This paper uses the perturbation method to study effective response of nonlinear cylindrical coated composites. Under the external AC and DC electric field Ea （1 ＋sin ωt）, the local potentials of composites at all...This paper uses the perturbation method to study effective response of nonlinear cylindrical coated composites. Under the external AC and DC electric field Ea （1 ＋sin ωt）, the local potentials of composites at all harmonic frequencies are induced. An effective nonlinear response to composite is given for the cylindrical coated inclusions in the dilute limit.展开更多
For higher concentration of inclusions, an effective medium approximation （EMA） method is used to investigate the bulk effective response of weakly nonlinear composites, which are subject to the constitutive relatio...For higher concentration of inclusions, an effective medium approximation （EMA） method is used to investigate the bulk effective response of weakly nonlinear composites, which are subject to the constitutive relation of electric displacement and electric field, Dα = εαE ＋Xα｜E｜^2 E. As an example of three dimensions, under the external AC and DC electric fields Eapp = Eα（1 ＋ sinωt）, we have derived the general effective nonh＇near response of composites by the EMA method for higher concentration of spherical inclusions. Furthermore, the effective nonlinear responses at harmonics are predicted.展开更多
The valve side windings of converter transformers bear AC, DC, impulse, and reversal-polarity voltages during operation, which could result in serious insulation problems of the equipment. By performing experiments wi...The valve side windings of converter transformers bear AC, DC, impulse, and reversal-polarity voltages during operation, which could result in serious insulation problems of the equipment. By performing experiments with surface discharge model of oil-paper insula- tion at 80 ℃ under combined AC-DC voltage for 200 h, we studied the spectrums and statistical parameters of partial discharges at different discharge stages. Furthermore, some fingerprint parameters were calculated in order to estimate the development situation of par- tial discharge, while the characteristic gases dissolved in the transformer oil were measured by gas chromatography. The surface discharges in the experiments were observed using a high speed camera, and a full discharge process could be marked off into four stages as follows. ①The elementary stage. When a partial discharge occurs near electrodes, electrical charges are injected into the region near electrodes and causing bubble generation. ②Due to their high resistivity and low dielectric constant, the bubbles would bare the major part of the voltage applied to samples. Therefore, discharge happens inside the small bubbles, and it emits a lot of light. ③Micromolecules of gas are produced in discharge, and further ionization in the transformer oil takes place simultaneously when high-energy electrons collide with oil molecules. ④The carrier charge moves forward to electrodes driven by the applied electric field, till they neutralize with the charge from electrodes, and hence discharge channels are formed subsequently.展开更多
Due to the complexity of the valve side winding voltage of the converter transformer, the insulation characteristics of the oil-impregnated pressboard(OIP) of the converter transformer are different from those of the ...Due to the complexity of the valve side winding voltage of the converter transformer, the insulation characteristics of the oil-impregnated pressboard(OIP) of the converter transformer are different from those of the traditional AC transformer. The study on effect of temperature on the creeping discharge characteristics of OIP under combined AC–DC voltage is seriously inadequate. Therefore, this paper investigates the characteristics of OIP creepage discharge under combined AC–DC voltage and discusses the influence of temperature on creepage discharge characteristics under different temperatures from 70 °C to 110 °C. The experimental results show that the partial discharge inception voltage and flashover voltage decrease with increasing temperature. The times of low amplitude discharge(LAD) decrease and amplitude of LAD increases. Simultaneously, the times of high amplitude