Influence of filler characteristics on particle removal in fluid catalytic cracking slurry under an alternating electric field

The characteristics of the packing material under an alternating electric field are an important factor in the removal of FCCS particles.In this study,the electric field distribution of a separation unit consisting of packed spheres under an alternating electric field is simulated,and the movement mechanism of catalyst particles is analysed.An"effective contact point"model is derived to predict the adsorption of filler contact points on catalyst particles under the alternating electric field,and the model is validated by simulations and experiments.The numerical calculation and experimental results indicate that the electrical properties of the filler spheres,the filler angleθ,and the frequency f of the alternating electric field affect the adsorption of catalyst particles.As the frequency of the electric field increases,the particle removal efficiency of the high-conductivity filler(silicon carbide)increases and then settles,and the separation efficiency of the low-conductivity filler(glass,zirconia)is not sensitive to the change in electric field frequency.

High Density 3D Carbon Tube Nanoarray Electrode Boosting the Capacitance of Filter Capacitor

Electric double-layer capacitors(EDLCs)with fast frequency response are regarded as small-scale alternatives to the commercial bulky aluminum electrolytic capacitors.Creating carbon-based nanoarray electrodes with precise alignment and smooth ion channels is crucial for enhancing EDLCs’performance.However,controlling the density of macropore-dominated nanoarray electrodes poses challenges in boosting the capacitance of line-filtering EDLCs.Herein,a simple technique to finely adjust the vertical-pore diameter and inter-spacing in three-dimensional nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide(3D-AAO)template is achieved,and 3D compactly arranged carbon tube(3D-CACT)nanoarrays are created as electrodes for symmetrical EDLCs using nanoporous 3D-AAO template-assisted chemical vapor deposition of carbon.The 3D-CACT electrodes demonstrate a high surface area of 253.0 m^(2) g^(−1),a D/G band intensity ratio of 0.94,and a C/O atomic ratio of 8.As a result,the high-density 3D-CT nanoarray-based sandwich-type EDLCs demonstrate a record high specific areal capacitance of 3.23 mF cm^(-2) at 120 Hz and exceptional fast frequency response due to the vertically aligned and highly ordered nanoarray of closely packed CT units.The 3D-CT nanoarray electrode-based EDLCs could serve as line filters in integrated circuits,aiding power system miniaturization.

Electrical characteristics of new three-phase traction power supply system for rail transit

A novel three-phase traction power supply system is proposed to eliminate the adverse effects caused by electric phase separation in catenary and accomplish a unifying manner of traction power supply for rail transit.With the application of two-stage three-phase continuous power supply structure,the electrical characteristics exhibit new features differing from the existing traction system.In this work,the principle for voltage levels determining two-stage network is dissected in accordance with the requirements of traction network and electric locomotive.The equivalent model of three-phase traction system is built for deducing the formula of current distribution and voltage losses.Based on the chain network model of the traction network,a simulation model is established to analyze the electrical characteristics such as traction current distribution,voltage losses,system equivalent impedance,voltage distribution,voltage unbalance and regenerative energy utilization.In a few words,quite a lot traction current of about 99%is undertaken by long-section cable network.The proportion of system voltage losses is small attributed to the two-stage three-phase power supply structure,and the voltage unbal-ance caused by impedance asymmetry of traction network is less than 1‰.In addition,the utilization rate of regenerative energy for locomotive achieves a significant promotion of over 97%.

基于ACE与YOLOv5的电力遥感图像检测算法

针对电力遥感图像采集时存在大量浓烟以及数据样本少等问题,提出一种基于对数变换的改进型自动色彩均衡与改进后YOLOv5s模型的遥感图像去雾检测算法,旨在通过提高数据集的图像质量进而提高检测网络的检测精度。构建的改进型自动色彩均衡对电力遥感图像去雾增强,并通过图像质量和特征提取两方面进行了实验数据对比,实验结果表明改进的自动色彩均衡算法优于其它算法。其次,通过YOLOv5s检测算法对增强后的数据集进行训练,引入mosaic数据增强算法,并通过构建ghost卷积模块和NAM注意力模块降低了网络参数、提升了网络检测精度。

Particle Agglomeration in Bipolar Barb Agglomerator Under AC Electric Field

The development of an efficient technology for removing fine particles in flue gas is essential as the haze is becoming more and more serious.To improve agglomeration effectiveness of fine particles,a dual zone electric agglomeration device consisting of a charging chamber and an agglomeration chamber with bipolar barb electrodes was developed.The bipolar barb electric agglomerator with a polar distance of 200 mm demonstrates good agglomeration effectiveness for particles with a size less than 8.0μm under applied AC electric field.An optimal condition for achieving better agglomeration effectiveness was found to be as follows：flue gas flow velocity of3.00 m/s,particle concentration of 2.00 g/m^3,output voltage of 35 kV and length of the barb of16 ram.In addition,4.0-6.0μm particles haste the best effectiveness with the variation of particle volume occupancy of-3.2.

