A versatile analytical method(VAM) for calculating the harmonic components of the magnetomotive force(MMF) generated by diverse armature windings in AC machines has been proposed, and the versatility of this method ha...A versatile analytical method(VAM) for calculating the harmonic components of the magnetomotive force(MMF) generated by diverse armature windings in AC machines has been proposed, and the versatility of this method has been established in early literature. However, its practical applications and significance in advancing the analysis of AC machines need further elaboration. This paper aims to complement VAM by augmenting its theory, offering additional insights into its conclusions, as well as demonstrating its utility in assessing armature windings and its application of calculating torque for permanent magnet synchronous machines(PMSM). This work contributes to advancing the analysis of AC machines and underscores the potential for improved design and performance optimization.展开更多
The Modified Recursive Fourier Meth(MRFM) is presented here and applied to DISA series integrated substation automation systems for AC measurement comparing with the other measure methods used in RTUs. The application...The Modified Recursive Fourier Meth(MRFM) is presented here and applied to DISA series integrated substation automation systems for AC measurement comparing with the other measure methods used in RTUs. The application shows its high accuracy, good real time response. And it can measure harmonic in real bine.展开更多
To study the modification mechanism of activated carbon(AC)by Fe and the low-temperature NH_(3)-selective catalytic reduction(SCR)denitration mechanism of Fe/AC catalysts,Fe/AC catalysts were prepared using coconut sh...To study the modification mechanism of activated carbon(AC)by Fe and the low-temperature NH_(3)-selective catalytic reduction(SCR)denitration mechanism of Fe/AC catalysts,Fe/AC catalysts were prepared using coconut shell AC activated by nitric acid as the support and iron oxide as the active component.The crystal structure,surface morphology,pore structure,functional groups and valence states of the active components of Fe/AC catalysts were characterised by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,nitrogen adsorption and desorption,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,respectively.The effect of Fe loading and calcination temperature on the low-temperature denitration of NH_(3)-SCR over Fe/AC catalysts was studied using NH_(3)as the reducing gas at low temperature(150℃).The results show that the iron oxide on the Fe/AC catalyst is spherical and uniformly dispersed on the surface of AC,thereby improving the crystallisation performance and increasing the number of active sites and specific surface area on AC in contact with the reaction gas.Hence,a rapid NH_(3)-SCR reaction was realised.When the roasting temperature remains constant,the iron oxide crystals formed by increasing the amount of loading can enter the AC pore structure and accumulate to form more micropores.When the roasting temperature is raised from 400 to 500℃,the iron oxide is mainly transformed fromα-Fe_(2)O_(3)toγ-Fe_(2)O_(3),which improves the iron oxide dispersion and increases its denitration active site,allowing gas adsorption.When the Fe loading amount is 10%,and the roasting temperature is 500℃,the NO removal rate of the Fe/AC catalyst can reach 95%.According to the study,the low-temperature NH_(3)-SCR mechanism of Fe/AC catalyst is proposed,in which the redox reaction between Fe~(2+)and Fe~(3+)will facilitate the formation of reactive oxygen vacancies,which increases the amount of oxygen adsorption on the surface,especially the increase in surface acid sites,and promotes and adsorbs more reaction gases(NH_(3),O_(2),NO).The transformation from the standard SCR reaction to the fast SCR reaction is accelerated.展开更多
考虑到海上风电出力的随机性以及日益突出的生态环境问题,以含柔性直流输电技术(voltagesource converter high voltage direct current,VSC-HVDC)的交直流系统为研究对象,提出了考虑条件风险价值(conditional valueatrisk,CVaR)的两阶...考虑到海上风电出力的随机性以及日益突出的生态环境问题,以含柔性直流输电技术(voltagesource converter high voltage direct current,VSC-HVDC)的交直流系统为研究对象,提出了考虑条件风险价值(conditional valueatrisk,CVaR)的两阶段分布鲁棒低碳经济优化模型,构建了基于Kullback-Leibler(KL)散度的概率分布模糊集,同时利用条件风险价值量化了极端场景下的尾部风险,使得模型能够同时考虑概率分布不确定性以及处于最坏概率分布中极端场景下的尾部损失;此外,将阶梯型碳交易机制并入所提分布鲁棒模型中,通过合理利用柔性资源和储能装置,增强系统运行的灵活性,在兼顾运行风险的前提下,降低碳排放量的目标。再者,为了提高计算效率,在列和约束生成算法(column-and-constraint generation method,C&CG)和Multi-cut Benders分解算法的基础上提出了双循环分解算法。最后,在基于改进的IEEE RTS 79测试系统中验证了所提模型及算法的有效性。展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant U22A20214 and Grant 51837010。
文摘A versatile analytical method(VAM) for calculating the harmonic components of the magnetomotive force(MMF) generated by diverse armature windings in AC machines has been proposed, and the versatility of this method has been established in early literature. However, its practical applications and significance in advancing the analysis of AC machines need further elaboration. This paper aims to complement VAM by augmenting its theory, offering additional insights into its conclusions, as well as demonstrating its utility in assessing armature windings and its application of calculating torque for permanent magnet synchronous machines(PMSM). This work contributes to advancing the analysis of AC machines and underscores the potential for improved design and performance optimization.