discharge(HAD) gradually increase at each stage of creepage discharge with higher temperature. The analysis indicates that the charge carriers easily accumulate and quickly migrate directional movement along the electric field ahead of discharging. The residual charge carriers are more easily dissipated after discharging.The ‘hump’ region of LAD moves to the direction of higher discharge magnitude. The interval time between two continuous discharges is shortened obviously. The concentration of HAD accelerates the development of OIP insulation creepage discharge. The temperature had an accelerating effect on the development of discharge in the OIP under applying voltage.展开更多
This paper describes an experimental and theoretical study on an extraction phenomenon of liquids occurring at an air gap between the liquid surface and the electrode by applying a direct current (DC) or low-frequency...This paper describes an experimental and theoretical study on an extraction phenomenon of liquids occurring at an air gap between the liquid surface and the electrode by applying a direct current (DC) or low-frequency alternating current (AC) voltage. Three liquids with a different physical property;2,3-dihydrodecafluoropenten, palm fatty acid ester oil and crude rapeseed oil are used as working liquids. The electrode configuration is the sphere or plane (high voltage electrode) to grounded plane electrode. The grounded plane electrode is fixed to the bottom of the test vessel with working liquid and the high voltage electrode is installed in an air above the liquid surface against the grounded plane electrode. The liquid surface swells towards the high voltage electrode by the increase of voltage and the liquid is extracted in a short time, thereafter the air gap between the liquid surface and the high voltage electrode is bridged at a thick liquid column. Such the liquid behavior displays unique features with voltage polarity effect for each working liquid. The relationship between the applied voltage, current variation, height of swollen liquid, force pulling liquid and dynamic feature of liquid is examined experimentally. The liquid behavior is considered theoretically based on experimental observations.展开更多
提出了一种电压钳位零电压开关(zero voltage switch,ZVS)型推挽式高频环节DC/AC变换器,首先给出了所提出高频环节DC/AC变换器的推衍过程,针对所推衍出的拓扑结构给出了其开关控制策略。重点叙述了其稳态工作原理,并采用状态空间法建立...提出了一种电压钳位零电压开关(zero voltage switch,ZVS)型推挽式高频环节DC/AC变换器,首先给出了所提出高频环节DC/AC变换器的推衍过程,针对所推衍出的拓扑结构给出了其开关控制策略。重点叙述了其稳态工作原理,并采用状态空间法建立了变换器的输入输出平均模型,然后分析了该变换器的主要特性。通过对比分析发现,所提出的DC/AC变换器与移相全桥式DC/AC变换器具有相类似的特性,变压器原边功率管S_1、S_2很容易实现ZVS开通,功率管S_3在漏感能量足够的条件下实现ZVS开通,且其两端电压可被钳位于输入电压,变压器副边的周波变换器则很容易实现ZVS换流。此外,相比传统推挽式DC/AC变换器,所提出变换器解决了其硬开关、损耗大的问题。最后,设计了一台功率为500VA,输入输出为48VDC/110V 50Hz AC原理样机,实验结果验证了所提出变换器的工作原理及理论分析的正确性,变换器效率可达91.5%以上。展开更多
提出一种适用于V2G(Vehicle tǒgrid,VZG)和电网-蓄电池储能等系统的单级双向隔离AC-DC变换器。该变换器可实现高效率、高功率密度,及能量双向传输。该文介绍该变换器的工作原理、功率传输特性,分析并设计软开关ZVS(zero voltage switch...提出一种适用于V2G(Vehicle tǒgrid,VZG)和电网-蓄电池储能等系统的单级双向隔离AC-DC变换器。该变换器可实现高效率、高功率密度,及能量双向传输。该文介绍该变换器的工作原理、功率传输特性,分析并设计软开关ZVS(zero voltage switching,ZVS)的实现,最终可在宽增益范围和全负载情况下实现软开关,并制作一台500 W的实验样机进行验证。展开更多
针对双向隔离型AC-DC矩阵变换器,文中提出一种软开关复合调制策略,其中,前级3-1矩阵式变换电路采用对称双线电压调制法,以提高电压传输比;后级全桥电路采用互补控制,简单易实现;前后级电路之间进行移相控制。通过协调安排前后级脉冲宽...针对双向隔离型AC-DC矩阵变换器,文中提出一种软开关复合调制策略,其中,前级3-1矩阵式变换电路采用对称双线电压调制法,以提高电压传输比;后级全桥电路采用互补控制,简单易实现;前后级电路之间进行移相控制。通过协调安排前后级脉冲宽度分布,使得矩阵变换器中的双向开关在采用简单的两步换流时,可保证全部开关器件实现零电压开关(zero voltage switching,ZVS)换流。仿真和实验结果表明,网侧电流三相平衡正弦,相电流谐波畸变率小于3%,功率因数接近于1,输出电压和电流为稳定直流,电压电流纹波小,变换器中的双向开关和普通开关器件均能实现ZVS换流。在宽负载范围(10%~100%)内效率均保持在94.5%以上,最高效率可达97.74%。因此,采用提出的调制策略可实现双向隔离型AC-DC矩阵变换器功率的稳定传输,在保证良好的输入输出性能的同时,实现了开关器件的零电压换流,具有高效率。展开更多
基金supported by National High-tech Research and Development Program of China（863 Program）（2009AA04Z416） National Science Foundation of China（51021005） Scientific Innovation of Colleges and Universities（Project v-200704）
基金supported by National High-tech Research and Development Program of China（863 Program）（2009AA04Z416） National Science Foundation of China（51021005） Scientific Innovation of Colleges and Universities（200704）
文摘This paper uses the perturbation method to study effective response of nonlinear cylindrical coated composites. Under the external AC and DC electric field Ea （1 ＋sin ωt）, the local potentials of composites at all harmonic frequencies are induced. An effective nonlinear response to composite is given for the cylindrical coated inclusions in the dilute limit.
