Practice and Prospect of AC/DC Hybrid Power Grid in Southern China

China Southern Power Grid is a unique EHV AC/DC hybrid transmission network that operates in China. In its service area, the distribution of energy resources and the development of economy are extremely unbalanced, so long-distance and bulk power transmission are needed; besides, the geography and climate conditions are serious, rains, fogs, lightning and typhoon as well as high temperature are common all the year round. Facing these challenges, the power grid enhanced stability control, improved the equipment and strengthen the network structure. In the future, the power grid plans to optimize the disposition of power sources and build digitalized power system.

电流畸变时AC/DC双向功率变换器的控制策略

在交直流混合微电网中,通过电力电子接口接入的可再生能源和非线性负载会使交流母线电流发生畸变。因此,要求AC/DC双向功率变换器不仅能可靠变换功率以保证交直流子网功率平衡,而且能抑制交流母线谐波电流。该文基于Fryze-Buchholz-Depenbrock(FBD)功率理论的谐波电流检测法,提出一种可以治理交流母线谐波电流的AC/DC双向功率变换器控制策略。该控制策略在实现交直流子网功率传输及母线电压稳定的基础上,还可以通过AC/DC双向功率变换器治理交流母线谐波电流,保证微电网具有良好的电能质量。最后通过仿真和实验验证了该控制策略的有效性。

联接弱交流电网MMC-HVDC系统的直流功率传输能力提升方法

模块化多电平换流器高压直流输电(modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current,MMC-HVDC)由于具备自换相能力,尤其适用于向弱交流电网供电。交流系统强度降低时,会制约系统的直流功率传输能力,甚至导致系统失稳。针对联接弱交流电网时MMC-HVDC系统功率传输受限的问题,建立了状态空间与直流阻抗模型,从时域、频域两方面研究了交流系统强度对直流功率传输能力的影响,明确了弱交流电网工况下功率传输受限的原因。基于参与因子定位结果,提出了在定直流电压控制环节引入直流电流反馈的功率传输能力提升方法,从时域、频域两方面对控制策略的提升作用进行了机理分析,并定量得出了控制参数的可行域及功率传输能力的最大提升水平。该方法在避免稳态误差的前提下,有效提升了MMC-HVDC系统的直流功率传输能力。

Technology and engineering application of cross area HVDC interconnection system high-precision simulation modeling based on ADPSS

In recent years, a large number of high voltage direct current(HVDC) transmission projects have been connected to AC systems. This has started to have an impact on AC/DC hybrid power grids, particularly receiving terminal power grids. An HVDC system is a large-scale power electronic integrated nonlinear system, and it includes a primary system and a control and protection system. Hence, the precision and degree of detail of HVDC systems directly affect the actual effect of simulation. In recent years, in the case of the normal operation and failure of AC power grids, the abnormal fluctuation and even locking of HVDC systems caused by the inappropriate strategies of the control and protection system component have strongly affected power grids. This has significantly affected the safety and stability of receiving power grids and normal operation. In this study, the actual engineering HVDC control logic provided by a manufacturer is analyzed and simulated based on the user defined component library of the ADPSS electromagnetic transient calculation program, and an HVDC control model based on an actual system is established. The accuracy of the DC control custom model based on ADPSS is verified through the simulation of an actual power grid.

Complete Localization of HVDC Back-to-Back Project Realized

The first completely localized DC back-to-back project for asynchronous interconnection between Northwest and Central China plays an important role in realizing national power grid interconnection, spurring indigenous manufacturing industries and promoting DC transmission equipment. Insisting on the principle of autonomous innovation, this project was based on domestic forces in every aspect, from engineering organization, system design, equipment completion, engineering design, equipment manufacturing and procurement to construction and debugging. By passing through strict quality control, intermediate supervision and acceptance test and assessment, the project has been proved up to world advanced level.