文摘The Modified Recursive Fourier Meth(MRFM) is presented here and applied to DISA series integrated substation automation systems for AC measurement comparing with the other measure methods used in RTUs. The application shows its high accuracy, good real time response. And it can measure harmonic in real bine.
基金Funded by the General Project of Science and Technology Plan of Yunnan Science and Technology Department(Nos.202001AT070029,2019FB077)Open Fund of Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education(No.FMRUlab-20-4)。
文摘To study the modification mechanism of activated carbon(AC)by Fe and the low-temperature NH_(3)-selective catalytic reduction(SCR)denitration mechanism of Fe/AC catalysts,Fe/AC catalysts were prepared using coconut shell AC activated by nitric acid as the support and iron oxide as the active component.The crystal structure,surface morphology,pore structure,functional groups and valence states of the active components of Fe/AC catalysts were characterised by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,nitrogen adsorption and desorption,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,respectively.The effect of Fe loading and calcination temperature on the low-temperature denitration of NH_(3)-SCR over Fe/AC catalysts was studied using NH_(3)as the reducing gas at low temperature(150℃).The results show that the iron oxide on the Fe/AC catalyst is spherical and uniformly dispersed on the surface of AC,thereby improving the crystallisation performance and increasing the number of active sites and specific surface area on AC in contact with the reaction gas.Hence,a rapid NH_(3)-SCR reaction was realised.When the roasting temperature remains constant,the iron oxide crystals formed by increasing the amount of loading can enter the AC pore structure and accumulate to form more micropores.When the roasting temperature is raised from 400 to 500℃,the iron oxide is mainly transformed fromα-Fe_(2)O_(3)toγ-Fe_(2)O_(3),which improves the iron oxide dispersion and increases its denitration active site,allowing gas adsorption.When the Fe loading amount is 10%,and the roasting temperature is 500℃,the NO removal rate of the Fe/AC catalyst can reach 95%.According to the study,the low-temperature NH_(3)-SCR mechanism of Fe/AC catalyst is proposed,in which the redox reaction between Fe~(2+)and Fe~(3+)will facilitate the formation of reactive oxygen vacancies,which increases the amount of oxygen adsorption on the surface,especially the increase in surface acid sites,and promotes and adsorbs more reaction gases(NH_(3),O_(2),NO).The transformation from the standard SCR reaction to the fast SCR reaction is accelerated.
文摘考虑到海上风电出力的随机性以及日益突出的生态环境问题,以含柔性直流输电技术(voltagesource converter high voltage direct current,VSC-HVDC)的交直流系统为研究对象,提出了考虑条件风险价值(conditional valueatrisk,CVaR)的两阶段分布鲁棒低碳经济优化模型,构建了基于Kullback-Leibler(KL)散度的概率分布模糊集,同时利用条件风险价值量化了极端场景下的尾部风险,使得模型能够同时考虑概率分布不确定性以及处于最坏概率分布中极端场景下的尾部损失;此外,将阶梯型碳交易机制并入所提分布鲁棒模型中,通过合理利用柔性资源和储能装置,增强系统运行的灵活性,在兼顾运行风险的前提下,降低碳排放量的目标。再者,为了提高计算效率,在列和约束生成算法(column-and-constraint generation method,C&CG)和Multi-cut Benders分解算法的基础上提出了双循环分解算法。最后,在基于改进的IEEE RTS 79测试系统中验证了所提模型及算法的有效性。
