Novel forward mode AC/AC converters with high frequency link

A circuit configuration and a circuit topologic family of the novel forward mode AC/AC converters with high frequency link are presented. The circuit configuration is constituted of input cycloconverter, high frequency transformer, output cycloconverter, input and output filters. The circuit topologic family includes eight circuit topologies, such as full-bridge-full-wave mode, etc. The bi-polarity phase-shifted control strategy and steady principles are thoroughly investigated. The output characteristics are obtained. By using the bi-polarity phase-shifted control strategy with phase-shifted control between the output cycloconveter and the input cycloconverter, commutation overlap period of the output cycloconverter, and polarity selection of the output filtering inductance current and the input voltage, the leakage inductance energy and the output filtering inductance current are naturally commutated, and surge voltage and surge current of the cycloconverters are overcome. The converters have such advantages as simple topology, two-stage power conversions(LFAC/HFAC/LFAC), bi-directional power flow, high frequency electrical isolation, good output waveforms, and strong ability to stabilize voltage. The converters lay key technical foundation on a new-type of regulated sinusoidal AC power supplies and electronic transformers. The correction and advancement of the converters are well verified by a principle test.

Edge-Oriented Graphene on Carbon Nanofiber for High-Frequency Supercapacitors

High-frequency supercapacitors are being studied with the aim to replace the bulky electrolytic capacitors for current ripple filtering and other functions used in power systems. Here, 3 D edge-oriented graphene(EOG)was grown encircling carbon nanofiber(CNF) framework to form a highly conductive electrode with a large surface area. Such EOG/CNF electrodes were tested in aqueous and organic electrolytes for high-frequency supercapacitor development. For the aqueous and the organic cell, the characteristic frequency at-45° phase angle was found to be as high as 22 and 8.5 k Hz, respectively. At 120 Hz, the electrode capacitance density was 0.37 and 0.16 m F cm^(-2) for the two cells. In particular, the 3 V high-frequency organic cell was successfully tested as filtering capacitor used in AC/DC converter, suggesting the promisingpotential of this technology for compact power supply design and other applications.

Industrial frequency single-phase AC traction power supply system for urban rail transit and its key technologies

To avoid stray current and maintain the benefit of no phase-split in the DC traction power supply system, an AC traction power supply system was proposed for the urban public transport such as metro and light rail transit. The proposed system consists of a main substation （MSS） and cable traction network （CTN）. The MSS includes a single-phase main traction transformer and a negative-se- quence compensation device, while the CTN includes double-core cables, traction transformers, overhead catenary system, rails, etc. Several key techniques for the proposed system were put forward and discussed, which can be summarized as （1） the power supply principle, equivalent circuit and transmission ability of the CTN, the cable-catenary matching technique, and the selection of catenary voltage level; （2） the segmentation technology and status identification method for traction power supply network, distributed and centralized protection schemes, etc.; （3） a power supply scheme for single-line MSS and a power supply scheme of MSS shared by two or more lines. The proposed industrial frequency single-phase AC traction power supply system shows an excellent technical performance, good economy, and high reliability, hence provides a new alternative for metro and urban rail transit power supply systems.

Electrical and thermal characterization of near-surface electrical discharge plasma actuation driven by radio frequency voltage at low pressure

The electrical and thermal characterization of near-surface electrical discharge plasma driven by radio frequency voltage are investigated experimentally in this paper. The influences of operating pressure, electrode distance, and duty cycle on the discharge are studied. When pressure reaches 60 Ton. （1 Torr= 1.33322 x 102 Pa） the transition from diffuse glow mode to constricted mode occurs. With the operating pressure varying from 10 Tort to 60 Torr, the discharge energy calculated from the charge-voltage （Q-V） Lissajous figure decreases rapidly, while it remains unchanged between 60 Torr and 460 Torr. Under certain experimental conditions, there exists an optimized electrode distance （8 mm）. As the duty cycle of applied voltage increases, the voltage-current waveforms and Q-V Lissajous figures show no distinct changes.