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.40476026 and 10374026
文摘For higher concentration of inclusions, an effective medium approximation （EMA） method is used to investigate the bulk effective response of weakly nonlinear composites, which are subject to the constitutive relation of electric displacement and electric field, Dα = εαE ＋Xα｜E｜^2 E. As an example of three dimensions, under the external AC and DC electric fields Eapp = Eα（1 ＋ sinωt）, we have derived the general effective nonh＇near response of composites by the EMA method for higher concentration of spherical inclusions. Furthermore, the effective nonlinear responses at harmonics are predicted.
基金Project supported by National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program) (2011CB 209400)Program of State Key Laboratory of Power Systems for ±1 100 kV UHVDC Technology(SKLD10M09)
文摘The valve side windings of converter transformers bear AC, DC, impulse, and reversal-polarity voltages during operation, which could result in serious insulation problems of the equipment. By performing experiments with surface discharge model of oil-paper insula- tion at 80 ℃ under combined AC-DC voltage for 200 h, we studied the spectrums and statistical parameters of partial discharges at different discharge stages. Furthermore, some fingerprint parameters were calculated in order to estimate the development situation of par- tial discharge, while the characteristic gases dissolved in the transformer oil were measured by gas chromatography. The surface discharges in the experiments were observed using a high speed camera, and a full discharge process could be marked off into four stages as follows. ①The elementary stage. When a partial discharge occurs near electrodes, electrical charges are injected into the region near electrodes and causing bubble generation. ②Due to their high resistivity and low dielectric constant, the bubbles would bare the major part of the voltage applied to samples. Therefore, discharge happens inside the small bubbles, and it emits a lot of light. ③Micromolecules of gas are produced in discharge, and further ionization in the transformer oil takes place simultaneously when high-energy electrons collide with oil molecules. ④The carrier charge moves forward to electrodes driven by the applied electric field, till they neutralize with the charge from electrodes, and hence discharge channels are formed subsequently.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Qinghai Province(No.2016-ZJ-925Q)Chinese National Programs for Fundamental Research(No.2011CB209400)
文摘Due to the complexity of the valve side winding voltage of the converter transformer, the insulation characteristics of the oil-impregnated pressboard(OIP) of the converter transformer are different from those of the traditional AC transformer. The study on effect of temperature on the creeping discharge characteristics of OIP under combined AC–DC voltage is seriously inadequate. Therefore, this paper investigates the characteristics of OIP creepage discharge under combined AC–DC voltage and discusses the influence of temperature on creepage discharge characteristics under different temperatures from 70 °C to 110 °C. The experimental results show that the partial discharge inception voltage and flashover voltage decrease with increasing temperature. The times of low amplitude discharge(LAD) decrease and amplitude of LAD increases. Simultaneously, the times of high amplitude discharge(HAD) gradually increase at each stage of creepage discharge with higher temperature. The analysis indicates that the charge carriers easily accumulate and quickly migrate directional movement along the electric field ahead of discharging. The residual charge carriers are more easily dissipated after discharging.The ‘hump’ region of LAD moves to the direction of higher discharge magnitude. The interval time between two continuous discharges is shortened obviously. The concentration of HAD accelerates the development of OIP insulation creepage discharge. The temperature had an accelerating effect on the development of discharge in the OIP under applying voltage.