An investigation into the deformation, movement and coalescence characteristics of water-in-oil droplets in an AC electric field

Drop-drop coalescence is important in electric dehydrators used for oil-water separation in the oil industry.The deformation degree,angle between the electric field and the center line of two drops,effects of intensities and frequencies of the electric field have been studied by analyzing droplet images.However,seldom have people investigated the movement and the relative velocity in the process of dropdrop coalescence.In this paper forces acting on a single droplet and horizontal water droplets in an AC electric field were analyzed,and experiments were carried out to investigate the deformation,movement and coalescence characteristics of droplets with white oil and water.With a micro high-speed camera system and image processing technology,the droplet images were collected and analyzed.The results indicate that the deformation is mainly affected by the electric field intensity,frequency,droplet diameter and the oil viscosity.High field strength and large diameter facilitate deformation of drops in the electric field.The effect of frequency and oil viscosity is not obvious.Higher frequency and higher oil viscosity will lead to smaller oscillation amplitude.The effect of electric field intensity and droplet diameter on oscillation amplitude is not obvious.When the center-to-center distance between droplets is large,the forces acting on droplets in the horizontal direction are mainly dipole-dipole attraction and drag forces.There is also the film-thinning force when droplets get closer.The forces are simplified and derived.Based on force analysis and Newton＇s second law,the relative movement is analyzed in different parts,and the relationship of center-to-center distance and time is in accordance with an explinear function at different stages.According to experimental data,the movement of 145 μm double droplets before coalescence can be fitted well with an explinear function at two stages.In addition,the whole movement process is investigated and can be estimated with a fourth order polynomial curve,from which the relative velocity of droplet movement can also be obtained.With an increases in electric field intensity and droplet diameter and a decrease in oil viscosity,the relative velocity increases.Only when the oil-water interfacial tension is obviously high,can it influence the relative movement significantly.The coalescence is mainly dipole coalescence and chain coalescence under influence of the AC electric field.

Overview of the Rectangular Wire Windings AC Electrical Machine

The rectangular wire winding AC electrical machine has drawn extensive attention due to their high slot fill factor,good heat dissipation,strong rigidity and short end-windings,which can be potential candidates for some traction application so as to enhance torque density,improve efficiency,decrease vibration and weaken noise,etc.In this paper,based on the complex process craft and the electromagnetic performance,a comprehensive and systematical overview on the rectangular wire windings AC electrical machine is introduced.According to the process craft,the different type of the rectangular wire windings,the different inserting direction of the rectangular wire windings and the insulation structure have been compared and analyzed.Furthermore,the detailed rectangular wire windings connection is researched and the general design guideline has been concluded.Especially,the performance of rectangular wire windings AC machine has been presented,with emphasis on the measure of improving the bigger AC copper losses at the high speed condition due to the distinguished proximity and skin effects.Finally,the future trend of the rectangular wire windings AC electrical machine is prospected.

Effective Response of Nonlinear Spherical Coated Composites Under External AC and DC Electric Field

Under the external AC and DC electric field, the effective response of nonlinear spherical coated composites, which obey the constitutive relation of electric displaeement and electric field, is investigated in the dilute limit by using the perturbation method. The local potentials in inclusion and host regions are derived at all harmonics. Moreover, the formulae of the effective linear and nonlinear responses are given in the dilute limit.

A Low-Cost, Smart AC Charging System for Electric Vehicle

In industry development strategy of electric vehicles, apart from concerns on the development of electric vehicles, we also need to consider the issue of charging facilities construction. Firstly, through analysis, this paper discusses the importance of AC charging points for electric vehicle development. By studying existing AC charging points on the market, it presents a low-cost smart AC charging system to reduce the cost investigated by power companies and operational bodies when laying of a large number of AC charging points. Compared with the conventional one, the proposed system has prominent features of low cost, small footprint and low investment.

Analyzing Electric Circuits with Computer Algebra

This report shows how starting from classic electric circuits embodying commonly electric components we have reached semi-complicated circuits embodying the same components that analyzing the signal characteristics requires a Computer Algebra System. Our approach distinguishes itself from the electrical engineers’ (EE) approach that relies on utilizing commercially available software. Our approach step-by-step shows how Kirchhoff’s rules are applied conducive to the needed circuit information. It is shown for the case at hand the characteristic information is a set of coupled differential equations and that with the help of Mathematica numeric solutions are sought. Our report paves the research road for unlimited creative similar circuits with any degree of complications. Occasionally, by tweaking the circuits we have addressed the “what if” scenarios widening the scope of the investigation. Justification of the accuracy of our analysis for the generalized circuits is cross-checked by arranging the components symmetrizing the circuit leading to an intuitively predictable reasonable result. Mathematica codes are embedded assisting the interested reader in producing and extending our results.