A Robust Control Strategy to Improve Transient Stability for AC-DC Interconnected Power System with Wind Farms

In view of the variable parameters that affect the transient stability of electromagnetic torque and mechanical torque balance in AC-DC system,and the uncertainty of wind power in large-scale interconnection of wind farm.This paper proposes a linear parameter varying(LPV)robust feedback control method for transient stability of interconnected systems.The proposed LPV robust feedback control method uses the DC channel power control and the mechanical power in the interconnected system as the control target to improve the transient stability of the interconnected system with wind farm channel.Firstly,aiming at the strong nonlinear characteristics of the interconnected system,the power balance and the wind power output uncertainty in the transient process,the transient process is designed as a linear model of variable parameters.Then,the H∞robust output feedback controller is designed according to the LPV model.The transient stability control strategy topology and transfer function of the interconnected system are proposed.Finally,the proposed scheme is verified by an interconnected system formed by four equal-value grids through AC and DC lines in a digital simulation platform.The results show that the LPV robust feedback control model proposed in this paper has better response characteristics and transient stability control effects for interconnected systems with wind power weak sendingend system.

Reactive Power Multi-objective Optimization for Multi-terminal AC/DC Interconnected Power Systems Under Wind Power Fluctuation

In view of the reactive power coordination difficulties caused by reactive power strong coupling,the provincial power grids in the interconnected system are formed by the multi-AC/DC transmission.Wind power channels are under the conditions of large-scale long-distance transmission of wind power and other forms of renewable power generation.The AC-DC hybrid power flow equation of the interconnected system,including the AC-DC tie lines,is presented in this paper,along with the robust dynamic evolutionary optimization of the reactive power system in interconnected systems under fluctuating and uncertain wind power conditions.Therefore,the rapid collaborative optimization of reactive power flow and the exchange of reactive power between tie lines between provincial power grids are realized.The analysis was made by taking four interconnected large-scale provincial power grids of Eastern Mongolia,Jilin,Liaoning and Shandong as an example.The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed reactive power dynamic multi-objective optimization method for interconnected power grids.

HVDC系统换相失败对交流电网继电保护影响的机理分析

在交直流互联系统中,交流电网故障引发的直流换相失败可导致交流电网保护不正确动作。分析建立了换相失败情况下逆变器的开关函数模型和直流电流暂态变化模型;根据调制理论及卷积定理,推导出了换相失败情况下直流系统注入交流电网的等值工频及工频变化量电流的动态相量模型;通过分析表明该等值工频及工频变化量电流的变化特性有别于纯交流系统,可能造成交流电网故障引发换相失败时交流电网保护的不正确动作;最后,结合两种具体的交流电网保护,分析了直流换相失败导致交流电网保护不正确动作的机理,为交直流系统继电保护策略研究提供了理论基础。

含多类型直流的交直流混联电网潮流计算方法适用性分析

作为电网发展的新阶段,交直流混联电网呈现多类型直流参与、大规模交直流互联的特点,而关于统一迭代和交替迭代2种潮流计算方法的适用性尚未得到深入分析。为此基于含多类型直流的交直流混联电网对2种潮流计算方法的运算性能进行对比研究。推导了含常规直流、柔性直流、混合直流的交直流混联电网潮流模型,进而提出了相应的统一迭代法和交替迭代法。通过3个交直流混联电网测试系统和南方电网实际系统数据验证了潮流模型的有效性和潮流算法的准确性,结合系统负荷水平、系统强度、直流嵌入规模等因素对2种潮流计算方法的收敛性能和计算速度进行对比分析。研究结果表明,在含多类型直流的交直流混联电网中进行潮流计算时,统一迭代法的计算效率比交替迭代法高。