Effect of Driving AC Voltage Frequency on Breakdown Voltage in Dielectric Barrier Discharge at Atmospheric Pressure in Helium

For dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)driven by AC voltage in helium at atmospheric,the relationship between the breakdown voltage and the driving frequency is experimentally investigated using a pair of parallel electrodes.The gap between the electrodes is 1 mm,4 mm,7 mm,and 10 mm,respectively.Meanwhile with an increment of 2 kHz,the applied AC voltage varies from 12 kHz to 30 kHz.In each experiment,the driving voltage increases slowly,till the helium-filled gap breaks down.Based on a number of experimental results and further analyses,conclusions are obtained as follows.(1)For a small gap(1 mm),the voltage that triggers the first breakdown(Uf)is close to the one that sustains steady breakdowns(Us).However,in the larger gaps(4,7,and 10 mm),Uf is obviously larger than Us.(2)For a fixed gap,Uf does not change significantly with the driving frequency,whereas in the gaps except the 1 mm one,Us drastically decreases with the increase of driving frequency.(3)The motion of residual space charges and the dissipation of positive column,two reasonable factors that explains asymmetrical discharges,are also main reasons for the effect of the driving frequency on the breakdown voltages.

High-frequency supercapacitors with phosphorus-doped Ketjen black

Compact supercapacitors(SCs)have attracted attention for their great potential to replace bulky aluminum electrolytic capacitors(AECs)in alternating current(AC)line filtering applications.Herein,the fabrication of a high-frequency SC is reported using Ketjen black(KB)nanoparticles doped with phosphorus(P)to achieve a high areal capacitance of up to 2.26 mF cm^(-2)along with a high-rate capability,with a phase angle of-80.2°at 120 Hz.The high performance of the phosphorus-doped KB(designated PKB)SC with a 6 M KOH aqueous electrolyte is associated with its increased surface wettability and additional capacitive sites provided by the P-doping.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations further indicate that the P-doping enhances the interactions between the electrolyte ions and the carbon surface,thus leading to an improved electrochemical performance.These results suggest that the P-doped carbonbased SC could be highly favored in replacing conventional AECs in various high-frequency electronic devices.

Analysis of Soft-Switched High Frequency AC-AC Converter for Induction Motor Drive

The systematic mathematical analysis of the high frequency soft-switched AC-AC converter is proposed for variable frequency induction machine load in this paper. Both PWM and square-wave modes of operation have been considered. The frequency relation and phase unbalance problem due to discrete time integral half-cycle switching has been discussed in the beginning. Then, generalized Fourier series have been derived for output voltage, output current and supply current in two modes.The analytical results help to understand tbe converter characteristics, design optimally a convertermachine system of arbitrary capacity considering the various trade-off parameters.

Brushless Doubly-Fed Induction Machine as a Variable Frequency Transformer

VFT （variable frequency transformer） has been recently used as art alternative to HVDC （high voltage direct current） to control power flow between asynchronous networks. VFT consumes less reactive power than a back-to-back HVDC system, provides faster initial transient recovery, and has better natural damping capability. VFT is simply a DFIM （doubly-fed induction machine） where the machine torque controls the power flow from stator to rotor and vice versa. The main disadvantage of this VFT is the slip rings and brushes required for the rotor circuit, especially in bulk power transmission. The BDFM （brushless doubly-fed machine） with nested cage rotor machine is proved to be a comparable alternative to conventional DFIM in many applications with the advantage that all windings being in the stator frame with fixed output terminals. In this paper, the BDFM is used as a BVFT （brushless variable frequency transformer）. A prototype machine is designed and simulated to verify the system validity.

High Density 3D Carbon Tube Nanoarray Electrode Boosting the Capacitance of Filter Capacitor

Electric double-layer capacitors(EDLCs)with fast frequency response are regarded as small-scale alternatives to the commercial bulky aluminum electrolytic capacitors.Creating carbon-based nanoarray electrodes with precise alignment and smooth ion channels is crucial for enhancing EDLCs’performance.However,controlling the density of macropore-dominated nanoarray electrodes poses challenges in boosting the capacitance of line-filtering EDLCs.Herein,a simple technique to finely adjust the vertical-pore diameter and inter-spacing in three-dimensional nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide(3D-AAO)template is achieved,and 3D compactly arranged carbon tube(3D-CACT)nanoarrays are created as electrodes for symmetrical EDLCs using nanoporous 3D-AAO template-assisted chemical vapor deposition of carbon.The 3D-CACT electrodes demonstrate a high surface area of 253.0 m^(2) g^(−1),a D/G band intensity ratio of 0.94,and a C/O atomic ratio of 8.As a result,the high-density 3D-CT nanoarray-based sandwich-type EDLCs demonstrate a record high specific areal capacitance of 3.23 mF cm^(-2) at 120 Hz and exceptional fast frequency response due to the vertically aligned and highly ordered nanoarray of closely packed CT units.The 3D-CT nanoarray electrode-based EDLCs could serve as line filters in integrated circuits,aiding power system miniaturization.

