Influence of filler characteristics on particle removal in fluid catalytic cracking slurry under an alternating electric field

The characteristics of the packing material under an alternating electric field are an important factor in the removal of FCCS particles.In this study,the electric field distribution of a separation unit consisting of packed spheres under an alternating electric field is simulated,and the movement mechanism of catalyst particles is analysed.An"effective contact point"model is derived to predict the adsorption of filler contact points on catalyst particles under the alternating electric field,and the model is validated by simulations and experiments.The numerical calculation and experimental results indicate that the electrical properties of the filler spheres,the filler angleθ,and the frequency f of the alternating electric field affect the adsorption of catalyst particles.As the frequency of the electric field increases,the particle removal efficiency of the high-conductivity filler(silicon carbide)increases and then settles,and the separation efficiency of the low-conductivity filler(glass,zirconia)is not sensitive to the change in electric field frequency.

基于Q235的水下ACFM可视化检测系统设计及研究

针对复杂海水环境中Q235结构物夹板裂纹,基于交流电磁场检测(ACFM)技术开展了水下可视化检测系统的设计及研究。基于COMSOL仿真分析选取了探头外壳材料。搭建硬件电路及设计缺陷识别及重构的软件系统。基于Q235材料样板上不同长度及不同深度的裂纹进行水下检测。结果表明:Q235材料的不同长度裂纹检测中长度误差和深度检测误差分别为8.53%和15.11%;不同深度裂纹检测中长度误差和深度检测误差分别为8.17%和13.9%。

AC/DC通信电源模块远场电磁辐射发射预测研究

AC/DC通信电源产生的电磁辐射易超过限值,对其电磁辐射机理和预测方法开展研究有助于改善电磁兼容性设计。首先,在分析AC/DC通信电源模块共模电磁噪声的形成源头和传播路径后,提出其远场电磁辐射可分解为由“输入端口”、“输出端口”共模电压驱动的2类辐射。然后,提出将共模电压驱动源与寄生辐射体的辐射传递函数相结合,进行远场电磁辐射预测的新方法;设计频谱分析仪+电阻衰减器,实现各共模电压驱动源的频谱测量;采用FEKO电磁仿真软件,通过数值计算得到各寄生辐射体的辐射传递函数。最后,实现了4 kW AC/DC通信电源模块辐射预测,并实测验证了其有效性。

Particle Agglomeration in Bipolar Barb Agglomerator Under AC Electric Field

The development of an efficient technology for removing fine particles in flue gas is essential as the haze is becoming more and more serious.To improve agglomeration effectiveness of fine particles,a dual zone electric agglomeration device consisting of a charging chamber and an agglomeration chamber with bipolar barb electrodes was developed.The bipolar barb electric agglomerator with a polar distance of 200 mm demonstrates good agglomeration effectiveness for particles with a size less than 8.0μm under applied AC electric field.An optimal condition for achieving better agglomeration effectiveness was found to be as follows：flue gas flow velocity of3.00 m/s,particle concentration of 2.00 g/m^3,output voltage of 35 kV and length of the barb of16 ram.In addition,4.0-6.0μm particles haste the best effectiveness with the variation of particle volume occupancy of-3.2.

An investigation into the deformation, movement and coalescence characteristics of water-in-oil droplets in an AC electric field

Drop-drop coalescence is important in electric dehydrators used for oil-water separation in the oil industry.The deformation degree,angle between the electric field and the center line of two drops,effects of intensities and frequencies of the electric field have been studied by analyzing droplet images.However,seldom have people investigated the movement and the relative velocity in the process of dropdrop coalescence.In this paper forces acting on a single droplet and horizontal water droplets in an AC electric field were analyzed,and experiments were carried out to investigate the deformation,movement and coalescence characteristics of droplets with white oil and water.With a micro high-speed camera system and image processing technology,the droplet images were collected and analyzed.The results indicate that the deformation is mainly affected by the electric field intensity,frequency,droplet diameter and the oil viscosity.High field strength and large diameter facilitate deformation of drops in the electric field.The effect of frequency and oil viscosity is not obvious.Higher frequency and higher oil viscosity will lead to smaller oscillation amplitude.The effect of electric field intensity and droplet diameter on oscillation amplitude is not obvious.When the center-to-center distance between droplets is large,the forces acting on droplets in the horizontal direction are mainly dipole-dipole attraction and drag forces.There is also the film-thinning force when droplets get closer.The forces are simplified and derived.Based on force analysis and Newton＇s second law,the relative movement is analyzed in different parts,and the relationship of center-to-center distance and time is in accordance with an explinear function at different stages.According to experimental data,the movement of 145 μm double droplets before coalescence can be fitted well with an explinear function at two stages.In addition,the whole movement process is investigated and can be estimated with a fourth order polynomial curve,from which the relative velocity of droplet movement can also be obtained.With an increases in electric field intensity and droplet diameter and a decrease in oil viscosity,the relative velocity increases.Only when the oil-water interfacial tension is obviously high,can it influence the relative movement significantly.The coalescence is mainly dipole coalescence and chain coalescence under influence of the AC electric field.