Analyses of temperature-dependent interface states,series resistances,and AC electrical conductivities of Al/p Si and Al/Bi_4Ti_3O_(12)/p Si structures by using the admittance spectroscopy method

In this study, Al/p-Si and Al/Bi4Ti3O12/p-Si structures are fabricated and their interface states （Nss）, the values of series resistance （Rs）, and AC electrical conductivity （σac） are obtained each as a function of temperature using admit- tance spectroscopy method which includes capacitance-voltage （C-V） and conductance-voltage （G-V） measurements. In addition, the effect of interfacial Bi4Ti3012 （BTO） layer on the performance of the structure is investigated. The voltage- dependent profiles of Nss and Rs are obtained from the high-low frequency capacitance method and the Nicollian method, respectively. Experimental results show that Nss and Rs, as strong functions of temperature and applied bias voltage, each exhibit a peak, whose position shifts towards the reverse bias region, in the depletion region. Such a peak behavior is attributed to the particular distribution of Nss and the reordering and restructuring of Nss under the effect of temperature. The values of activation energy （Ea）, obtained from the slope of the Arrhenius plot, of both structures are obtained to be bias voltage-independent, and the Ea of the metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor （MFS） structure is found to be half that of the metal-semiconductor （MS） structure. Furthermore, other main electrical parameters, such as carrier concentration of acceptor atoms （NA）, built-in potential （Vbi）, Fermi energy （EF）, image force barrier lowering （△φb）, and barrier height （φb）, are extracted using reverse bias C 2-V characteristics as a function of temperature.

Effective response of nonlinear cylindrical coated composites under external AC and DC electric field

This paper uses the perturbation method to study effective response of nonlinear cylindrical coated composites. Under the external AC and DC electric field Ea （1 ＋sin ωt）, the local potentials of composites at all harmonic frequencies are induced. An effective nonlinear response to composite is given for the cylindrical coated inclusions in the dilute limit.

Effective response in nonlinear spherical coated composites under external AC and DC electric fields

By using the perturbation method, effective nonlinear direct current （DC） and alternating current （AC） responses of nonlinear composites with spherical coated inclusions randomly embedded in a host medium are studied under the action of an external electric field Ea = E0 ＋ E1 sinωt ＋ E3 sin 3ωt with different amplitudes and frequencies. The local potentials of composites at all harmonics are given in the inclusion particles and the host regions. All effective nonlinear responses to composites and the relationship between the effective nonlinear responses at all harmonics are also deduced for the spherical coated inclusions in a dilute limit.

Effective Response of Nonlinear Composite under External AC and DC Electric Field

A perturbation method is used to study effective response of nonlinear Kerr composites, which are subject to the constitutive relation of electric displacement and electric field, Dα=εαE＋xα｜E｜^2E. Under the external AG and DC electric field Eapp = Eα（1 ＋ sinωt）, the effective nonlinear responses and local potentials are induced by the cubic nonlinearity of Kerr materials at all harmonics. As an example in three dimensions, we have investigated this kind of nonlinear composites with spherical inclusions embedded in a host. At all harmonic frequencies, the potentials in inclusion and host regions are derived. Furthermore, the formulae of the effective linear and nonlinear responses are given in the dilute Iimit.

Research on Total Electric Field for DC Lines Converted from Double-Circuit AC Lines

With rapid growth of power demand, transmission capacity is also in urgent need of upgrading. In some cases, converting existing AC transmission lines to DC lines can Improve the transmission capacity and reduce the construction investment. In this paper, the upstream finite element method was expanded to calculate the total electric field of same tower multi-circuit DC lines converted from double-circuit AC lines, and the validity of the algorithm was confirmed by experiments. Taking a DC line converted from a typical same tower 500 kV double-circuit AC transmission line as an example, the surface electric field and the ground total electric field in different pole conductor arrangement schemes were calculated and analyzed, and the critical height of pole conductors for DC lines in residential and non-residential area were determined. Then, the corridor width of DC and AC lines at critical height in residential and non-residential areas before and after AC-DC line transformation were compared. The results indicate that for DC lines converted from common 500 kV double-circuit AC lines, the ground total electric field can meet the requirements of corresponding standard with appropriate pole conductor arrangement schemes.