一种新型可升降压四种模式AC/AC变换器

提出了一种新型具有四种模式的交流-交流变换器,该变换器在新模式输出波形上降低了谐波,提高了输出电压的质量,减小了电压的纹波,同时增加了新的工作模式。在新的工作模式下,该变换器具有原变换器只用两个开关管高频切换、减少了电能损失等优点,适用于特殊的场合。介绍了该变换器的工作原理和控制方式,对新模式的电感电容进行了推导,并在MATLAB/Simulink中仿真验证了其正确性。

Analysis and Design Aspects of a Series Power Semiconductor Array with Digital Waveform Control Capability for Single Phase AC Voltage Regulators and Other Applications

A series connected power semiconductor array, with digital control capability could be used for developing single phase AC regulators or other applications such as AC electronic loads. This technique together with an ordinary gapless transformer could be used to develop a low cost AC voltage regulator (AVR) to provide better or comparable specifications with bulky ferro-resonant AVR types. One primary advantage of the technique is that digital control can be used to minimize harmonics. Commencing with a review of AC voltage regulator techniques for single phase power conditioning systems, an analysis and design aspects of this technique is presented with experimental results for AVRs. Guidelines on how to utilize the technique in a generalized basis is also summarized together with a summary of a technique for achieving harmonic control.

电流源高频交流环节AC/AC变换器研究

提出了基于反激Flyback变换器的电流源高频交流环节AC/AC变换器电路结构与拓扑族。该电路结构由输入周波变换器、高频储能式变压器、输出周波变换器以及输入、输出周波变换器构成,能够将一种不稳定畸变的交流电变换成同频率稳定的正弦交流电压;该电路拓扑族包括单四象限功率开关式、推挽式、半桥式、全桥式等四种电路。以单四象限功率开关式电路拓扑为例,分析研究了这类变换器工作模式、稳态原理与电压瞬时值反馈控制策略,给出了变换器的外特性曲线、关键电路参数设计准则。原理试验结果证实了这类变换器新概念的正确性与先进性。

双极性移相控制电压源高频交流环节AC/AC变换器研究

提出了一类双极性移相控制电压源高频交流环节AC/AC变换器,以半桥全波式电路拓扑为例,深入研究了这类变换器的稳态工作原理,获得了变换器功率器件实现软开关的设计准则。借助输出周波变换器换流重叠、输入电网电压极性选择和输出滤波电感电流极性选择,实现了变压 器漏感能量和输出滤波电感电流的自然换流,解决了周波变换器固有的电压过冲和环流问题,实现了输入周波变换器功率器件的ZVS开关和输出周波变换器功率器件的ZCS开关,为获得新型正弦交流稳压器和电子变压器奠定了关键技术基础。仿真与原理试验结果均证实了这类变换器的正确性与先进性。

单极性移相控制电压源高频交流环节AC/AC变换器研究

该文首次提出并深入研究了基于正激Forward变换器 的单极性移相控制电压源高频交流环节AC/AC变换器。这类变换器由输入周波变换器、高频变压器、输出周波变换器、以及输入、输出滤波器构成。输入周波变换器将输入不稳定劣质的交流电压调制成双极性三态的高频交流电压,输出周波变换器将此高频交流电压解调成单极性三态SPWM波,经输出滤波后得到稳定优质的正弦交流电压。通过输入周波变换器右桥臂相对左桥臂的移相,让输出周波变换器功率开关在输入周波变换器输出的高频交流电压为零期间进行换流,并借助输出周波变换器换流重叠和输入电压极性选择,从而实现了变压器漏感能量和输出滤波电感电流的自然换流、输出周波变换器的ZVS开关。详细分析了这类交换器在1个高频开关周期内的12个工作模式及其等效电路,获得了变换器外特性曲线与关键电路参数设计准则。原理试验结果证实了这类交换器新概念,为实现新型电子变压器、正弦交流稳压器和交流调压器奠定了基础。