基于多类型换流设备的受端电网耦合鲁棒阻尼控制策略

针对混合级联直流馈入与柔性输电设备密集接入的受端电网,为增强其特定振荡模式的阻尼,利用不同换流设备控制回路间的相互作用,提出了一种基于多输入多输出系统模型的耦合鲁棒阻尼控制器设计方法。根据主模比指标选取振荡抑制效果最佳的反馈信号作为控制器输入信号;利用总体最小二乘-旋转不变技术识别系统的振荡模式并辨识系统降阶模型;采用混合H_(2)/H_(∞)方法设计耦合鲁棒控制阻尼器。控制器采用平衡截断法进行降阶,兼具鲁棒性能与实际工程应用。混合级联直流与受端江苏电网互联系统的时域仿真结果表明,相比于传统超前-滞后控制器,耦合鲁棒阻尼控制器在多种扰动和故障下均能有效抑制低频振荡,使系统快速恢复稳定运行。

交直流互联电网的跨省输电功率可行域分析

交直流互联电网的送受关系复杂,电网运行调控的约束众多,使得完全依赖人工经验来判断送受电计划调整空间的难度较大。为适应市场化交易对于跨省送受电计划调整提出的精细化要求,提出了一种跨省输电功率可行域的分析方法。首先,根据交直流互联电网的运行特点,对调度可行域所含的运行约束进行拓展建模。然后,构建跨省输电功率可行域模型,并采用有序顶点搜索法进行求解。最后,基于南方区域电网的实际运行场景展开算例分析,并利用全网调度优化模型的计算结果验证了跨省输电功率可行域的有效性。依据可行域的计算结果可以获知特定送受场景下跨省输电功率的限值范围,从而为中长期送受电计划校核调整提供参考依据。

构网型和跟网型电力电子装备混联系统惯量响应的匹配问题综述

构网型和跟网型电力电子装备具有异质化调频特性,导致2类装备交直流混联系统惯量响应阶段的动态交互作用机理复杂,传统的惯量参数匹配原则难以优化系统频率响应的问题。阐述了电力电子装备系统的惯量响应匹配问题,并对现有电压源型变流器的调频控制方法进行了概述。从功频响应分析方法、调频功率分配原则和频率响应特性3个方面对电力电子装备系统惯量配置问题的研究现状展开梳理。对电力电子装备混联系统的统一建模及惯量响应匹配问题提出了研究思路,旨在通过惯量支撑功率的匹配控制提升低惯量电力系统的频率稳定性,从系统层面为高比例电力电子装备友好并网提供基础理论和关键技术支撑。

互联电网短路电流在线分析与优化决策方法

在线分析技术是应对交直流电网短路电流超标和随机波动问题的重要手段。结合调度自动化系统的建模范围和实时数据采集情况,提出在线短路电流计算原则和超标判据;通过日前和实时短路电流多目标逐级优化决策,提升短路电流优化策略对电网时变性和复杂性的适应能力;构建在线短路电流分析和优化控制系统功能架构,通过调度端和厂站端功能集成实现短路电流可靠闭环控制。该方法实现了短路电流精细化分析、综合优化决策和精准闭环控制技术在实际电网的应用,通过对实际电网在线短路电流分析与优化控制系统运行结果的分析,验证了所述方法的有效性和实用性.

交直流电网多时间尺度暂态仿真接口综述

为满足大规模交直流电网多时间尺度动态过程的准确、高效仿真需求,已有研究结合不同仿真建模理论深入讨论了多时间尺度分区仿真方法。对于多时间尺度分区仿真,不同分区间的仿真接口是决定仿真成败的关键。首先,分析了交直流电网的多时间尺度特性及分区多时间尺度仿真的分类。然后,梳理了机电-电磁暂态离线仿真接口设计的关键问题。进一步,归纳了多速率电磁暂态仿真接口和移频-常规电磁暂态混合仿真接口的研究现状。最后,对多时间尺度分区协同仿真接口设计的未来研究方向进行了展望。