Effective Response of Nonlinear Spherical Coated Composites Under External AC and DC Electric Field

Under the external AC and DC electric field, the effective response of nonlinear spherical coated composites, which obey the constitutive relation of electric displaeement and electric field, is investigated in the dilute limit by using the perturbation method. The local potentials in inclusion and host regions are derived at all harmonics. Moreover, the formulae of the effective linear and nonlinear responses are given in the dilute limit.

Effective Response of Nonlinear Composite under External AC and DC Electric Field

A perturbation method is used to study effective response of nonlinear Kerr composites, which are subject to the constitutive relation of electric displacement and electric field, Dα=εαE＋xα｜E｜^2E. Under the external AG and DC electric field Eapp = Eα（1 ＋ sinωt）, the effective nonlinear responses and local potentials are induced by the cubic nonlinearity of Kerr materials at all harmonics. As an example in three dimensions, we have investigated this kind of nonlinear composites with spherical inclusions embedded in a host. At all harmonic frequencies, the potentials in inclusion and host regions are derived. Furthermore, the formulae of the effective linear and nonlinear responses are given in the dilute Iimit.

Effective response in nonlinear spherical coated composites under external AC and DC electric fields

By using the perturbation method, effective nonlinear direct current （DC） and alternating current （AC） responses of nonlinear composites with spherical coated inclusions randomly embedded in a host medium are studied under the action of an external electric field Ea = E0 ＋ E1 sinωt ＋ E3 sin 3ωt with different amplitudes and frequencies. The local potentials of composites at all harmonics are given in the inclusion particles and the host regions. All effective nonlinear responses to composites and the relationship between the effective nonlinear responses at all harmonics are also deduced for the spherical coated inclusions in a dilute limit.

Effective response of nonlinear cylindrical coated composites under external AC and DC electric field

This paper uses the perturbation method to study effective response of nonlinear cylindrical coated composites. Under the external AC and DC electric field Ea （1 ＋sin ωt）, the local potentials of composites at all harmonic frequencies are induced. An effective nonlinear response to composite is given for the cylindrical coated inclusions in the dilute limit.

Preparation of ozagrel-magnetoliposomes and investigation on the release in vitro under AC-magnetic field

To reduce the first-pass effect and increase the targeting of ozagrel(OZ),the ozagrel -magnetoliposomes(OZ-MLs)were prepared in this study.Here,we described the preparation and characterization of OZ-MLs.It had a diameter of around 0.2μm.To prevent the aggregation of particles,the magnetite was treated with a surfactant,resulting in a stable ferrofluid suspension. The cumulative release of OZ from OZ-MLs could be up to 64.5%in 30 min in vitro under AC-magnetic field.However,it was only 24.0%for OZ-MLs without AC-magnetic field.

Vacuum Poloidal Magnetic Field of Tokamak in Alternating-Current Operation

Vacuum poloidal magnetic field of tokamak in alternating-current （AC） operation is investigated. It is found that the vacuum magnetic field in AC operation is qualitatively different from that in direct-current （DC） operation. In the DC case, the vacuum magnetic field varies along the poloidal direction with one period, while in the AC case, the vacuum magnetic field varies along the poloidal direction with two periods. This implies that two sets of vertical field coil may be needed for the AC operation.

交流电场下变压器油中贴壁气泡形变特性

气泡是油纸绝缘系统的典型缺陷,会显著地降低变压器油的绝缘性能。为了明晰气泡对油纸绝缘系统的危害,搭建了油中贴壁气泡动力学观测平台,研究吸附于电极表面的气泡在交流电场中的形变特性及影响规律。结果发现:油中贴壁气泡沿电场方向拉伸并以100 Hz的频率进行脉动变形;随着电场强度、气泡半径和温度的增大,气泡的变形程度也逐渐增大。基于相场方法搭建了气液两相流仿真模型,仿真与实验结果相互验证,揭示了气泡变形的本质为电场力和表面张力作用的平衡。气泡会影响油隙电场分布,其内部场强随气泡沿电场方向的拉伸而降低。该文研究可为深入评估气泡对液体绝缘的危害和变压器的绝缘设计提供参考。

复杂运行条件下非均匀老化油纸绝缘典型电场变化特性

油纸绝缘作为变压器的主要绝缘部分,长期运行后变压器主绝缘发生的非均匀老化现象,在复杂运行条件下(环境温度、受潮情况,电压类型)将导致工况运行时主绝缘内的电场分布发生变化,因此明确工况运行下非均匀老化油纸绝缘内特征位点(最大场强处)电场的变化特性至关重要。通过开展不同老化、受潮程度油纸绝缘材料的介电参数测试,明确了老化后油纸绝缘材料的工频介电常数、直流电导率随着运行条件的变化规律,通过构建基于GA-BP神经网络的老化油纸绝缘材料介电参数模型,实现了非均匀老化油纸绝缘介电参数的多元非线性定量表征;同时考虑油浸纸板老化对油纸间水分平衡规律存在的影响,修正了非均匀老化油纸绝缘内的油纸水分分布,并根据典型非均匀老化主绝缘结构,构建了非均匀老化油纸绝缘典型电场分布模型;最后,考虑到当前特高压电网中,区别于普通交流变压器绝缘所承担的交流电压,换流变压器阀侧绕组承担的电压中含有较高的直流分量,导致其面对的更高的绝缘水平要求。通过分别设定两种外施电压,并在复杂运行条件下,针对不同非均匀老化阶段的油纸绝缘模型的典型电场分布进行仿真计算,揭示了非均匀老化油纸绝缘电场变化特性,明确了实际运行中应加以注意的运行工况,为变压器的运维策略提供了重要的理论支撑。