近视眼儿童AC/A率的临床观察

目的:探讨近视眼儿童AC/A率的特点。方法:将研究对象分正常眼组和近视眼组,近视眼组按近视程度分轻、中、高度近视眼三组,用同视机分别测量其AC/A率并进行比较。追踪观察记录平时戴镜情况,分持续戴镜、未戴镜和间断戴镜三组,每组选取30例,测量其AC/A率。结果:各近视眼组AC/A率高于正常眼组,而高度近视眼组AC/A率高于轻、中度近视眼组;近视眼持续戴镜组AC/A率均值低于未戴镜组及间断戴镜组。结论:未矫正的近视眼儿童AC/A率的异常是对调节和集合不协调的一种适应,同时AC/A的增加又导致了近视眼的深度化。而近视眼通过戴镜矫正一段时间后,不协调的辐辏和调节间的关系得以重新调整,AC/A率逐步下降。

一种单级高频AC/AC变换器

在LCD背光源、隧道照明等大功率LED照明领域,LED驱动电源需实现功率因数校正、输入输出隔离、多路恒流输出功能。为此,该文提出一种包括高频AC/AC变换模块和高频AC/DC变换模块的模块化多路输出LED驱动电源,并主要研究一种输出为高频正弦交流电压的单级高频AC/AC变换器,其内部包括功率因数校正和高频DC/AC变换两个功率变换单元。首先对单级AC/AC变换器的拓扑进行推演,然后分析其工作原理及性能特点。由于功率因数校正单元的工作原理及性能特点在以前的文献中有详细介绍,该文主要描述高频DC/AC变换单元的工作原理,并采用基波分析法对其性能进行分析。最后搭建一台输出功率为100W的单级高频AC/AC变换器实验样机,实验结果表明:在额定输入输出条件下,功率因数达到0.94,直流母线电容电压在全输入输出范围内最高为440V,满足实际应用需求。

中国优秀马拉松运动员ACE基因I/D多态性频率分布特征

通过分析中国马拉松运动员ACE基因I/D多态频率分布特征,探讨其作为杰出耐力基因标记的可行性。选择我国马拉松健将、国际健将级运动员26名作为马拉松运动员组,汉族学生216名作为对照组。对两组受试者进行ACE基因I/D多态性测定。结果显示:我国马拉松运动员组的等位基因频率和基因型频率与对照组比较无显著差异,其中15名国际健将中无一DD型纯合子,提示我国优秀马拉松运动员的纯合子DD型频率低下是其ACE基因多态频率分布的主要特征。

电压源高频交流环节AC/AC变换器原理研究

首次提出了电压源高频交流环节AC/AC变换器电路拓扑族 ,这类电路拓扑由输入周波变换器、高频变压器、输出周波变换器构成。分析研究了这类变换器稳态原理与移相控制策略 ,绘出了变换器的外特性曲线。这类变换器具有电路拓扑简洁、两级功率变换 (LFAC/HFAC/LFAC)、双向功率流、高频电气隔离、网侧电流波形可得到改善、负载适应能力强等优点。PSPICE仿真波形充分证实了这类变换器的正确性和先进性。

高频交流环节AC/AC变频变换系统基准正弦电路研究

首次提出并深入分析研究了一类全数字化技术、与电网电压n倍频或n分频信号同步的基准正弦电路,并给出了关键电路参数设计准则与试验结果,试验结果与理论分析一致。该基准正弦电路具有输出正弦电压与电网电压n倍频或n分频信号同步、THD小、幅值可调且不受电网电压波动的影响、简单实用、价格低廉等优点,在高频交流环节AC/AC变频变换系统和UPS中具有重要应用价值。

基于双管反激变换器的全桥式高频交流环节AC/AC变换器研究

提出了以双管反激变换器为基础的全桥式高频交流环节AC/AC变换器拓扑。该拓扑由输入周波变换器、高频储能式变压器、输出周波变换器以及输入、输出滤波器构成，能够将不稳定劣质的交流电变换成同频率稳定的优质正弦交流电压。分析研究了这种变换器的工作模式、稳态原理特性与电压瞬时值反馈控制策略，给出了变换器的外特性曲线以及变换器内阻对外特性的影响、关键电路参数设计准则。理论分析与原理试验表明，这种变换器具有高频电气隔离、电路拓扑简洁、两级功率变换(LFAC/HFAC／LFAC)、双向功率流、网侧功率因数较高、负载适应能力强、音频噪音小、负载短路时可靠性高、适合于高压输入小功率变换场合等特点。