考虑新能源高阶不确定性的交直流混联电网静态电压稳定裕度计算

随着大量新能源场站接入交直流混联电网,系统的静态电压稳定裕度(static voltage stability margin,SVSM)水平具有很大的不确定性,需要研究考虑新能源场站高阶不确定性的交直流混联电网SVSM计算方法。针对此问题,首先建立了交直流混联电网SVSM计算模型,模型中考虑了直流换流站控制方式随负荷增长的切换;采用概率盒模型描述风速与光照强度的随机波动,提出了改进区间半不变量法以获得更准确的SVSM概率盒,该方法通过K-means++聚类算法将随机变量样本划分为多个波动范围较小的样本集,以降低半不变量的线性化计算带来的误差;并结合Gram-Charlier级数展开和概率加权和计算得到考虑新能源场站高阶不确定性的系统SVSM概率盒。通过对修改的IEEE-39节点交直流系统和南方电网两个算例的分析,并与区间半不变量法和双层蒙特卡洛法比较,验证了所提出方法获得的SVSM概率盒具有较高的计算精度和效率。

交流故障后MIDC系统交错协调恢复研究

为促进交流故障后多馈入直流(MIDC)系统协调恢复,首先剖析CIGRE直流标准测试系统的工作原理,分析现有多直流恢复研究中存在的问题。然后,提出一种新的直流低压限流单元(VDCOL)的输入信号,该信号综合了依赖直流电压起动的DC-VDCOL和依赖交流电压起动的AC-VDCOL的优点。进一步,建立了直流低压限流单元和熄弧角控制器的参数优化模型,以改善控制性能。最后,以三馈入直流输电系统为算例,对新信号和优化模型的有效性进行了仿真验证。从仿真结果可以看出,新信号能更灵敏地反映换流母线电压的恢复情况,促进多直流自主交错恢复;优化直流关键控制参数能进一步改善系统恢复性能。

区域互联下不对称交流电网运行控制系统设计

电力系统内部的交流电在产生不对称故障之后,会直接导致换流站母线电压不平衡,系统内部出现的负序分量和零序分量会影响系统交流和直流谐波分布,进而影响电网的正常运行。为了进一步实现不对称交流电网的控制,设计了一种控制系统。系统硬件设计了锁相环控制器、电流环控制器、DSP控制器,锁相环控制器由相位鉴别、环路滤波和压控振荡三部分组成一个闭环。针对区域互联状况进行分析,确定谐波电压和谐波电流的传递规律,建立谐波分析程序和控制程序,通过矢量计算,对不对称交流电网电流进行运行控制。实验结果表明,所设计系统能够有效解决运行过程的输入量和输出量不均衡的问题,降低叠加放大状况,控制后电流和电压幅值波动为0,有效防止出现谐波不稳定现象。

抑制电压不平衡交直流混合微电网互联变换器的控制策略

针对特定的交直流混合微电网,给出了抑制电压不平衡的互联变换器控制策略。该控制策略采用双同步坐标系的正负序分离方法,经过坐标变换,解耦和低通滤波器,提取电压的正负序分量;基于瞬时功率的理论,推导出含有正负序分量的有功和无功功率表达式,给出了抑制直流电压波动和实现单位功率因数控制的正负序电流给定;进而基于矢量控制结构实现互联变换器控制。根据Matlab/Simulink环境下的仿真结果,证明了所提抑制电压不平衡控制策略的正确性和有效性。

多变流器互联交直流微网集群一致性功率协同控制

为增强多变流器互联交直流微网集群系统运行稳定性、可靠性及控制灵活性,本文提出一种一致性功率协同控制策略。控制系统包含互联变流器(DC-DC、DC-AC)柔性控制和交、直流微电网下垂控制等。互联DC-AC和DC-DC均采用双环控制,外环将一致性耦合控制和功率分配环节相结合,内环分别采用虚拟同步控制和移相控制。本文所提控制方法,系统仅基于就地量测频率或直流电压等信息,可同时实现子系统间功率协同互济、多互联变流器功率分配及多运行模式自适应平滑切换等目标。最后通过PSCAD/EMTDC仿真模型对所提方法的有效性进行了验证。