-end AC faults may probably be a critical factor to constrain power transfer limits. Larger capacity of HVDC system means not only higher power transfer-limit of the parallel connected AC-DC transmission grid, but also more expensive stabilizing cost.

Performance of PSS to Damp Power Oscillations Caused by an HVDC Link in AC-DC Power System

HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) systems are increasingly being applied to improve power system operation and controllability. However, inappropriate setting of HVDC controller may have a detriment effect on the system performance. Generally, PSS (Power System Stabilizer) is known as a simple concept, easy to perform, and computationally effective to enhance damping of power system oscillations through excitation control of synchronous generator. This paper examines the effectiveness of the PSS to enhance the dynamic performance of AC-DC power systems and to compensate the negative damping of HVDC system. The dynamic performance is evaluated by examining the system response to various disturbances. In order to ensure the reliability of the simulation test results as well as the performance of the PSS, detailed HVDC modeling is adopted using SimPowerSystems toolbox in the MATLAB, and some important conclusions are drawn.

一种高效率半桥LLC型的AC/DC变换器设计

AC/DC开关电源是电力系统的主要动力来源,其发展趋势是:容量大、功率密度大、效率高、功率因数低、谐波含量低。但现有的数字电源仍存在着一些普遍问题:抗干扰能力差、结构功能简单、无法满足电厂和变电站等相关场所使用需求。设计了一种基于芯片控制的半桥开关电源,对其主电路进行了理论分析,并对EMI整流滤波电路、PFC功率因数校正电路、LLC半桥电路等电路进行了详细的设计。实验测试结果表明,该设计合理,具有大容量、高效率、高功率因数、低纹波等特点,能够充分满足目前的市场需求。

车载AC-DC变换器的模糊无差拍控制策略

针对车载充电机前级AC-DC变换器工作时,网侧电流存在严重畸变以及系统的动态响应性能不足的问题,提出了一种模糊控制和无差拍控制相结合的功率因数校正控制策略。在小信号建模的基础上,对传统PI平均电流控制进行分析,将其电压环改用模糊PI控制,以增强直流侧电压的动态响应性能;将电流环改用无差拍控制,以提高交流侧电流质量、减小谐波损耗。同时对无差拍控制进行了改进,通过预测第k+2时刻采样电流和第k+1时刻参考电流,改善了实际系统的时间延时和相位滞后问题。采用MATLAB/Simulink进行仿真,结果表明该控制策略有效地减小了网侧电流的总谐波失真,并提升了输出侧的动态响应指标。

基于NLESO的交直流微电网双向AC/DC换流器改进滑模稳压控制

针对交直流混合微电网中双向AC/DC换流器在外界扰动下出现的直流母线电压波动问题,设计了一种应用于双向AC/DC换流器的非线性扩张状态观测器(nonlinear extended state observer,NLESO),以实现对分布式电源功率波动和负荷投切变化等不确定因素的快速追踪与补偿,保证了在不同扰动下交直流混合微电网的稳定性。进一步提出了基于NLESO的改进积分滑模控制方法,提高了直流母线电压的控制精度。结合非线性光滑函数设计了滑模趋近律,消除了传统滑模控制中的高频抖振现象。通过Lyapunov理论对系统的稳定性进行分析验证,仿真结果表明该控制方法响应速度快、控制精度高、抗扰动能力强并且无抖振现象。

一种新型单级隔离型AC-DC变换器研究

文中提出一种新型单级式隔离AC-DC变换器及控制方案。所提结构在不改变图腾柱无桥功率因数校正(totem pole bridge-free power factor correction,TP-PFC)和双向全桥(dual active bridge,DAB)两级式AC-DC变换器特性的前提下,将TP-PFC高频桥臂和DAB原边侧第一个桥臂进行开关复用,减小了开关器件数目。同时,相较于TP-PFC和DAB两级式AC-DC变换器,取消了直流母线电解电容并且抑制了交流电感电流尖峰。利用其拓扑特点及所提出的控制方案,实现了拓扑开关器件的全范围软开关。首先详细分析所提拓扑结构的工作特性,包括工作模态、拓扑优点、功率特性及软开关特性;其次基于对拓扑的分析,提出控制简单的控制策略;最后,对所提拓扑结构及控制方案进行实验验证。

基于移相和调频的单级双向AC-DC变换器临界电流调制策略

传统双有源桥单级AC-DC变换器的移相调制难以实现全范围软开关,开关管损耗大,效率难以进一步提高。针对此问题,该文提出一种基于临界电流模式(BCM)的调制策略,将移相和调频相结合,实现所有开关管的零电压开通,从而有效地降低了开通损耗。该文分析单级式双向AC-DC变换器的临界电流调制基本原理和软开关实现条件,并推导出软开关条件下的移相和频率数学表达式。搭建DC 48 V、AC 220 V、500 W实验样机,最高效率达到94%,通过实验验证该调制策略的有效性和正确性。

MMC-HVDC交直流混联系统小扰动稳定域迭代求解和形态分析

随着高压直流输电技术的发展,区域电力系统将拓展为大规模交直流混联系统。因此,需要建立可以同时精确刻画交直流动态的大规模交直流混联系统模型来研究混联系统的动态与稳定性。文中考虑了交流侧和直流侧的详细动态,建立了异步联网的模块化多电平换流器型高压直流(MMC-HVDC)交直流混联系统的状态空间模型,给出了具体的解析解形式,并推导了多重迭代信赖域算法。所提算法建立了决策变量空间内的点与平衡点的映射关系,结合Hopf分岔识别边界,提出了一种多重迭代求解小扰动稳定域边界的方法。在利用Simulink仿真验证模型准确性后,以发电机出力作为决策变量绘制了交直流混联系统稳定域,利用特征根和参与因子定量研究了直流失稳和交流失稳的机理以及控制策略和控制参数对稳定域边界的影响。对比分析了多区域的混联系统与交流系统的稳定域,结果表明换流站和直流网络的引入可能使多区域系统稳定域边界呈现多约束共同决定的近似分段线性拓扑特性。