非均布温度条件下CRCP+AC复合式路面温度应力分析

根据传热学相关理论,应用大型有限元软件ANSYS10.0对夏季高温条件下CRCP+AC复合式路面瞬态温度场进行了模拟,利用温度-结构耦合原理计算了日周期气温下路面结构的温度应力.分析过程中,考虑了温度沿路面深度方向分布的非线性特征及初始参考温度的非均匀性,对CRCP+AC复合式路面温度应力的影响因素进行了分析.研究结果表明,AC层厚度、CRC层厚度、CRC与基层接触条件的改变对路面结构温度应力的影响较大.当AC层厚度小于6 cm后,改变CRC层厚度对混凝土板温度应力影响不大.

射频电场缀饰下铯Rydberg原子的电磁感应透明光谱

采用全红外光激发Rydberg原子的方案,选择探测光(852 nm)、缀饰光(1470 nm)和耦合光(780 nm),利用三光子激发方式实现了Cs原子Rydberg态(49P_(3/2))的制备.实验上,观测到射频电场作用下|7S_(1/2)?→|49P_(3/2)?Rydberg跃迁形成的电磁感应透明(EIT)效应,实现对Rydberg原子的光学探测,根据EIT光谱的变化来探究射频电场的幅度和频率对光谱的影响.研究表明,随着射频电场幅度的增强,观察到光谱现象从越发明显的ac Stark能移逐步过渡到复杂混合态的多个调制边带,并根据EIT主峰的频移进一步讨论频率对铯泡中电场屏蔽的影响.采用将低频电场调制到射频电场的方式,实现了基于Rydberg原子的50 Hz—1 kHz范围内电场解调,并对解调信号的幅度和频率进行拟合,保真度达到95%.研究结果对Rydberg原子射频光谱探测和低频电场的可溯源测量等提供有价值的参考.

量子场作用下二能级原子的AC Stark效应

:计算了处在粒子数态的单模量子场与二能级原子相互作用时能级ACStark移动 ,平均能级移动值随场模波频率变化呈色散线型 ,随场模中光子数的增加会逐渐达到饱和。另外 ,还发现即使是场模中光子数为零 。

AC-PDP中等离子体电场的实验研究

用激光荧光技术直接测量了AC PDP单元高气压He和He Xe0 1%放电中的电场行为,估算了由放电电场产生的AC PDP单元上的壁电压。选用高气压下寿命较长的氦的亚稳态2s3S,比较主量子数n=8和n=9的Stark分裂谱,使电场的测量精度提高到10%。电场和壁电压的时间分布描述了PDP单元的放电行为。

彩色AC-PDP的最大子场数目显示方法及其改进

开发了一种彩色AC PDP的最大子场数目显示方法,利用子场编码的冗余特性,在不更改现有技术的前提下,有效地解决了彩色AC PDP中存在的与放电单元有关的电路负载所引起的OverBrighness现象;通过与RotatingCode编码、行重复寻址方法的联合使用,有效地解决了彩色AC PDP中存在的运动图像紊乱现象。

一般条件下的电子自旋共振(ESR)理论

文中从数学的角度分析了dμz/dt=0在电子自旋共振(ESR)中的物理含义,把ESR理论由直流磁场推广到了交流磁场,而直流磁场下的ESR理论只是当交流磁场的频率为0时的一种特殊情况,从而建立了一般条件下的ESR理论和一般条件下实现ESR的方法。该理论的建立使得采用ESR原理研制的分析仪器省去了耗能大、重量重、造价高的直流磁场,仅采用原有的调制磁场便可实现ESR,从而大大降低了该分析仪器的体积、重量、耗能和成本,具有一定的理论研究和推广应用价值。

交流电磁场应力测量法在管道应力内检测中的应用

为解决管道本体应力集中区域的内检测问题,以交流电磁场应力测量法(ACSM)为依据,利用COMSOL Multiphysics有限元仿真建立石油管道电磁场二维仿真模型,分析管道表面磁场分布规律,研究ACSM法应力测量传感器结构和工艺参数对测量结果的影响。研制基于ACSM法的应力测量传感器,设计开发管道应力内检测系统,开展了静载拉伸应力测量试验研究以及现场牵拉试验。仿真模拟结果与应力测量传感器的实际测量结果相吻合,在被测试件弹性限度内,随着施加应力的增加,传感器的测量幅值呈正比增长态势;现场牵拉试验过程中,传感器幅值大小与施加应力大小存在较好的映射关系,对被检管道施加105 MPa应力时,传感器的差值电压幅值可达259 mV,整套系统在应力测量试验中运行良好,可有效识别应力集中区域。