文摘This paper describes an experimental and theoretical study on an extraction phenomenon of liquids occurring at an air gap between the liquid surface and the electrode by applying a direct current (DC) or low-frequency alternating current (AC) voltage. Three liquids with a different physical property;2,3-dihydrodecafluoropenten, palm fatty acid ester oil and crude rapeseed oil are used as working liquids. The electrode configuration is the sphere or plane (high voltage electrode) to grounded plane electrode. The grounded plane electrode is fixed to the bottom of the test vessel with working liquid and the high voltage electrode is installed in an air above the liquid surface against the grounded plane electrode. The liquid surface swells towards the high voltage electrode by the increase of voltage and the liquid is extracted in a short time, thereafter the air gap between the liquid surface and the high voltage electrode is bridged at a thick liquid column. Such the liquid behavior displays unique features with voltage polarity effect for each working liquid. The relationship between the applied voltage, current variation, height of swollen liquid, force pulling liquid and dynamic feature of liquid is examined experimentally. The liquid behavior is considered theoretically based on experimental observations.
文摘提出了一种电压钳位零电压开关(zero voltage switch,ZVS)型推挽式高频环节DC/AC变换器,首先给出了所提出高频环节DC/AC变换器的推衍过程,针对所推衍出的拓扑结构给出了其开关控制策略。重点叙述了其稳态工作原理,并采用状态空间法建立了变换器的输入输出平均模型,然后分析了该变换器的主要特性。通过对比分析发现,所提出的DC/AC变换器与移相全桥式DC/AC变换器具有相类似的特性,变压器原边功率管S_1、S_2很容易实现ZVS开通,功率管S_3在漏感能量足够的条件下实现ZVS开通,且其两端电压可被钳位于输入电压,变压器副边的周波变换器则很容易实现ZVS换流。此外,相比传统推挽式DC/AC变换器,所提出变换器解决了其硬开关、损耗大的问题。最后,设计了一台功率为500VA,输入输出为48VDC/110V 50Hz AC原理样机,实验结果验证了所提出变换器的工作原理及理论分析的正确性,变换器效率可达91.5%以上。
文摘提出一种适用于V2G(Vehicle tǒgrid,VZG)和电网-蓄电池储能等系统的单级双向隔离AC-DC变换器。该变换器可实现高效率、高功率密度,及能量双向传输。该文介绍该变换器的工作原理、功率传输特性,分析并设计软开关ZVS(zero voltage switching,ZVS)的实现,最终可在宽增益范围和全负载情况下实现软开关,并制作一台500 W的实验样机进行验证。
文摘针对双向隔离型AC-DC矩阵变换器,文中提出一种软开关复合调制策略,其中,前级3-1矩阵式变换电路采用对称双线电压调制法,以提高电压传输比;后级全桥电路采用互补控制,简单易实现;前后级电路之间进行移相控制。通过协调安排前后级脉冲宽度分布,使得矩阵变换器中的双向开关在采用简单的两步换流时,可保证全部开关器件实现零电压开关(zero voltage switching,ZVS)换流。仿真和实验结果表明,网侧电流三相平衡正弦,相电流谐波畸变率小于3%,功率因数接近于1,输出电压和电流为稳定直流,电压电流纹波小,变换器中的双向开关和普通开关器件均能实现ZVS换流。在宽负载范围(10%~100%)内效率均保持在94.5%以上,最高效率可达97.74%。因此,采用提出的调制策略可实现双向隔离型AC-DC矩阵变换器功率的稳定传输,在保证良好的输入输出性能的同时,实现了开关器件的零电压换流,具有高效率。