A Bright Pearl by the Huangpu River -Shanghai Electrical Machinery Mfg. Works

Shanghai Electrical Machinery Manufacturing Works (abbr, SEMMW), a comprehensive electrical machinery manufacturing works with a modern production scale, is the first rank large stateowned works, which is one of the 500 largest industrial enterprises in China and in the first place of China’s power station equipment manufacturing industry. It is a hightechnology enterprise of Shanghai,

Modeling and Implementation of AC Electrical Capacitance Tomography

Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) determines the dielectric permittivity of the interior object depending on the measurements of exterior capacitance. Generally, the electrodes are placed outside the PVC cylinder where the medium to be imaged is present;but in ECT using inter-electrode capacitance measurements can be achieved by placing inside of the dielectric medium. In the proposed ECT system, the ECT sensor is modeled using ANSYS software and the model is implemented in real ECT system. For each step of measurement, a stable AC signal is applied to a pair of electrodes that form a capacitor. The novel system is to measure the capacitance range variation in picofarad and the corresponding voltage ranges from 1 volt to 4 volts. The switching speed of all combinational electrodes is implemented using embedded system to achieve higher speed performance of AC ECT system which eliminates the drift and stray capacitance error. This is yielding the original image of unknown multiphase medium inside the electrodes using Lab VIEW. This paper investigates several advantages such as improved overall system performance;simple structure, avoids stray capacitance effect, reduces the drift problem and achieves high signal to noise ratio.

The effect of blending polypropylene on the electrical properties of polymeric insulation material Hifax

Extensive physical testing has suggested that polymeric material Hifax (Flexible Polypropylene)could be a promising candidate for the next generation of DC insulation. In the work presented in this paper,the DC conductivity and AC breakdown of this polymeric insulation material have been measured as a function of temperature. The results show that Hifax cable insulation has a higher AC breakdown strength than EPR and XLPE (crosslinked polyethylene), and the DC resistivity of Hifax is larger than that of XLPE and oil-impregnated paper insulations. The electrical stress coefficient of resistivity of Hifax wire insulation increases with temperature, which needs to be taken into account in calculating the electrical field distribution across DC cable insulation. It has been observed that there is an anomalous change in resistivity at high electrical field, suggesting charge trapping and detrapping processes are present in Hifax cable insulation. It is concluded that blending Hifax with 62% polypropylene decreases the breakdown strength significantly.

Electrical conductivity of MO(MO=FeO,NiO)-containing CaO-MgO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3 slag with low basicity

As a fundamental study on recovery of valuable metals from nonferrous metallurgical slags,electrical conductivity values of MO（MO=FeO,NiO）-containing CaO-MgO-SiO2-Al2O3 slag with a low basicity were measured at different temperatures using AC impedance spectroscopy.The result shows that the electrical conductivity increased from 1.4 S/m to 14.4 S/m with the increase of the temperature from 1 573 to 1 773 K and the content of MO which is less than 12% under the constant mass ratio of （CaO＋MgO） to （SiO2＋Al2O3） of 0.47.Moreover,the increase magnitude of the electrical conductivity was also promoted with the increase of the content of MO.The electrical conductivity of FeO-containing slags was close to that of NiO-containing slags when the content was less than 8%;however,it was obviously larger than that of NiO-containing slags when the content was 12%.The activation energy of the electrical conductivity decreased with the increase of MO content.

Conducting Polyaniline-Electrical Charge Transportation

Conductive polyanilines are synthesized by doping with inorganic and organic acids, namely Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and ±10-camphor sulfonic acid (CSA). The direct current (DC) conductivities (σDC) are found to be about 9.5 ′ 10-8, 1.8, and 95.8 S/cm for PANI base, PANI(HCl) and PANI(CSA), respectively. σDC is measured down to a temperature of ~100 K and the apparent change in the activation energies are found to be 98.16, 74.40, and 57.24 meV for PANI base, HCl, and CSA dopings respectively. σDC is less temperature dependent near room temperature, further decrease in temperature the σDC is strongly dependent. Upon the inspection of AC conductivities (σAC) versus frequency curves, it can be inferred that the conduction process is noticeably influenced upon doping and within the dopants. σAC has shown classical plateau (DC-AC crossover) region, nonetheless shifted crossover frequency (critical frequency) upon doping is rather interesting. Critical frequencies (wc) are obtained from universal power-law for all samples. The variation in the dielectric properties can be attributed to the dopant incorporation. In material characterization, successful doping is corroborated by FTIR, UV-vis spectroscopy and slight influence upon doping can also be seen in thermal properties. Intense photoluminescence (PL) peaks at 322.5, 581.4 and 644.2 nm are observed. PANI(CSA) exhibited highest peak intensity followed by PANI(HCl) and PANI base.